nazarov-a-d_disser
.pdf333
Annex №28
Acquittals delivered by Magistrate courts that have been modified or overturned by courts of Appeal during the period of 2010 2012 (taking into consideration the number of individuals, grounds)
|
grounds |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall number |
755 |
928 |
655 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overturned with delivering guilty verdict |
563 |
406 |
312 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Including: |
Overturned with delivering acquittal |
- |
131 |
70 |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Overturned with dismissing the case |
- |
250 |
197 |
||
|
|
|
|
||
Overturned with returning the case to the |
- |
28 |
24 |
||
prosecutor |
|||||
|
|
|
|
||
|
Modified |
192 |
113 |
52 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annex №29
Number of judgements (guilty verdicts) that have been overturned by the courts of Appeal during the period of 2013 -2015 (taking into consideration the number of individuals, grounds)
|
grounds |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall number |
9 081 |
7 794 |
7 005 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acquitting the defendant |
378 |
309 |
221 |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Forwarding the case to the court of the 1st |
4 239 |
4 127 |
4 043 |
|
|
instance for the new trial |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
|
Forwarding the case to courts for the new |
|
|
|
|
|
trial due to the imposition of unjust |
215 |
86 |
49 |
|
|
sentence |
|
|
|
|
Including: |
Returning the case to the prosecutor |
510 |
656 |
676 |
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
||
Dismissing the case due to reconciliation |
753 |
500 |
329 |
||
with the victim, remorse of the defendant |
|||||
|
|
|
|||
Dismissing the case due to rehabilitative |
187 |
103 |
109 |
||
|
|||||
|
grounds |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
|
Dismissing the case due to other grounds |
738 |
665 |
546 |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partly ( judgements with less severe |
136 |
105 |
64 |
|
|
sentences that have been upheld) |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
|
Delivering new guilty verdict |
2 140 |
1 329 |
1 017 |
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
334
Annex №30
Guilty verdicts that have been modified by the courts of Appeal during the period of 2013 2015 (taking into consideration the number of individuals, grounds)
|
grounds |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall number |
18 647 |
16 990 |
16 751 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Modifying the description of the crime |
|
|
|
|
|
(crime qualification) without reducing the |
506 |
300 |
255 |
|
|
sentence |
|
|
|
|
Including: |
Modifying the description of the crime and |
2 741 |
2 204 |
1 993 |
|
reducing the sentence |
|||||
|
|
|
|||
Modifying the description of the crime and |
194 |
167 |
195 |
||
imposing more severe sentence |
|||||
|
|
|
|||
Without modification of the description of |
13 708 |
11 907 |
11 784 |
||
|
|||||
|
the crime but imposing less severe sentence |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
|
Without changing the description of the |
1 498 |
2 412 |
2 524 |
|
|
crime but imposing more severe sentence |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annex №31
Number of acquittals that have been overturned by the courts of Appeal during the period of 2013 -2015 (taking into consideration the number of individuals, grounds)
|
grounds |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
Overall number |
1 008 |
948 |
790 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Issuing guilty verdict |
126 |
28 |
10 |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
Including: |
Referring the case for the new trial |
684 |
801 |
667 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
Issuing the acquittal verdict |
86 |
51 |
45 |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
Dismissing the case |
93 |
34 |
31 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Returning the case to the prosecutor |
19 |
34 |
37 |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
Annex №32
Guilty verdicts that have been modified by the courts of Cassation during the period of 20102012 (taking into consideration the number of individuals, grounds)
|
grounds |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall number |
14 451 |
14 471 |
14 491 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Modifying the description of the crime |
|
|
|
|
Including: |
(crime qualification) without reducing the |
280 |
410 |
352 |
|
sentence |
|
|
|
||
Modifying the description of the crime and |
3 367 |
3 410 |
2 670 |
||
reducing the sentence |
|||||
|
|
|
|||
Without modification of the description of |
10 804 |
10 652 |
11 469 |
||
|
|||||
|
the crime but imposing less severe sentence |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
335
Annex №33
Guilty verdicts that have been reversed by the courts of Cassation during the period of 20102012 (taking into consideration the number of individuals, grounds)
|
grounds |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall number |
10 520 |
8 988 |
8 682 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Referring the case to the Court of Appeal |
9 588 |
8 014 |
7 844 |
|
|
(as the 1st instance) for the new trial |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
|
Referring the case for the new trial due to |
1 038 |
944 |
901 |
|
|
the relatively low penalty |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
including: |
Returning the case to the prosecutor |
- |
266 |
235 |
|
|
|
|
|
||
Dismissing the case due to reconciliation |
|
|
|
||
with the victim, defendant remorse, death |
85 |
86 |
113 |
||
of the victim |
|
|
|
||
Dismissing the case due to the rehabilitative |
276 |
193 |
185 |
||
|
|||||
|
grounds |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
|
Dismissing the case due to the other |
183 |
188 |
125 |
|
|
grounds |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
|
Partly (cases where less severe convictions |
269 |
241 |
180 |
|
|
have been upheld) |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
Annex №34
Guilty verdicts that have been modified by the courts of Cassation and Supervisory courts during the period of 20132015 (taking into consideration the number of individuals, grounds)
|
grounds |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
Overall number |
8 319 |
3 616 |
3 668 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
including: |
Modifying the description of the crime (crime |
145 |
139 |
149 |
qualification) without reducing the sentence |
|
|||
|
|
|
||
Modifying the description of the crime and |
2 593 |
976 |
739 |
|
reducing the sentence |
|
|||
|
|
|
||
Without modification of the description of the |
5 581 |
2 501 |
2 775 |
|
|
crime but imposing less severe sentence |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
336
Annex №35
Guilty verdicts that have been reversed by the courts of Cassation and Supervisory courts during the period of 20132015 (taking into consideration the number of individuals, grounds)
|
grounds |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall number |
1 196 |
1 058 |
1 130 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Referring the case for the new trial |
852 |
841 |
883 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dismissing the case due to reconciliation with |
|
|
|
|
|
the victim, defendant remorse, death of the |
100 |
77 |
48 |
|
including: |
victim and other grounds539 |
|
|
|
|
Dismissing the case due to the rehabilitative |
76 |
62 |
81 |
||
grounds |
|||||
|
|
|
|||
Returning the case to the prosecutor |
26 |
52 |
92 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Partly (cases where less severe convictions have |
142 |
26 |
21 |
|
|
been upheld) |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
|
Appellate Courts |
0 |
0 |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annex №36
Guilty verdicts that have been modified by the Supervisory courts during the period of 20102012 (taking into consideration the number of individuals, grounds)
|
grounds |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall number |
9 480 |
7 750 |
7 694 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Including: |
Modifying the description of the crime (crime |
230 |
328 |
126 |
|
qualification) without reducing the sentence |
|||||
|
|
|
|||
Modifying the description of the crime and |
2 254 |
2 680 |
2 191 |
||
reducing the sentence |
|||||
|
|
|
|||
Without modification of the description of the |
6 996 |
4 742 |
5 377 |
||
|
crime but imposing less severe sentence |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
539 Before 2015 it used to be written as «Dismissing the case due to death of the victim, reconciliation with the victim, defendant remorse», starting from 2015 – «other grounds».
337
Annex №37
Guilty verdicts that have been reversed by the Supervisory courts during the period of 20102012 (taking into consideration the number of individuals, grounds)
|
grounds |
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall number |
1 302 |
1 250 |
1 128 |
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Referring the case for the new trial |
986 |
952 |
908 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
including: |
Dismissing the case due to the rehabilitative |
140 |
121 |
140 |
|
grounds |
|||||
|
|
|
|||
Dismissing the case due to the other grounds |
136 |
130 |
82 |
||
|
|
|
|
||
Partly (cases where less severe convictions |
40 |
47 |
98 |
||
|
|||||
|
have been upheld) |
||||
|
|
|
|
||
|
Appellate Courts |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annex №38
Number of acquittals that have been overturned by the Cassation courts during the period of 2010 -2012 (taking into consideration the number of individuals)
2010 |
2011 |
2012 |
|
|
|
827 |
756 |
550 |
|
|
|
Annex №39
Number of acquittals that have been overturned by the Cassation courts and Supervisory courts during the period of 2013 -2015 (taking into consideration the number of individuals)
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
|
|
11 |
16 |
26 |
|
|
|
338
Annex №40
Information on activities of the prosecutor at the stage of initiating the criminal proceedings540
|
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of case files that have been |
|
|
|
|
|
|
referred to. Such reference is done in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
compliance with paragraph 2 of part 2 or |
34 220 |
31 454 |
29 502 |
28 755 |
28 847 |
|
article 37 of criminal procedural law of |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Russian Federation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- number of initiated criminal cases |
26 144 |
25 865 |
24 589 |
24 612 |
24 951 |
|
Number of referred case files concerning |
|
|
|
|
|
|
respect for human and civil rights and |
17 303 |
15 632 |
14 208 |
13 876 |
14 423 |
|
freedoms |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- number of initiated criminal cases |
13 929 |
13 444 |
12 376 |
12 182 |
12 944 |
|
Number of case files that have been |
|
|
|
|
|
|
referred to, concerning the wage, |
1 249 |
869 |
739 |
660 |
796 |
|
remuneration |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- number of initiated criminal cases |
436 |
414 |
397 |
426 |
544 |
|
Number of referred case files concerning |
11 478 |
10 712 |
10 485 |
9 332 |
9 626 |
|
economics sphere |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||
-number of initiated criminal cases |
8 125 |
8 197 |
8 176 |
7 632 |
7 800 |
|
Number of referred case files concerning |
1 248 |
1 096 |
868 |
|
|
|
national projects |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
||
- number of initiated criminal cases |
846 |
897 |
685 |
|
|
|
Number of referred case files concerning |
|
|
|
|
|
|
corruption issues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
- number of initiated criminal cases |
4 251 |
4 567 |
4 560 |
4 098 |
4 020 |
|
Number of referred case files concerning |
|
|
|
|
|
|
federal security, inter-ethnic relations, |
162 |
151 |
275 |
180 |
194 |
|
extremism issues |
|
|
|
|
|
|
-number of initiated criminal cases |
107 |
120 |
214 |
135 |
150 |
|
Number of referred case files concerning |
Х |
Х |
1 398 |
1 127 |
1 094 |
|
housing and public utilities |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||
-number of initiated criminal cases |
Х |
Х |
984 |
827 |
848 |
540 Data sources for attachments №40 – 43: The main results of the work on the implementation of laws Supervision, observance of human rights and civils in January - December 2011-2012 / Official website of the General Prosecutor of the Russian Federation // URL: http://www.genproc.gov.ru/stat/data/ (source usage date: 29.10.2015); The main results of the prosecutor's activity for January - December 2013 / Official website of the General Prosecutor of the Russian Federation // URL: http://www.genproc.gov.ru/stat/data/ (source usage date: 29.10.2015); The main results of the prosecutor's activity for January - December 2014 / Official website of the General Prosecutor of the Russian Federation // URL: http://www.genproc.gov.ru/stat/data/ (source usage date: 29.10.2015); The main results of the prosecutor's activity for January - December 2015 / Official website of the General Prosecutor of the Russian Federation // URL: http://www.genproc.gov.ru/stat/data/ (source usage date: 20.02.2016).
339
Annex №41
Information on activities of the prosecutor regarding supervision of implementation of the law at the pre-trial stage
|
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall number of violations |
4 148 277 |
5 038 064 |
4 860 918 |
5 921 866 |
4 908 615 |
|
||||
Including cases of recording, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
registering, checking reports on |
2 921 344 |
3 428 095 |
3 489 553 |
3 605 162 |
3 732 360 |
|
||||
committed crimes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Requirements to eliminate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
violations of law. Such is done in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
compliance with paragraph of part |
83 223 |
115 594 |
147 337 |
184 300 |
215 246 |
|
||||
2 of article 37 of criminal |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
procedural law of Russian |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of prosecutor`s |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
submissions and information on |
97 728 |
102 676 |
91 684 |
99 996 |
86 639 |
|
||||
elimination of the violations |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of people who have been |
93 505 |
118 650 |
119 095 |
140 306 |
145 269 |
|
||||
charged with disciplinary offences |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abolition of investigator`s and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
interrogator`s acts that initiated |
35 480 |
31 012 |
23 498 |
19 066 |
19 256 |
|
||||
criminal proceedings |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abolition of acts about refusal to |
2 326 896 |
2 585 732 |
2 575 024 |
2 518 508 |
2 516 501 |
|
||||
initiate criminal proceedings |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abolition of acts that dismissed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
criminal case (criminal |
26 981 |
26 729 |
24 763 |
29 330 |
31 612 |
|
||||
proceedings) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Abolition of acts that suspended |
405 684 |
415 676 |
407 571 |
424 080 |
443 674 |
|
||||
preliminary investigation |
|
|||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Annex №42 |
||
Prosecutors activity data in criminal proceedings |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prosecutor measures |
2011 |
|
2012 |
|
2013 |
|
2014 |
|
2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervision of activities, decisions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(inactivity) of officials conducting |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
inquiry and investigation regarding |
326 888 |
|
333 032 |
|
352 598 |
|
362 072 |
|
397 616 |
|
acceptance, registration, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
consideration of crime reports |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervision of preliminary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
investigation(inquiry and |
265 186 |
|
258 193 |
|
257 830 |
|
245 373 |
|
252 168 |
|
investigation) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervision of the lawfulness and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
validity of the judgments |
127 863 |
|
117 880 |
|
113 991 |
|
109 417 |
|
99 870 |
|
concerning criminal cases |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervision of implementing the |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
law during the execution of |
54 301 |
|
55 301 |
|
54 288 |
|
50 743 |
|
56 926 |
|
criminal penalties |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
340
Annex №43
Information on prosecutor`s activities during the trial stage
Trial stage |
2011 |
2012 |
2013 |
2014 |
2015 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Overall number of cases considered |
887 654 |
855 526 |
870 824 |
869 520 |
900 461 |
|
by the 1st instance courts |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||
Overall number of cases considered |
20 141 |
19 302 |
93 629 |
116 410 |
121 032 |
|
by courts of Appellate |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||
Overall number of cases considered |
125 043 |
116 455 |
1 847 |
4 932 |
6 770 |
|
by courts of Cassation |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||
Legal submissions (not taking into |
|
|
|
|
|
|
consideration the number of |
10 831 |
10 889 |
36 644 |
39 531 |
39 893 |
|
submission that were waived) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of appellate submissions that |
8 300 |
8 795 |
28 090 |
35 816 |
36 353 |
|
were granted (number of individuals) |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||
– % of all cases considered by the |
77,5 |
82,9 |
74,9 |
78,9 |
80,7 |
|
courts |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||
Prosecutor`s appellate submissions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
that resulted in abolition and change |
|
|
15 655 |
20 084 |
20 371 |
|
of judgements (number of individuals) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
– % of all overturned and changed |
|
|
77,1 |
80,6 |
83,0 |
|
judgements (number of individuals) |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
||
Cassation submissions (not taking into |
|
|
|
|
|
|
consideration the number of |
46 721 |
43 457 |
1 825 |
3 079 |
3 922 |
|
submission that were waived) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of cassation submissions that |
39 109 |
37490 |
971 |
2 291 |
2 943 |
|
were granted (number of individuals) |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
||
– % of all the considered submissions |
68,4 |
72,9 |
96,9 |
97,3 |
96,7 |
|
Prosecutor`s cassation submissions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
that resulted in abolition and change |
20 913 |
20681 |
|
|
|
|
of judgements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
– % of all overturned and changed |
|
|
|
|
|
|
judgements as a result of |
82,7 |
82 |
|
|
|
|
consideration submitted complaints |
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
||
and submissions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supervisory submissions (not taking |
|
|
|
|
|
|
into consideration the number of |
5 591 |
5680 |
1 026 |
72 |
15 |
|
submission that were waived) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of supervisory submissions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
that were granted (number of |
4 219 |
4349 |
781 |
105 |
10 |
|
individuals) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
– % of all the considered submissions |
98,4 |
98,3 |
98,9 |
100 |
100 |
341
Annex №44
Results of questionnaires conducted among judges, advocates, officials of prosecution office and investigators
1. What types of mistakes do you usually find in criminal cases that have been investigated by investigators or officials conducting initial inquiries:
Note for investigators: the question for investigators is the following «What mistakes do you usually make during the investigation of criminal cases? »
а) incompleteness, subjectivity, biased attitude of examination of facts to be proved (gaps of preliminary investigation);
- judges: |
50,0% |
- officials of prosecution office: |
77,8% |
- investigators: |
87,1% |
- advocates: |
80,4% |
b) violation of Russian Federation Constitutional provisions regarding human and civil rights and freedoms, violation of international standards for criminal justice;
- judges: |
0% |
- officials of prosecution office: |
0% |
- investigators: |
0% |
- advocates: |
30,2% |
c) significant violation of criminal procedural law;
- judges: |
66,7% |
- officials of prosecution office: |
55,6% |
- investigators: |
7,7% |
- advocates: |
40,6% |
d) Improper application of articles(provisions) of Criminal code of Russian Federation– general part of code, crime qualification(description), etc.
- judges: |
33,3% |
- officials of prosecution office: |
27,8% |
- investigators: |
2,6% |
- advocates: |
20,9% |
2. How often did the suspects, defendants, their representatives, advocates report on unacceptable, unlawful methods (violence, threat of violence) and provocations of police officers, whether such provocations and unlawful, unacceptable methods were reported in an official or non-official way?
а) often (such is revealed in almost every second case);
- judges: |
50,0% (pre-trial stages); |
66,7% (trial stages) |
|
- officials of prosecution office: |
61,1% |
- investigators: |
2,6% |
- advocates: |
20,7 |
b) seldom (such is revealed in approximately every 10th case); |
|
- judges: |
44,4% (pre-trial stages); |
38,9% (trial stages) |
|
- officials of prosecution office: |
27,8% |
- investigators: |
20,5% |
- advocates: |
50,1% |
c) such reports were not filed; |
|
- judges: |
5,6% (both pre-trial and trial stages) |
- officials of prosecution office: |
5,6% |
- investigators: |
69,2% |
|
|
342 |
|
- advocates: |
10,4% |
|
|
3. |
What measures did you take in order to check the above-mentioned reports? |
||
judges: |
|
|
|
а) submitted the case file to the prosecutor: |
5,6% |
||
b) submitted the case file to |
|
|
|
Investigative Committee: |
|
5,6% |
|
c) during the trial interrogating |
|
94,4% |
|
the police officers, other witnesses, |
|
|
|
examining documents, etc. |
|
|
|
officials of prosecution office: |
|
|
|
а) conduction of checks: |
|
38,9% |
|
b) submitted the case file to |
|
|
|
Investigative Committee: |
|
77,8% |
|
c) offered to conduct departmental inspections: |
0% |
||
Investigators: |
|
|
|
а) conduction of preliminary inquiries: |
2,6% |
||
b) initiation of criminal proceedings, |
|
|
|
and conduction of immediate |
|
0% |
|
investigative actions: |
|
|
|
c) requested the conduction of |
|
|
|
departmental inspections: |
|
12,8% |
|
Advocates: |
|
|
|
а) Offered their clients to make an official |
|
||
statement to the prosecutor, |
|
|
|
Investigative Committee, court |
|
70,2% |
|
b) Conducted their own investigation (what kind?) |
|
||
in order to obtain proof of such violence, |
|
||
other information about application |
|
|
|
of violence (threats of violence) |
|
30,6% |
|
c) informed the investigator about the |
|
||
violence (threats of violence): |
|
10,4% |
|
d) personally submitted complaints to |
|
||
the prosecution office, Investigative Committee: |
30,2% |
||
e) personally submitted complaints to the court |
|
||
in compliance with the provisions of article 125 |
|
||
of criminal procedural law code |
|
|
|
of Russian Federation: |
|
10,3% |
|
5. Do you think that investigators and officials conducting initial inquiries, exaggerate the qualification of the crime («so-called qualification (description of the crime) in advance»)?
а) yes, in order to receive the remand order for detention of suspects, defendants;
- judges: |
5,6% |
- officials of prosecution office: |
0% |
- investigators: |
0% |
- advocates: |
0% |
b) yes, in order for the court to change the qualification of the crime to less severe crime, without returning the case file to the prosecutor;
- judges: |
33,3% |
- officials of prosecution office: |
61,1% |
- investigators: |
7,7% |
- advocates: |
20,4% |
c) no, the exaggeration never occurs |
|