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is also produced by the pharmacies which possess the proper names that include nouns with positive evaluation: "Pharmacy Rainbow", " Favourite Pharmacy."

Proper names of business corporations show the size of the enterprise differently, for example, with the help of words “park”, “centre”, “city”: Business Park, Business Centre, City Park, Voronezh City which represent the second word in the nomination. If components of a proper name are written with a hyphen then the words “park”, “centre”, “city” become the second component of a compound word.

Nowadays more and more proper names of travel agencies include the names of types of business enterprises in their nominations. Apparently, this provides the firm with credibility: Tanais Tourism Centre, Central Air Communications Agency, International Travel Agency, Travel Fair, Travel and Excursion Bureau.

We would like to give another example. The target audience of prospective buyers and users is defined differently in the nomination. Only proper names of stores of goods for children distinguish prospective buyers and users of goods [10]. But proper names of pharmacies in Voronezh do not reflect this phenomenon.

Penetration into the system of linguistic properties of words on signs reveals a number of their features that are difficult to explain in terms of the theory of nomination. For example, names of people (anthroponyms) or nicknames of animals (zoonyms) fit into the system of noun declension as they are classified by gender, number, and case. The structure of the components of a particular nomination is also permanent.

The nickname of an animal, as a rule, contains only one component: Ryzhik, Sharik. It is important to mention that nicknames of different animal species especially domestic ones do not coincide. Murka is always a cat, Zor'ka is a cow, Rex is the nickname for a dog.

Anthroponyms vary in a number of components according to the sphere of usage. For informal communication it is enough to use just the name, though for business communication it is traditionally accepted to call people by name and patronymic. But when we fill in documents all three components of our name are required i.e. our full name.

3.2. Communicative features proper names of business enterprises.

The system of proper names of business enterprises demonstrates another phenomenon which can be described with the following words: there are no quantitative restrictions on the component structure of a proper name. Let us give a few examples of proper names: "Fork" (cafe), "Healthy City" (pharmacy), "U Palycha" (cheese shop), "CLOTHES from Europe for all people " (clothing store). As we can see a number of components is increasing from one enterprise to another. Besides, in accordance with current spelling rules symbolic names of artifacts are written not only with a capital letter but also in quotation marks.

All the above-mentioned сan represent an argument in favor of the fact that the system language characteristics of proper names which are known to traditional linguistic do not cover all peculiarities of the properties that belong to nominations which we study.

A proper name of a business enterprise can be considered not so much a unit of nomination but rather a unit of communication between the seller and the buyer. Such communication is carried out under the conditions of time and space restriction for communicants. This explains its high informative value and specific impact strength.

A proper name as a verbal action is intended to make the buyer purchase the goods desired for the seller. However, the buyer should be aware of it as the fulfillment of his own wish, satisfaction of his own needs but not the seller’s instructions. For this reason so that the buyer instantly decides to acquire some commodity the thought and emotions must appear in his head right here and right now.

Due to this fact the units of the language are used not in the presentive but in the figurative meaning which requires energizing of personal capabilities of an individual for its reading and understanding. In order to activate mental and emotional sphere of prospective buyers advertising information is presented indirectly.

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For this reason the nominative basis of such a proper name belongs to one of the components of the nominal triad which looks as follows "the manufacturer / the seller – the product /the service –the buyer / the user". Linguistic means of a naming unit are chosen from those that transfer necessary information as much as possible. For a number of properties such nominations coincide not only with lexical units but also with titles of works or headlines.

Unlike other types of proper names they are written in quotation marks very rarely and selectively develop a system of accidence. As a rule, proper names are used in combination with the typical name of the business enterprise: let's go to the cafe “Fork”, bus stop at the cafe “Fork”, we will meet in the yard behind the cafe “Fork” and etc. All these nominations can be attributed to a group of semantic neologisms in the language. Perhaps some time later their language properties will change.

We would like to mention it once again. Proper names in different nominations correlate

with

a)the type of the business enterprise that is being named,

b)the characteristics of the authority of the manufacturer or the seller,

c)indicators of the high quality of the offered goods and services,

d)the ability to meet the needs of the buyer or to improve his living conditions.

3.3.Proper names of business enterprises as a zone of linguistic and speech interac-

tion.

According to the conceptual idea of proper names that was developed by linguists of Voronezh State Technical University such linguistic realities as a communicative act and the nominative triad are meaningfully correlated since communication takes place in communicative units and there is a great desire to represent a communication unit with the help of a proper name and a unit of the lexical level of the language. The communicative act describes the situation of verbal communication and its components which are the speaker – the speech product - the target audience. The nominative triad "decodes" this speech product as the option which reflects the goods and money relationship in the following components "the seller /the producer

– the product /the service – the buyer".

In other words, the theoretical basis of interpretation which the Voronezh State Technical University linguistic school follows can be found in the communication theory. According to this theory the speaker is presented as a namer who materializes instructions of the enterprise owner, the one who perceives as the target audience of prospective buyers, and the communicative act is understood as a speech work. And the contents of the latter is realized in the proper name of a business enterprise that implements one or more components of the nominative triad.

This approach offers a different way to conceive and to interpret the words on signs. The one-component proper name represented in the nominative demonstrates the properties of a nominal sentence: “A bow”, “Lyustrograd”, “Fork”. The word-combination built according to the model “the definition + the defined word” also refers to nominal sentences: “Healthy City”, “Seven Days”, “Bath Territory”. The word on sign based on the form type the preposition at + the noun in genitive case, for example, “At Palych”, “At the Poplar”, “At Uncle Kostya” can be interpreted as an elliptical sentence formed on the basis of free adverbial syntaxemes. Interjections are explained as substitutes of predictive structures “OH MAN!”. Predicative constructions can be found in the position of a proper name. They refer to one-member sentences, for example, “Buy it!”, “Clean it!”, “Be Healthy!” as well as to twomember sentences, for instance, " There's a job!", "It's Time to Eat."

The abovementioned structural types of proper names indicate that the nature of words on signs should be described not only according to the principles of the theory of nomination. We should also take into account the theory of communication. It is because of the tradition to consider proper names as nominative units with their content word features but predicative structures in this function offer an idea of neighbouring status of this class of nouns in the

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onomasiological area. These structures also promote the statement about “the unnatural origin” of the nomination process. However, the material shows that nominations interpreted as units of the lexical system represent a different level of the language hierarchy called predicative units.

As we know the history of proper names of all known types demonstrates the consciousness of their choice by those who form them. Moreover, we completely agree with the names that were invented by writers for their heroes. We recollect the following names with a smile: Lagshmivar, Vilena, Stalina or Tractor Ivanovich which were popular in the 30-s of the last century. They are vivid examples of “the unnatural origin” of nomination. Though they belong to a group of anthroponyms and can not refer to a group of proper names.

The peculiarity of proper names of business enterprises is that they are considered as the result of the professional activity performed by advertising experts. And the search of language elements that are able to transfer instructions of the author and the employer – the seller covers the entire system in synchrony and diachrony.

4. Proper names of business enterprises and style of advertising.

The class of new nominations develops in the Russian language simultaneously with the style of advertising and within this style. If we turn to the scientific facts about the English language we can see that proper names of shops, pharmacies and other enterprises have been available there for a long time. Recollections about proper names of domestic enterprises which existed last century indicate that other style and word-formation parameters of words on signs are possible.

Up to the present moment there is no systematic description of the dynamically developing style of advertising in linguistics. Meanwhile language experts study its separate features [9]. However, its aspects have already become obvious. They show the phenomenon that can be called “points of growth” of the system. For example, linguists have found out complex interaction of the style of advertising with the official style which covers proper names of different types of business enterprises. We would like to represent several linguistic facts.

Thus, a particular object is individualized not only by its proper name but also and more often by the nomination of the enterprise type. Therefore, the zone of originality in proper names of business enterprises constantly grows and covers an increasing number of components in the syntactic structure. Sphere of advertising requires the formation of new properties from the usual informative area.

Let us give examples from materials of the survey performed on students of Voronezh State Technical University in 2014.

Thus, the system of nominations which specify types of catering establishments such as cafes, restaurants and bars has become significantly more complicated.

A cafe is represented by the following seven patterns: a cafe, an art cafe, a cafe-pub, a cafe-bar, a pie cafe, an Italian cafe, a Soviet cafe.

We have identified six types of restaurants: a restaurant, a Japanese restaurant, a fastfood restaurant, a beer restaurant, a pub restaurant, an art show restaurant.

There are four kinds of bars: a bar, a disco bar, a sushi bar, a snack bar.

Other types of catering establishments are rare and unique: a tavern, a pub club, a pizzeria, a coffee shop, a teahouse; but the European eating house did not last long [13].

The search of linguistic and verbal means with high impact strength has brought advertising experts beyond the limits of standard language into spoken and jargon speech more than once. If such proper names on signs appeared (the Four Eyes optics store), then they existed for a very short time. All this proves that the style of advertising functions within the literary standard norms appropriate for a bookish way of speaking and does not accept colloquial elements of the language.

Since namers represent the profession of an advertising expert so they have different insight of the speech work which we call a proper name of a business enterprise. For them the

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text on the sign is an aspect of advertising design or creolised text.Therefore, use of graphics, combination of alphabets, color and font design of words on the signs become a linguistic problem.

Moreover, the trouble concerns not only linguistics. Double nominations also require legal assessment: Chaykhona - Chaykhana, Shaurma - Shaverma - Shavarma, as well as identity of proper names of business enterprises of different types. Thus, the proper name "Nympha" belongs to several companies in Voronezh, for example: 1 - a hotel, 2 – a shop of ceramic tile, 3 - an erotic massage salon; the proper name "Granat" represents 1 - an accounting firm and 2 - a teahouse. “The Bee” is a honey goods store, a children's leisure center and a cleaning company.

For a linguist the current situation can be explained by polysemy of the word which transfers into the class of proper names, and by the multiplicity of motivational processes. For a lawyer such nominative identity looks different.

We have already said that the choice of a proper name for a business enterprise is also understood as a process in modern linguistics. Thus, T.V. Shcherbakova in many ways shares the views of VSTU linguists on what we call "the communicative situation". Though the system of terms used her is significantly different from ours. We would like to give her statement but we will provide the quote with our comments along the way. We will present our comments in italics and put in square brackets.

T.V. Shcherbakova writes: “The components of the nomination process for a commercial enterprise [choice of a proper name] are the naming subject (the nominee) [the speaker, the communicant, the author], the naming unit (the word or the word-combination chosen by the nominee as the proper name) [the speech work], the named object (the enterprise established on commercial basis) [the business enterprise] and the recipient who perceives the proper name (the prospective consumer) [in this part our terms coincide]. The interaction of linguistic personalities of the nominee and the recipient is the organizing start of the nomination process. We turn to pragmatics and talk about the target instructions of the nominee, that is, his intentions or focus on the recipient (the prospective consumer of goods and services) as well as on the illocutionary force [manipulating effect] of the language units chosen by him for the proper name”[4].

In our opinion, the option of combining the characteristics of communication and nomination in one definition does not provide clarity to understanding the specific nature of each of them.

5. Linguistics of proper names of business enterprises and traditional conceptual ideas of science

The science about proper names of business enterprises considerably supplements traditional lexicology since it provides material for understanding the level nature of lexical semantics. At the same time it was discovered that long standing classifications focused on “semantic groups”, “semantic fields” and other intralinguistic unities of lexemes which are distinguished on the basis of their presentive meanings are not sufficient to explain the formation of the cluster of linguistic nominative units which emerge in the style of advertising in the sphere of nominations on the signs. According to the material which is being studied they are based not so much on their primary, presentive meanings. What really plays an important role in their formation is secondary, derived meanings of corresponding lexemes.

The secondary nature of semantics which is also called the conventionality of a proper name shows itself in units of different subclasses in various ways. At the same time a proper name always preserves motivation of the transition of presentive and feature names as well as naming units of other categories and nominative word-combinations into this subclass.

For this reason it would be more accurate to say that in contrast to naming units of other categories proper names of business enterprises simultaneously possess developing two-level semantics. On the one hand, such nominations individualize the object among the number of

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the same typed ones. But on the other, they definitely contain information about the type of the object. For example, the proper name of the store “The Easy Step” informs that it sells shoes, the proper name “The Healthy City” sorts out the business enterprise with pharmacies and “Crossroads” is easily associated with a supermarket.

A new variant of system relations can be observed between proper names of the same type of business enterprises. Thus, proper names of souvenir shops “The Gift Box” - “Aristocrat” - “Bantik”, proper names of grocery stores “Nekrasovsky” - “The Green Island” -

“CentrTorg”, proper names of shopping centres “Arena "- "The Gallery of Chizhov "- "The Sunny Paradise" turn to be systematically connected in the language of advertising. Though it is difficult to describe their intralinguistic relations with the help of traditional terms of the system analysis of vocabulary.

In the course of our research we can observe the phenomenon of polysemy between different categories of proper names (which can be considered as a type of two-level semantics in the style of advertising). The same words can be used as common nouns and form proper names. Thus, the word “house” may denote the type of trade enterprise the house of shoes

(“Tofa”), be the component of the proper name of the pharmacy “LLC Pharmacy House” (this example has already been mentioned in the article) or the orthopedic products store called “The Healthy House”. Besides, the word “passage” represents the proper name of the hotel, clothing store and at the same time denotes the type of commercial enterprise called the passage “ Sunny Paradise ”.

Moreover, motivating features of choosing a proper name are constantly changing. Thus,

“The Nekrasovsky” and “The Matrosovsky” grocery stores are named after their location as they are situated near public transport stops with corresponding names: for example, “The Nekrasovsky” grocery store is located in the street named after 20th anniversary of October, and Nekrasov Street crosses it near the bus stop.

The hypermarket “Moscow Prospect” or the restaurant of homemade food “ Kirovsky” receive their proper names after their location too. But this time proper names are based not on the name of the stop, they are formed with the help of the toponym which is the name of the street where each of them is located. As we see the grounds for the nomination have changed but the genetic relationship with the reference to space has been preserved.

We would like to provide another example. A flower shop can get a proper name according to a broad range of goods “OCEAN of flowers” or else it can be called after one of types of flowers “Phlox”. Due to the same principle of nomination after one type of commodities the shop of goods for needlework is named “Muline”, children's toy shop is called “The Baby Crocodile”. We can continue enumerating this row of proper names.

The abovementioned examples of innovative lexical subsystems emphasise that with serious differences in the motivating grounds for choosing a proper name the priority is given to commonality of the type of object of nomination. The complexity of lexical semantics of a separate nomination and of a specific subsystem as a whole coexists with plurality of motivating features. For this reason many aspects of the nominative process of naming units which appear in the advertising style remain the prospect of the language science.

Conclusion

There is no doubt that the emerging system of proper names of business enterprises also contains contradictions. In this regard it is appropriate to speak about the leading motivation for its development. Firstly such motivation can be represented with the system property of semantics of the language i.e. fundamental polysemy of lexical and even syntactic units. It is true that the tradition of science requires to associate different meanings of units with various conditions of their usage. Therefore, polysemy is considered as the potential of the language.

Secondly, the intrasystem plurality of variants, “ways” of movement of semantics from something particular to something abstract adds dynamics to the process. Therefore, the term

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system which can describe the origin of figurative meanings is not enough to characterize the dynamic state of the semantic sphere of the language nowadays.

Thirdly, the role of the human factor significantly increases. It includes cultural and linguistic priorities which particular experts of naming develop in the course of synchrony dynamics as well as nominative trends of the moment in which the nomination is performed.

Thus, proper names of business enterprises belong to quite a new area of the language research. The difficulties of interpreting linguistic facts are due to the dual nature of the nomination. It combines the properties of a nominative unit from the category of proper names and a communicative unit which is aimed to stimulate non-verbal actions of the target audience, we mean those actions that are necessary for the seller, under the conditions of separation of communicants in time and space. The sphere of functioning of proper names of business enterprises is the style of advertising which is only being formed, therefore its complex description still remains in plans of linguists. The term system for scientific identification of linguistic facts is only developing. Efficient techniques that take into account duality of the nature of linguistic realities of the indicated type in the course of analysis are only being worked out. Therefore, the study that focuses on the properties of proper names in all their nominative and communicative completeness remains the prospect of linguistics.

References

[1]Zolotova G.A. Ocherk funkcional'nogo sintaksisa russkogo yazyka. M.: Nauka, 1973. 351 s. [ s. 69-72].

[2]Lapinskaya I.P. CHto v imeni?: monografiya / I.P. Lapinskaya, M.A. Denisova, Sorokina i dr., Voronezh, 2016. -219s.

[3]Kozlov R.I.. Ergourbonimy kak novyj razryad gorodskoj onomastiki: dissertaciya

... kandidata filologicheskih nauk. Ekaterinburg, 2000. - 151 s.

[4]SHCHerbakova T.V. Iskusstvennaya nominaciya kommercheskih predpriyatij: na materiale tyumenskih naimenovanij : dissertaciya ... kandidata filologicheskih nauk. Tyumen', 2009.- 195 s.

[5]Emel'yanova A.M. EHrgonimy v lingvisticheskom landshafte poliehtnicheskogo goroda (na primere nazvanij delovyh, kommercheskih, kul'turnyh, sportivnyh ob"ektov g. Ufy): dissertaciya... kandidata filologicheskih nauk. Ufa, 2007. -170 s.

[6]Starodubceva V.V. Nominaciya vnutrigorodskih predpriyatij i uchrezhdenij v sovremennom russkom yazyke (Na materiale ojkodomonimov g. Ul'yanovska) : Dis. ... kand. filol. nauk. Moskva, 2003. - 216 c.

[7]Astaf'eva I.A. Sposoby nominacii v rechevoj sitaucii goroda: Dis. ... kand. filol. nauk. Moskva, 1996. - 148 s.

[8]Nosenko N.V. Nazvaniya gorodskih ob"ektov Novosibirska: strukturnosemanticheskij i kommunikativno-pragmaticheskij aspekty: dissertaciya ... kandidata filologicheskih nauk. Novosibirsk, 2007.- 218 s.

[9]Lapinskaya I.P. Stil' reklamy: rechevye formy: monografiya / I.P. Lapinskaya, M.A. Denisova, O.V.Gosteva i dr., Voronezh, 2016. -161s.

[10]Manukovskaya M.A Faktor adresata v imenah sobstvennyh magazinov tovarov dlya detej v g. Voronezhe. Vestnik VGU. Seriya: Filologiya. ZHurnalistika, 2017. № 4.

Oktyabr' – dekabr'. – S. 104-106.

[11]Manukovskaya M.A., Lapinskaya I.P. Imena sobstvennye biznes-ob"ektov: nazvaniya magazinov detskih tovarov v Voronezhe. //Filologicheskie nauki: voprosy teorii i praktiki. Nauchno-teoreticheskij i prikladnoj zhurnal. Tambov: Gramota, 2016. № 2(56): v 2-h ch. CH.2. S.111-113.

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[12]Manukovskaya M.A Imena sobstvennye magazinov detskih tovarov v Voronezhe i Birmingeme: sopostavitel'nyj analiz. // Stil' reklamy: rechevye formy: monografiya / I.P. Lapinskaya, M.A. Denisova , O.V. Gosteva i dr.; pod red. I.P. Lapinskoj . – Voronezh: FGBOU

VO «Voronezhskij gosudarstvennyj tekhnicheskij universitet», 2016. – S. 69-76.

[13]Lapinskaya I.P., Denisova M.A. Stil' reklamy: navigacii sociuma i potencial kul'tury //Aktual'nye problemy professional'nogo obrazovaniya: celi, zadachi i perspektivy razvitiya [Tekst]: sbornik nauchnyh statej po materialam 15-oj vserossijskoj zaochnoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii. – Voronezh: Izdatel'sko-poligraficheskij centr «Nauchnaya kniga», 2017. – 250 s.

UDC 821.112.2

PSYCHO-SOMATIC FRAME “TEARS” AS AN INDICATOR OF EMOTIONAL

CONDITIONS IN THE GERMAN LANGUAGE ARTISTIC DISCOURSE

О.V. Kuznetsova

___________________________________________________________________________

Voronezh State Pedagogical University

Candidate of philological science, assistant professor of the Chair of the German language

Olga Valeryevna Kuznetsova e-mail: olga_gunkina@mail.ru

____________________________________________________________________________

Statement of the problem. The article analyzes the frame representation of the concept “Tränen” (“Tears”) on the material of well-known German-language works of art in order to identify and describe the spectrum of emotions that are in the area of cognitive interaction with this concept in the individual author's conceptual sphere of Germanspeaking writers. Much attention is also paid to the description of the slots that structure the “Tränen” semantic frame.

Results. It is established that the psychosomatic frame “Tränen” interacts with a wide range of emotions and psy- cho-emotional states of a person, as well as their various shades and nuances in the German-speaking artistic concept sphere. At the same time, the estimated classification of “tears” varies from pejorative to meliorative. The study showed that the relevant characteristic of the concept “Tränen” is their intertextual ambivalence. In a significant layer of contexts and scenarios analyzed from the point of view of their estimated reception, the absence of only negative or only positive perception of events or phenomena was revealed. The ambivalence of "tears" in the artistic picture of the world of German-speaking authors proves the presence of a wide variety of identified semantic slots that structure the frame "Tränen".

Conclusion. The concept of “Tränen” closely interacts with the emotional concept sphere in the German-speaking artistic picture of the world and acts as an indicator on the psychoemotional experiences and states of a person. As a result, the basic slots of the “Tränen” semantic frame were revealed, which reveal a physiological, reflective, aesthetic, philosophical, social, value direction, which makes it possible to present the most complete classification of the sought-for phenomenon in the German-speaking artistic picture of the world.

Key words: artistic picture of the world, emotional picture of the world, concept sphere, concept, frame, subframe, slot, subslot.

For citation: Kuznetsova О.V. Psycho-somatic frame “TEARS” as an indicator of emotional conditions in the German language artistic discourse / О.V. Kuznetsova // Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical- and-didactic Researches”. – 2019. - №1 (24). – P. 20-30

Introduction

Human emotions are complex mental processes. Person's feelings, his psycho-emotional states - be it anger, disappointment, despair, resentment or, on the contrary, joy, happiness, satisfaction - this is not only a reflection of the individual’s perception of the surrounding reality, but also an individual attitude to what is happening, the nature of human interaction with the

______________________

© Kuznetsova О.V., 2019

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outside world. However, “there is a relative identity, the identity of the verbalization of the psychological state in different languages. This is explained by the fact that all the most significant ideas and ideas of people go back to archetypes” [1, p. 243]. At the same time, as

A. Wezhbitskaya notes: “Each language imposes its own classification on the person’s emotional experience” [2, p. 334]. According to some scholars, emotions are not universal, but ethnospecific: the ability to experience emotions depends on the type of culture, a person’s belonging to one or another ethnos; others believe that any emotion is experienced by a person, regardless of his nationality [3]. There is also a point of view according to which emotions are universal, but socialized in a particular culture, in a specific ethnos in the form of concepts that are ethnospecific, since they function symbolically in a specific national cultural and linguistic environment [4].

It should be noted that modern psychologists say that the overwhelming majority of human emotions are negative emotions [5; 6]. The prevalence of the negative spectrum in the emotive lexicon of the language is due to the peculiarity of human consciousness and language to divide the negative image more fractionally and carefully than the positive one, which is perceived as the norm [1, p. 209].

The emotional palette of a person’s experiences, regardless of his ethnicity, is very diverse, but emotions are often not directly observable. One of the indicators of strong emotional experiences is such a unique psychosomatic phenomenon as tears. And if emotional concepts are already quite well studied by modern linguists [1; 4; 7; 8], then such an important symptom of a person's psycho-emotional states as "tears" has not yet been considered systemically. However, the concept of "Tears", in turn, is a vivid example of the interaction of the abstract and the physical. Thus, the study of this phenomenon from the perspective of linguistics makes it possible to supplement information about the emotional picture of the world.

Reseach methodology

In this article, the object of research is the concept of "Tränen" in the emotionalaxiological aspect. The subject of the research is the language representations of the concept of “Tränen” in the German-speaking artistic discourse. Examples were taken by continuous sampling from famous works of art by German-speaking authors from different eras, from classical literature (Lessing, Goethe, Heine, etc.) to literature of a lost generation (Remark, Frisch,

Grass, etc.). The cognitive correlations of the Tränen concept with emotional concepts are also considered, which is reflected in the frame structure of the concept. The identified main means of language objectification of the concept “Tränen” in German-speaking artistic discourse include substantive lexemes (‘die Träne [-n]’, 'die Tropfe [-n] ’) and verbal, such as:‘ weinen ’,' beweinen '. Nevertheless, the distributional analysis of the lexemes-representatives of the concept “Tränen” showed that in most of the analyzed contexts, “tears” are objectified in German as a process. A significant role in the representation of the cognitive signs of the Tränen concept is played by the metaphor. It was found that perceptual (‘heiße Tränen’- burning tears) and artifact (Kullertränen - balls of tears for children's games) are relevant in the German-speaking artistic picture of the world and the metaphorical image of tears.

Reseach results

A comprehensive analysis of the language objectivization of the concept of “Tränen” in

German-speaking artistic discourse showed that this concept has a frame structure. Frame semantics as a linguistic concept was first proposed by C. Fillmore in the mid-70s. A frame is a knowledge structure that contains basic or potentially possible information related to one or another concept. Frames are stored and created in the memory of a person as needed from the information contained in the memory [9, p. 54]. According to N.N. Boldyrev, frame - a model of everyday knowledge about the basic concepts. The frame, or cognitive context, is a model of culturally conditioned or canonized knowledge, which is common, at least for a part of the speaking community [10, p. 33]. Structuring concepts in the form of frames allows you to identify their cognitive signs and group these signs into slots and subslots.

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And, indeed, the phenomenon of “tears”, on the one hand, is a universal phenomenon, verbalized in the linguocultural space of carriers of any of the languages taken on the planet, but having, on the other hand, a heterogeneous structure that can be represented as hierarchical.

The reason for such heterogeneity lies in the variation of the causative dominant of “tears”. Being an umbrella concept, the Tränen concept incorporates stereotypical knowledge

about emotional states, people's experiences, as well as whole scenarios in which this mental unit is actualized. Moreover, the spectrum of verbalized emotional experiences in the German language is marked by breadth and diversity. Nevertheless, they all form 6 basic levels: 1) the emotional-psychological level - the level that reflects the interaction of the “Tränen” concept with a certain emotion; 2) emotional and physiological level - it represents the connection not only with the emotional, but also with the physical sphere, for example, with physical pain, or other bodily sensations; 3) the emotional-reflective level - conveys the connection of the phenomenon of "tears" with the reactions of a person to a particular phenomenon, action or event;

4) the value level (when “tears” are identified with the price or price for something, for example, payment for sins); 5) philosophical and social level - combines the cognitive signs of the philosophical orientation of "tears", or their connection with social phenomena; 6) the naturomorphic level, indicating the relationship of the phenomenon of "tears" with nature. Two other levels - kinetic and extreme - have a separate, universal position and correlate with all the above levels, which are directly related to their causative dominant. Thus, the kinetic level represents the dynamic features of the Tränen frame; Extreme level, as well as kinetic, shows the degree of strength, intensity of this phenomenon and is associated with the strength of the psy- cho-emotional state. Moreover, it should be noted that all the identified levels do not have clear boundaries, their interpenetration and interaction are sometimes observed. This proves the presence of repetitive slots. For each level (subframe) contains a set of certain slots, and in some cases, subslots. Consider what slots fill the listed levels:

1) emotional and psychological level:

• tears of joy (Freude), for example:

«Er versprach sich eine so überirdische himmlische Tröstung beim Genuß des Abendmahls, daß er schon im voraus F r e u d e n t r ä n e n darüber vergoß…» [1*, p. 73];

• tears of bliss (Wonne):

"Niemand hat wohl mehr die W o n n e der T r ä n e n [the joy ofgrief] empfunden ..." [1 *, p. 99];

• tears of happiness (Glück), for example:

“Ach! wir b e w e i n e n, Meister, dein G lü c k! ”[2 *, p. 74];

• tears of longing (Wehmut, Sehnen), for example:

«…dann erwachte auf einmal alle seine S e h n s u c h t wieder, und der Ausdruck ‘die Höhen der Vernunft‘ preßte ihm T r ä n e n der W e h m u t aus den Augen» [1*, p. 86];

• tears of sorrow (Traurigkeit), for example:

“Du t r a u e r s t mich, und ich möchte blutige T r ä n e n weinen” [3 *, p. 234];

• tears of horror (Entsetzen). Compare:

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (24), 2019 ISSN 2587-8093

"Nur mit E n t s e t z e n wach ich morgens auf, / Ich möchte bittre T r ä n e n weinen ..." [2 *, p. 124];

• shy tears from sympathy, pity of others (schändlich weinen), for example:

"Warum soll ich des M i t l e i d s Stimme hören 'Und w e i n e n s c h ä n d l i c h über mich? [1 *, s. 318];

• tears - giving up hope, for example:

"Ganze Nächte durch weinte r oft, wenn er gehört hatte, daß der Arzt die H o f f n u n g zur Genesung a f f a b a b" [1 *, p. 93];

• absence of tears as a sign of indifference (kalt) and alienation (fremd), for example:

«Der Abschied aus Hannover preßte ihm keine Träne aus, sondern er war dabei fast so k a l t und u n b e w e g t, als ob er durch eine fremde Stadt gereist wäre…» [1*, p. 325326];

2) emotional and physiological level:

• tears - pain. Compare:

“T r ä n e n und Bitten halfen nichts, [...], und je höher er nun rückte, desto größer ward sein S ch m e r z” [1 *, p. 43];

• tears - heartache, for example:

“… Ich fühlte die T r ä n e n Pats auf meinem H e r z e n, als blute dort eine W u n d e” [4

*, p. 344].

• bloody tears, for example:

“b l u t i g e T r ä n e n weinen” [3 *, p. 234];

• there are tears, for example:

“… Jede Mahlzeit würde ihm zugezählt, und Anton mußte oft im eigentlichen Verstande sein Brot mit T r ä n e n e s s e n” [1 *, p. 93-94];

• bitter tears, for example:

“Ich möchte b i t t r e Tränen weinen ...” [2 *, p. 124];

• hot tears, namely:

“Unter Tausend h e i ß e n Träne n” [2 *, p. 90];

• cold tears, for example:

“… K a l t e Tränen liefen ihm herunter, sie erstarrten ihm an den Wangen” [5 *, p.122];

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