Учебники 80271

Zhivopisny ("Picturesque") Bridge, Russia

Zhivopisny ("Picturesque") Bridge is the newest in Moscow and in accordance with its name is located in one of the capital's most scenic places near the Serebryany Bor forest park. This mile-long bridge does not only cross the Moskva River, but also bypasses the grove, making it a perfect walking route.

Bridge Monkey, Uk

This suspended wooden bridge is "suspended" on three large balloons. It does not carry a real functional value.But modern builders and architects do not exclude that in the likeness of the Monkey Bridge, it is possible to build functional bridges that will perfectly cope with their goal and allow them to maintain ecological balance.

Gustav Flober Bridge, France

The highest lifting bridge in the world. Its total height is 91 meters, the design of the bridge is also quite unusual, it is verticallyelevated, for which he received the unofficial name of "bridge-elevator." The length of the lift part of the bridge is 116 meters, and its total length is 670 meters.The bridge rises not less than 30 times a year, in addition to the motorway on it there is a special

pavement for cyclists and pedestrians.To fully lift the mobile part of the bridge to a height of 55 meters, it takes about 12 minutes. Every day about 50,000 cars pass through it.

Football Bridge, Germany

In Munich, one of the most symbolic from the "football point of view" of the bridges of the planet is located. The bridge imitates the huge figure of goalkeeper Oliver Kahn, the opening of such an unusual bridge was timed to the 2006 World Cup in Germany. A huge figure of the goalkeeper is located over one of the busy highways of Munich. The unusual sports bridge

was introduced by Adidas, it is designed exclusively for pedestrians. When constructing the bridge, a high-strength and waterproof material was used.

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Danyang-Kunshan Viaduct, China

The longest bridge in the world is located in China. Danyang-Kunshan viaduct is a railway bridge and connects two major cities - Shanghai and Nanjing. The length of the railway bridge is 164.8 km, 9 km of which passes over the reservoirs. During the construction of the bridge, more than 500,000 tons of steel were used, as well as more than 2.5 million cubic meters of concrete.

5. Соотнесите описание моста и его название.

6. Подготовьте сообщение об одном из интереснейших мостов мира, пользуясь материалами интернет-сайтов, например www.orangesmile.com.

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LESSON 9. WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT TUNNELS

1. Переведите следующие слова, обращая внимание на суффиксы:

Digging, tunnel-boring, tunneling, excavating, adding, covering, using, collapsing, pouring, blasting, working.

2. Найдите английским словам русские соответствия:

Tunnel, gigantic, machine, type, terrain, method, excavate, section, original, material, risk, collapse, nature (natural), ground (underground), reservoir, gas, surface, construction.

Земля, грунт (подземный); строительство; тоннель; поверхность; риск; материал; коллапс, разрушение; гигантский; резервуар; природа (природный); выкапывать; изначальный; машина (механизм); тип; местность; секция, участок; газ.

3. Выучите следующие слова, относящиеся к теме:

4. Прочитайте текст и скажите:

1)чем отличается прокладка глубинных и мелкопроложенных тоннелей?

2)какие факторы делают опасным прокладку тоннелей?

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TEXT: WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT TUNNELS

Digging a tunnel can be difficult and dangerous. Tunnels were once dug entirely by hand. Today, gigantic tunnel-boring machines make tunneling both quicker and safer.

Different types of tunnels are used in different types of terrains. Shallow tunnels are often dug by the "cut-and-cover" method, which involves excavating a long trench, adding reinforced sides, roof, and floor or preformed pipe-like tunnel sections, and then covering the whole thing over with spoil (the original excavated material). Where shallow cut-and-cover tunnels are not possible, deep tunnels must be bored using drills, explosives, or boring machines.

Tunneling can be very hazardous. Apart from the risk of earth collapsing before the roof has been properly reinforced, difficulties include water pouring into the tunnel from natural underground water reservoirs, dust from blasting, trapped gas, and the heat and humidity of working deep beneath Earth's surface. All these things can kill construction workers.

The dangerous nature of tunneling has not prevented the construction of many remarkable tunnels. As long ago as 36 BC, Romans built a road tunnel 1463 m long between Naples and Pozzuoli entirely by hand. Today's tunnels are much longer. The world's longest rail tunnel, the Seikan Tunnel between mainland Japan and the island of Hokkaido, is 53.6 km long, and took 22 years to excavate. 3000 people helped to construct the tunnel, 34 of whom were killed before it was completed in 1988.

5. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, используя нижеприведенные слова:

1. ... a tunnel can be difficult and dangerous. 2. Gigantic ... machines make tunneling quicker. 3. Different types of tunnels are used in different types of ... . 4. Water ...

into the tunnel from natural underground water reservoirs is hazardous. 5. ... gas can kill construction workers. 6. The ... method involves excavating a long trench, adding roof and floor and then covering it with spoil. 7. ... tunnels must be bored using drills or explosives. 8. ... deeply beneath Earth's surface is dangerous for workers.

Cut-and-cover, heat and humidity, pouring, deep, terrains, trapped, tunnel-boring, digging.

6. Дополните следующие предложения необходимой для понимания информацией:

1. Gigantic tunnel-boring machines make tunneling ... . 2. Shallow tunnels are often dug by the ... method. 3. Shallow tunnels are covered with the original ... . 4. Deep tunnels must be bored using ... . 5. ... collapse, water pouring into the tunnel, dust from ... , ... gas, and the heat and humidity beneath ... can kill construction workers. 6. ... pipe-like tunnel sections are used in construction of tunnels.

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7. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным частям предложений.

1. Digging a tunnel can be difficult and dangerous. 2. Tunnels were once dug entirely by hand. 3. Gigantic tunnel-boring machines make tunneling both quicker and safer. 4. Different types of tunnels are used in different types of terrains. 5. Shallow tunnels are often dug by the "cut-and-cover" method. 6. Deep tunnels must be bored using drills, explosives, or boring machines. 7. Trapped gas can kill construction workers. 8. In 36 BC Romans built a road tunnel 1463 m long between Naples and Pozzuoli entirely by hand. 9. The world's longest rail tunnel, the Seikan Tunnel between mainland Japan and the island of Hokkaido took 22 years to excavate.

LESSON10. THE MOST INCREDIBLE TUNNELS OF THE WORLD

1.Найдите в тексте прилагательные в сравнительной и превосходной степени. Приведите их начальную форму.

Например: easier - от ‘easy’; the most famous от ‘famous’.

2.Обратите внимание на следующие слова для лучшего понимания текста:

3. Дайте наиболее адекватный и грамотный перевод следующих фраз:

The movement of goods across Europe; a tragic event occurred; ships died regularly over the centuries; to finally solve this problem; tunnel accounts for 67% of passenger traffic; gives this engineering object its originality and beauty; ships need space for successful navigation; marked the end of the construction; 10 tunnels were broken; halve the travel time; is named after the homonymous village; paved the way to civilization; an incredibly bright and unusually lit tunnel.

4. Внимательно прочитайте текст и выделите наиболее важную информацию в каждом абзаце.

Gotthard Tunnel. Switzerland

The pass of Saint Gothard in the Alps is known in Russia thanks to the feat of the commander Alexander Suvorov, who crossed it in the autumn of 1799. And in 1880 to overcome mountains in this area it became much easier, because there was completed the construction of a 15-kilometer railway tunnel, one of the most famous

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similar structures in the world. It significantly simplified the movement of goods across Europe.In 1980, a 16.9 kilometer car tunnel was opened not far from the century-old railway tunnel. And now the construction of an even larger construction on the pass of Saint Gotthard - a 57-kilometer railway tunnel, which has become the longest in the world, has now

been completed.

The Seikan Tunnel. Japan

In 1954, in Japan, a tragic event occurred - in the Sangara Strait between the islands of Honshu and Hokkaido, five passenger ferries sunk, which killed more than a thousand people. And this was not the first such disaster in this place - ships cruising between the two largest Japanese islands, died regularly over the centuries. To finally solve this problem, the Japanese government decided to build a tunnel under the strait.Opened in 1988, the 54-kilometer

Seikan became the longest railway tunnel in the world and holds this record so far.

Eurotunnel. France-United Kingdom

It's hard to believe, but the idea of building a tunnel between France and the UK appeared in the late eighteenth - early nineteenth century, and the "customer" of the project was made by Napoleon Bonaparte himself. But real progress in this direction began only after the Second World War, the construction itself started

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only in December 1987.

The inauguration of the Eurotunnel took place in May 1994 with the participation of the Queen of Great Britain and the President of France. Tunnels (three in total: two transport and one technical) are used as railroads - fast trains run between them on both sides, connecting London with Paris and Brussels. Eurotunnel accounts for 67% of passenger traffic between France and England.

Lerdal Tunnel. Norway

Lerdal tunnel can be called the most beautiful similar engineering structure on the planet. In addition, it is the longest automobile tunnel in the world, because its length is 24.5 kilometers. The architects divided it into four roughly equal parts by three artificial caves. Each of these grottoes has its own highlight color, which gives this engineering object its originality and beauty. In these caves, you can also stop,

park and relax a little.

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The Eresund Bridge. Denmark, Sweden

It is not entirely logical that the bridge connecting the two Scandinavian countries - Denmark and Norway - was included in the list of the world's greatest tunnels. But after all, out of almost 12 kilometers of the length of this structure, 4050 meters pass under the ground. The architects of the bridge of Eresund went to such an unusual

decision for the reason that it is in this place that the glide path of the aircraft going to the airport of Copenhagen passes and it can not be partitioned. And ships going through the strait of Eresund, also need space for successful navigation.

The Severomuisk Tunnel. Russia

In December 2003 in Buryatia there was a historical event for all of Russia - there was opened the Severomuyskiy tunnel with a length of 15 kilometers 343 meters. It became not only the longest in Russia, but also marked the end of the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline, the legendary BAM - one of the greatest

constructions of Soviet times.

The construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline began in 1938, in 1974 it was declared an all-Union Komsomol building, and ended only in 2003. When creating the BAM, 10 tunnels were broken, the largest and most important of which became Severomuisky.

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Marmaray. Turkey

In October 2013, the Marmaray railway tunnel was opened in Istanbul, connecting the European and Asian shores of the Bosphorus Strait.

Floating Tunnel Of The Future. Norway

By 2035, the world's first underwater floating tunnel, about 1,100 km long, located at a depth of 20-30 m, may appear in Norway. It is supposed that this route will connect the southern and northern ports through the fjords. According to this project, the tunnel will consist of two curved concrete pipes suspended on pontoons located on the surface. For

motorists, the tunnel will almost halve the travel time.

Tunnel Guoliang Tunnel Road - The Most Extreme Tunnel In The World. China

This tunnel is named after the homonymous village in the Taihanshan mountains. 350 inhabitants of this isolated place independently paved the way to civilization. For 5 years, the road was built for automobile traffic, 1,2 km length, 3,6 m wide.But the tunnel was not safe. Even during construction, several people died. Partially this road is protected by rocks, but there are also open areas.

Bund Sightseeing Tunnel: The Most Colored Tunnel In The World. Shanghai

Bund Sightseeing Tunnel is 5 minutes of fascinating travel through an incredibly bright and unusually lit tunnel. Due to the special optics of the walls, an incredible illusion of a living multicolor of lights is created.

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5. Дополните следующие предложения необходимой для понимания информацией:

1.Eurotunnel accounts for 67% of passenger traffic between ...

2.Lerdal tunnel is divided into ...

3.The Marmaray railway tunnel connected ...

4.Floating Tunnel will be located at a depth of ...

5.The special optics of the walls of Bund Sightseeing Tunnel create an incredible...

6. The Seikan Tunnel became the ...

6. Выразите свое сомнение, согласие или несогласие со сказанным,

используя фразы: Really? I don’t think so. Are you sure? Or: Yes, you’re right. I think, you’re right. Or: I think, you’re mistaken. I disagree. You’re wrong. В случае

неверного утверждения дайте правильное суждение:

1. The tunnel through the pass of Saint Gothard in the Alps significantly simplified the movement of goods across Europe. 2. Japanese tunnel saved the problem of catastrophes on water. 3. The Eurotunnel was opened in 2000. 4. The construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline began in the18-th century. 5. The world's first underwater floating tunnel is going to appear in a couple of years. 6. Tunnel in China is the most extreme tunnel in the world. 7. Bund Sightseeing Tunnel is the most horrible tunnel in the world.

7. Переведите на английский язык аннотацию к тексту, представленному выше. Используйте фразы, предложенные в скобках.

В данном тексте представлена информация (the text deals with...) о наиболее удивительных тоннелях мира. Автор описывает (the author describes...) их конструктивные особенности и эстетический вид. Особое внимание уделяется (the special attention is given to the ...) уникальным характеристикам различных тоннелей. Автор говорит (the author says about ...) о возможностях, которые появились благодаря открытию этих замечательных строительных объектов. В тексте также затронута (the text touches upon ...) история их строительства.

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