Учебное пособие 3000405

140

1401140.1405140.1402140.140 140 140"5E=>;>388 140E@0=5=8O 1408 1404>ABC?0 140 140: 1408=D>@<0F8>==K< 140@5AC@A0< 140

140

140 140B5E=>;>38O< 140E@0=5=8O 1408=D>@<0F8>==KE 140@5AC@A>2,140 140?>2KH0NI8< 14070I8I5==>BL 140!,140 140>B=>AOBAO:140

140B5E=>;>388 140@0A?@545;5==>3> 140E@0=5=8O 14040==KE 140=0 140D878G5A:>< 140C@>2=5 140(140R140A140I140D140-140<0AA82K 1408 140A5B8 140E@0=5=8O 14040==KE 140(140S140A140N140)140)140

140B5E=>;>388 140107 140(140E@0=8;8I)140 14040==KE,140 1408=B53@8@CNI8E 1408 140@0745;ONI8E 1408=D>@<0F8N 140=0 140;>38G5A:>< 140C@>2=5.140

140

140 140B5E=>;>38O< 1404>ABC?0 140: 1408=D>@<0F8>==K< 140@5AC@A0<,140 140?>2KH0NI8< 14070I8I5==>BL 140!,140 140>B=>AOBAO:140

140251-140B5E=>;>388;140

140B5E=>;>388 140«140:;85=B-140A5@25@»140.140

140

140"5E=>;>388 140@0A?@545;5==>3> 140E@0=5=8O 14040==KE

14007>2K< 140@5H5=85< 1402 14040==>9 140>1;0AB8 140O2;O5BAO 140B5E=>;>38O 140R140A140I140D140.140 140­@8 140>@30=870F88 140R140A140I140D140 1402 140A8AB5<0E 140E@0=5=8O 14040==KE 140(140!%µ)140 1404>?>;=8B5;L=> 140: 14070I8B5 140F5;>AB=>AB8 14040==KE 1408<55BAO 140=5A:>;L:> 140DC=:F8>=0;L=KE 140?@58<CI5AB2,140 140>4=> 14087 140:>B>@KE 140 140A:>@>ABL 1404>ABC?0 140: 1408=D>@<0F88.140 141‑@30=870F8O 14148A:>2 1412 141R141A141I141D141 141 141MB> 141«141=86=55 141725=>»141,141 141?5@2K9 141MH5;>= 14170I8BK 1418=D>@<0F88 1418 141?>2KH5=8O 141A:>@>AB8 141>1@01>B:8.141 141! 141B>G:8 1417@5=8O 141?>;L7>20B5;O 1418;8 141­‑,141 141A:>@>ABL 141>?@545;O5BAO 141=5 141B>;L:> 141?@>?CA:=>9 141A?>A>1=>ABLN 141A8AB5<K 141(141109B/141A)141,141 141=> 1418 141G8A;>< 141B@0=70:F89 141 141B> 1415ABL 141G8A;>< 141>?5@0F89 14122>40-1412K2>40 1412 141548=8FC 1412@5<5=8 141(141I141O141P141S141)141.141 141#25;8G5=8N 141I141O141P141S141 141A?>A>1AB2C5B 1411>;LH55 141G8A;> 14148A:>2 1418 141<5B>48:8 141?>2KH5=8O 141?@>872>48B5;L=>AB8,141 141:>B>@K5 141?@54>AB02;O5B 141:>=B@>;;5@ 141R141A141I141D141 141(141: 141?@8<5@C,141 141:MH8@>20=85)141.141 141

1410 141A;54CNI5< 141C@>2=5 141=0E>4OBAO 141CAB@>9AB20 141N141A141S141 141(141N141e141t141w141o141r141k141 141A141t141t141a141c141h141e141d141 141S141t141o141r141a141g141e141)141 141 141CAB@>9AB20 141E@0=5=8O,141 141?>4:;NGQ==K5 141=0?@O<CN 1412 141A5BL.141 141N141A141S141-141CAB@>9AB20 141?@54AB02;ONB 14187 141A51O 141:><18=0F8N 141A8AB5<K 141E@0=5=8O 14140==KE 1418 141A5@25@0,141 141: 141:>B>@><C 141>=0 141?>4:;NG5=0 141(141@8A.141 1411141.14111415141)141.141 141

141141

141 8A.141 1411141.14111415141.141 141!8AB5<0 141E@0=5=8O 14140==KE 141N141A141S141

141

141N141A141S141-141CAB@>9AB20 141<>3CB 1411KBL 141?@>AB59H8<8 141-141 141A 141>4=8< 141?>@B>< 141e141t141h141e141r141n141e141t141 1418 14142C<O 1416QAB:8<8 14148A:0<8 1412 141R141A141I141D1411141,141 141?>72>;ONI8<8 1414>ABC? 141: 141D09;0< 141?> 141;8HL 141>4=><C 141?@>B>:>;C 142C142I142F142S142 142(142C142o142m142m142o142n142 142I142n142t142e142r142n142e142t142 142F142i142l142e142 142S142y142s142t142e142m142)142 1424> 142>3@><=KE 142A8AB5< 1422 142:>B>@KE 142<>3CB 1421KBL 142CAB0=>2;5=K 142A>B=8 1426QAB:8E 14248A:>2,142 1420 142D09;>2K9 1424>ABC? 142>15A?5G8205BAO 14245AOB:>< 142A?5F80;878@>20==KE 142A5@25@>2 1422=CB@8 142N142A142S142-142A8AB5<K.142 142'8A;> 1422=5H=8E 142E142t142h142e142r142n142e142t142-142?>@B>2 142<>65B 1424>AB830BL 142<=>38E 14245AOB:>2,142 1420 142Q<:>ABL 142E@0=8<KE 14240==KE 142 142=5A:>;L:> 142A>B5= 142B5@0109B.142 142N142A142S142-142CAB@>9AB20 142E>@>H8 1422 14235B5@>35==>9 142A@545,142 142345 142=5>1E>48< 1421KAB@K9 142D09;>2K9 1424>ABC? 142: 14240==K< 1424;O 142<=>38E 142:;85=B>2 142>4=>2@5<5==>.142 142"0:65 142>15A?5G8205BAO 142>B;8G=0O 142=04Q6=>ABL 142E@0=5=8O,142 142381:>ABL 142C?@02;5=8O 142A8AB5<>9 1428 142?@>AB>B0 142>1A;C6820=8O.142 142µ>ABC? 142: 142D09;0< 1422 142@0<:0E 142548=>9 142N142A142S142-142A8AB5<K 142<>65B 1421KBL 142?>;CG5= 142?> 142?@>B>:>;0< 142T142C142P142/142I142P142,142 142C142I142F142S142,142 142N142F142S142,142 142F142T142P142,142 142T142F142T142P142 1428 1424@C38<,142 142GB> 142>15A?5G8205B 142DC=:F8>=8@>20=85 142A 142@07;8G=K< 142‑!,142 142CAB0=>2;5==K<8 142=0 142A5@25@0E.142 142Q3:>ABL 142>1A;C6820=8O 1428 142381:>ABL 142C?@02;5=8O 142>15A?5G820NBAO 142A?5F80;878@>20==>9 142‑!,142 142:>B>@CN 142B@C4=> 1422K25AB8 14287 142AB@>O 1428 142=5 142=C6=> 142>1A;C6820BL,142 1420 142B0:65 142?@>AB>B>9 142@073@0=8G5=8O 142?@02 1424>ABC?0 142: 142D09;0<.142 142

142§I5 1421>;55 1422KA>:8< 142C@>2=5< 142O2;ONBAO 142A5B8 142E@0=5=8O 14240==KE 142(142S142A142N142 143-143 143S143t143o143r143a143g143e143 143A143r143e143a143 143N143e143t143w143o143r143k143)143,143 143:>B>@K5 143G0I5 1432A53> 143>A=>2K20NBAO 143=0 143AB5:5 143?@>B>:>;>2 143F143i143b143r143e143C143h143a143n143n143e143l143 1438 1432 143?@>AB59H5< 143A;CG05 143A>AB>OB 14387 143!%µ,143 143:><<CB0B>@>2 1438 143A5@25@>2,143 143>1J548=Q==KE 143>?B8G5A:8<8 143:0=0;0<8 143A2O78 143(143@8A.143 1431143.14311436143)143.143 143

143143

143 8A.143 1431143.14311436143.143 143!8AB5<0 143E@0=5=8O 14340==KE 143S143A143N143