Массоперенос трития в трехконтурной ЯЭУ
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Массоперенос трития в трехконтурной ЯЭУ
С д у в к а и з б о к с о в с |
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х о л о д н ы м и л о в у ш к а м и |
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Х Л - 1 |
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Х Л - 1 |
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J |
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Н |
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Х Л - 1 |
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Kпр (С2 |
С1 |
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С д у в к а и з м е ж к о р п у с н о г о |
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З а щ и т н ы й г а з (а р г о н ) |
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JT KT |
(СT |
СT ) |
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п р с т р а н с т в а |
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Б а к |
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р е а к т о р а |
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C Kc P |
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П Т О |
П Т О |
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П Т О |
П Т О |
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С |
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П Т О П Т О |
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Jлс G |
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Свых ) G |
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(С |
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Т |
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СН |
П е т л я I I к о н т у р а |
П е т л я I I к о н т у р а |
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П е т л я I I к о н т у р а |
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Х Л - 2 |
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Х Л - 2 |
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Х Л - 2 |
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JTли КИСТ |
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П Г |
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П Г |
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П Г |
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КИ kiSл Na |
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k = 1,9 10-4 m/s |
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П а р |
В о д а |
П а р |
В о д а |
П а р |
В о д а |
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Р и с . 1 . 2 . С х е м а |
к о н т у р о в |
у с т а н о в к и Б Н - 6 0 0 |
( П Т О - |
п р о м е ж у т о ч н ы й |
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23 |
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т е п л о о б м е н н и к ; Х Л - 1 и Х Л - 2 - х о л о д н ы е л о в у ш к и п е р в о г о и в т о р о г о к о н т у р о в ; |
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П Г - п а р о г е н е р а т о р ) . |
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Массоперенос трития в трехконтурной ЯЭУ
The equations of hydrogen and tritium balance in primary sodium
M 1 |
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dC1T |
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1K |
TK |
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1 ССЛ 1 M 1 C1T K |
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QT KT C1T |
KT ( C1T |
C 2T |
) G Л 1 Л 1С1Т |
И C1T |
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1Н |
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dC1H |
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1K |
TK |
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M1 |
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Q1H K H C1H K H (C1H C 2H ) G Л1 Л1 (С1Н С Л1 ) |
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M1 |
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– sodium weight in primary circuit, kg; |
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C1T, C1H, C2Ti, C2Hi – tritium and hydrogen concentration in primary sodium and their concentration in coolant of secondary i-loop, kg / kg;
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– time, s; |
QT, Q1H |
– productivity of hydrogen and tritium sources in primary circuit, kg/s; |
KT1K, KН1K, KTТKi, KНТKi – tritium and hydrogen permeability coefficients of primary circuit walls (reactor tank, pipelines and equipment) and intermediate heat exchanger of i-loop of secondary circuit, kg/s;
КИ |
– cold trap isotope exchange coefficient; |
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GЛ1 |
– primary cold traps sodium flow rate (total), kg/s; |
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Л1 |
– efficiency of primary cold trap; |
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СЛ1 |
– hydrogen saturation in sodium at primary cold trap temperature kg/kg; |
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– tritium disintegration constant,1/s. |
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Массоперенос трития в трехконтурной ЯЭУ
The equations of hydrogen and tritium balance in secondary sodium
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dC2Ti |
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TKi |
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C |
KИС2Тi |
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M2i |
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KT2Ki KTПГi C2Ti |
KT C1T C2Ti GЛ2i Л2iC2Ti |
1 CЛ2i |
M2iC2Ti |
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2Hi |
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dC2Hi |
2Ki |
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TKi |
C1H C2Hi GЛ2i Л2i |
C2Hi CЛ2i |
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M2i |
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Q2Hi KH |
C2Hi |
KH |
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M2i
GЛ2i
Q2Нi
sodium weight in i-loop of primary circuit, kg;
secondary cold traps sodium flow rate, kg/s;
productivity of hydrogen source in i-loop of secondary circuit, kg/s;
KT2Ki, KН2Ki tritium and hydrogen permeability coefficients of i-loop walls of secondary circuit;
K ПГi |
tritium permeability coefficients of steam generator walls of i-loop |
T |
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The initial data of BN-600
Parameters |
Design |
Dimensio |
BN-600 |
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n |
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Thermal capacity of reactor |
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MWt |
1470 |
Number of secondary circuit loops |
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3 |
Number of intermediate heat exchangers |
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6 |
Quantity of sodium: 1circuit |
М1 |
kg |
900000 |
2 circuit (on one loop) |
М2 |
kg |
300000 |
Sources: Tritium |
QT |
kg/s |
-11 |
5,2 10 |
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Hydrogen in 1 circuit |
Q1H |
kg/s |
10-8 |
Hydrogen in 2 circuit (on three loops of |
Q2H |
kg/s |
-7 |
2 10 |
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BN-600) |
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Hydrogen permeability coefficients: |
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Intermediate heat exchanger (on three |
K HTK |
kg/s |
0,25 |
loops of BN-600) |
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Steam generator (on three loops) |
KHПГ |
kg/s |
0,02 |
The reactor vessel, pipelines and the |
K H1K |
kg/s |
10-5 |
equipment of the primary circuit |
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7×10-4 |
Pipelines and the equipment of secondary |
KH2K |
kg/s |
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circuit |
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Cold traps (CT): the primary circuit |
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pieces |
3 |
The secondary circuit (on one loop) |
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pieces |
1 |
Temperature in CT: the primary circuit |
Т1 |
oC |
120 |
the secondary circuit |
Т2 |
оС |
120 |
Flow rate of CT: primary circuit on all |
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traps |
G1 |
kg/s |
2,78 |
secondary circuit (on one trap) |
G2i |
kg/s |
1,11 |
Efficiency of cold trap: primary CT |
1 |
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0,8 |
secondary CT |
2 |
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0,8 |
The flow rate of additional charging by |
GA |
Kg/s |
6,95×10-6 |
argon |
V3 |
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The third circuit: quantity of water |
t |
100-200 |
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Central heating |
GВ |
t/h |
60-70 |
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Массоперенос трития в трехконтурной ЯЭУ
Results of calculation
Time dependence of tritium concentration in primary sodium
Tritium concentration in primary sodium, Bq/kg
2 107
1
1.5
107
1
107
5 106 |
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0 |
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0 |
10 |
20 |
30 |
40 |
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60 |
70 |
80 |
90 100 |
Change of tritium concentration in primary sodium of BN-600 (1) and Phenix (2) after start of installations.
Time, day |
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Tritium mass transfer in NPP
Results of calculation
Tritium contamination of LMFBR coolants
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BN-600 |
Phenix |
Dimension |
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H2 |
in sodium |
7.08 |
6.5 |
10-8 kg/kg |
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of 1 circuit |
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H2 |
in sodium |
12.9 |
7.1 |
10-8 kg/kg |
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of 2 circuit |
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T2 |
in sodium |
33300 |
4480 |
Bq/g |
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of 1 circuit |
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T2 |
in sodium |
4880 |
1220 |
Bq/g |
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of 2 circuit |
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Tritium mass transfer in NPP
Results of calculation
Tritium fluxes in BN-600
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Tritium flux, Bq/s |
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Nominal |
Primary |
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mode |
cold traps |
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operation |
are cut off |
Primary cold traps |
11.57 106 |
0 |
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Secondary cold traps (3 loops) |
6.97 106 |
1.83 107 |
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IHX (3 loops) |
7.11 106 |
1.87 107 |
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SG (3 loops) |
9.70 104 |
2.44 105 |
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Primary vessel and equipment |
3.34 103 |
8.62 103 |
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Pipelines and equipment of the secondary circuit |
3.41 104 |
8.62 104 |
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Tritium mass transfer in NPP
Results of calculation
•in an atmosphere through circuits walls on nominal parameters is 2.2 TBq/GWte year (below allowable tritium activity)
•in the third circuit is 3 TBq/GWte year
•~ 99 % tritium formed in BN-600 during operation collected in cold traps
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Массоперенос трития в трехконтурной ЯЭУ
Tritium concentration in water of 3-rd circuit loops C3T
V dC3T K3TK C C G C
d T 2T 3T B 3T
C3T , Bq/l
Концентрация трития в воде
3-го контура, Бк/л
1.5 |
10 4 |
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104 |
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5000 |
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3 |
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2 |
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0 |
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0 |
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90 |
100 |
V – volume of water in a loop of the third circuit; GВ – water flow rate on a loop
Experimental data BN-600 8.1 103 Bq/liter
Permissible level 0.011 Bq/liter
Время, сутки |
, day |
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1 and 2 – BN-600 in heating system 10 t/h and 50 t/h |
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3 – Phenix in heating system 14 t/h |
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Case study application : X = Na & Y = scCO2 (SMFR)
•Gas / steam turbine
•X=Na, Y=scCO2, for Braigthon cycle (SMFR)
Ar |
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Na |
Na |
scCO2 |
~ |
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Core |
IHX |
HX |
Turbine |
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(SG) |
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JL. COUROUAU - Tritium in SFR |
Obninsk, Sept. 2006 |
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