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2. |
Место (возле, рядом) |
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He was standing by the window. |
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Время (к какому-то моменту) |
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He had already come by 3 p.m. |
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of |
Соответствует |
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родительному |
All the students of this group passed |
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падежу (кого? чего?) |
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the examination perfectly. |
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between |
Местоположение |
(между двумя |
The father divided the apples |
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объектами) |
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between his 2 sons. |
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among |
Местоположение |
(между |
The father divided the apples |
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несколькими |
предметами |
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among his sons. |
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объектами) |
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4. Прочитайте и переведите текст:
THE FOUR-STROKE CYCLE.
1.In most engines a single cycle of operation (intake, compression, power, and exhaust) takes place over four strokes of a piston, made in two engine revolution. When an engine has more than one cylinder the cycles are evenly staggered for smooth operation, but each cylinder will go through a full cycle in any two engine revolutions. When the piston is at the top of the cylinder at the beginning of the intake stroke, the intake valve opens and the descending piston draws in the air-fuel mixture.
2.At the bottom of the stroke the intake valve closes and the piston starts upward on the compression stroke, during what it squeezes the air-fuel mixture into a small space at the top of the cylinder. The ratio of the volume of the cylinder when the piston is at the bottom to the volume when the piston is at the top is called the compression ratio. The higher the compression ratio, the more powerful the engine and the higher its efficiency. However, in order to accommodate air pollution control devices, manufacturers have had to lower compression ratios.
3.Just before the piston reaches the top again, the spark plug fires, igniting the air-fuel mixture. The mixture on burning becomes a hot, expanding gas forcing the piston down on its power stroke. Burning should be smooth and controlled. Faster, uncontrolled burning sometimes occurs when hot spots in the cylinder preignite the mixture, these explosions are called engine knock and cause loss of power. As the piston reaches the bottom, the exhaust valve opens, allowing the piston to force the
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combustion products – mainly carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and unburned hydrocarbons – out of the cylinder during the upward exhaust stroke.
5.Ответьте на вопросы:
1.How many strokes does the single cycle of operation in most engines consist of?
2.What are they?
3.What is done for smooth operation of an engine?
4.What happens when the intake valve opens?
5.How is the efficiency of an engine proportional to the compression ratio?
6.Why have the manufacturers had to lower compression ratio?
6. Согласитесь с утверждением или опровергните высказывание:
1.In most engines a single cycle of operation is made in one engine revolution.
2.When the piston is at the top of the cylinder, the intake valve closes.
3.Just before the piston reaches the top again, the spark plug fires.
4.Burning should not be smooth and controlled.
5.As the piston reaches the bottom, the exhaust valve opens.
6.The piston forces the combustion products out of the cylinder during the upward exhaust stroke.
7. Закончите следующие предложения:
1.The text is devoted to …(invention of an engine; description of the engine’s operation cycle; the construction of the internal-combustion engine).
2.From the text we learn about …(the number of strokes in an engine; the work of an engine; the connection between the engine power and the compression ratio).
3.The last part of the text informs us about …(the exhaust stroke; the compression stroke; pre-ignition of the air-fuel mixture).
8.Выберите нужную форму местоимения:
1.Hi! I’m Irene and this is Yuri! … are from Russia.
2.I can’t do this exercise. Can you help …?
3.Where are Ann and Sam? I’ve got books for …
4.Where’s my book? I can’t find …
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5.This book is for Helen. Give … to …
6.Steve has a problem with his Maths. Can you help …?
7.He wrote this letter. I recognized … by his handwriting.
8.Who is that woman? Why are you looking at …?
9.Do you know that man? I work with …
10.I’m talking to you. Please, listen to …
11.Where are the tickets? I can’t find …
12.Look here. In … newspaper there is a picture of my favorite sportsman.
13.Which flowers do you want? … or …?
14.… day was the worst of his life.
15.… was the biggest mistake in his life.
16.What are you doing … Sunday?
17.Hello, … is Mr Cook. Can I speak to Mr Brown, please?
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9. Выберите нужную форму предлога: |
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1.________ the morning |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
2. ________ Sunday |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
3. ________ midnight |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
4) |
_________ November 9th |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
5) |
________ 7.30 |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
6) |
_________ Monday morning |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
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________ spring |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
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________ 1949 |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
9) |
_______ the 19th century |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
10) _______ the weekend
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
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My birthday is _______ April |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
12) |
I’ve got computer _________ home |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4)near |
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―Where is the book?‖ ―It’s _________ the shelf‖ |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
14) |
Tom lives _________ Scotland |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
15) |
There are three pictures _______ the wall |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
16) |
I have a flat ______ |
the fifth floor of an apartment block. |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) on |
4) near |
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My friend Nick lives _______ me in a flat on the sixth floor |
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1) in |
2) at |
3) with |
4) on |
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There’s a train tunnel ________ my house. |
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1) on |
2) near |
3) with |
4) at |
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Can I have a room ______a shower, please. |
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1) on |
2) in front of |
3) with |
4) at |
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Andrew lives ______ a house. |
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1) on |
2) of |
3) in |
4) at |
21) |
There's a tunnel ______ the river. |
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1) under |
2) above |
3) over |
4) on |
22) |
She's always talking _____ the same things. |
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1) at |
2) above |
3) over |
4) about |
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There are big differences _____ the British and Russian political systems. |
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1) at |
2) above |
3) over |
4)between |
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―Where is my book? ‖ ― _____ your bag.‖ |
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1) at |
2) above |
3) over |
4) in |
25) |
They usually travel ____train. |
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1) in |
2) above |
3) over |
4) by |
26) |
Sam left the house at 6.00 and walked ___ the cinema. |
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1) to |
2) in |
3) on |
4) for |
27) |
His birthday is on the 9th ___ November. |
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1) at |
2) in |
3) of |
4)for |
Рекомендуемая литература по теме (из списка): 1ОЛ (с.43-78), 1ДЛ
(с.8-11), 3 ДЛ (с.11-15), 3-5 ДЛ.
МОДУЛЬ 3
1. Выучите слова и словосочетания по теме:
Tire air pressure |
давление воздуха в |
oil |
масло |
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шинах |
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vehicle |
транспортное |
to check |
проверять |
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средство |
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brake |
тормоз |
engine |
двигатель |
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brake fluid |
тормозная жидкость |
high speed |
высокая скорость |
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2. Повторите правила употребления вопросительных и неопределенных местоимений в английском языке. Приведите примеры, используя выученную лексику.
Вопросительные местоимения
Эти местоимения употребляются в вопросительных предложениях.
What (что, какой, какая, какое, какие)
What is it? Что это такое? What book is it? Какая это книга?
Who (кто)
Who is this man? Кто этот человек?
Whose (чей)
Whose pencil is it? Чей это карандаш?
Which (который)
Which of these books is yours? Которая из этих книг твоя?
When (когда)
When does the lesson begin? Когда начинается урок?
Why (почему, зачем)
Why did you come here? Почему вы пришли сюда?
How (как)
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How are you? Как поживаете?
How many (much) (сколько)
Неопределенные местоимения some, any, отрицательное местоимение по и их производные
Употребление some и any, а также их производных определяется типом предложения. В утвердительном предложении употребляются, как правило, местоимение some и его производные:
Give me something to read, please. Дайте мне что-нибудь почитать, пожалуйста. I met him somewhere before. Я встречал его где-то раньше.
Ввопросительных и отрицательных предложениях обычно используются местоимение any и его производные:
Have you seen him anywhere? Вы видели его где-нибудь?
Is there anything I can do for you? Могу ли я что-нибудь для вас сделать?
Вотрицательных предложениях используется либо местоимение any и его производные:
I cannot find this book anywhere. Я не могу нигде найти эту книгу.
–либо отрицательное местоимение no:
There is nobody in that room. В той комнате никого нет.
There isn't anybody in that room. В той комнате никого нет.
Количественные местоимения.
С исчисляемыми |
С неисчисляемыми |
существительными |
существительными |
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Many – много |
Much - много |
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Few – мало |
Little – мало |
A few - немного |
A little - немного |
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3. Прочитайте и переведите текст: |
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GET the BEST of YOUR CAR.
1.Tire air pressure – under-inflated tires can lead to a slip down in fuel efficiency. Tires are known to wear unevenly. To ensure that they last longer, rotate
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the positions of the tires and balance them at intervals of around 10.000 km. Different vehicles use different tires to suit their purpose. Tire pressure varies from vehicle to vehicle. Make frequent air checks and maintain optimal tire pressure, recommended by the manufacturer. It is important to choose the right kind of tire for your vehicle. Also, check your car tires weekly for chips of stone and gravel and remove them.
2. Brakes – the brakes should never be binding and the car should always be able to roll freely. To ensure failsafe braking, check and top-up the brake fluid reservoir. You can do this when you begin to feel that the brakes are irresponsive and react slowly. The handbrake has a tendency to stick and cause a drag - make a special mention to have it checked at service.
3. Engine –make it a practice to keep the engine well tuned and serviced. The moving parts in an engine run at high speed and function at very high temperatures. To protect your engine, ensure that the oil is changed regularly. Every 5,000km should work just fine. Follow the manufacturer’s recommendations on oil and oil filter changes. However, you must remember that engine oil, transmission fluid and fuel are systems with filters that you may need to check and replace periodically.
4.Согласитесь с утверждением или опровергните высказывание.
1.Air pressure in tires can effect the fuel consumption.
2.You should not change the position of your tires.
3.It is necessary to maintain tire pressure according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
4.Each vehicle uses tires to suit its purposes.
5.Составьте вопросы, добавив необходимые слова:
1.(What | to roll freely)
2.(What | you | the brakes)
3.(What tendency | the handbrake)
4.(How | the moving parts | run | engine)
5.(What distance | work fine)
6.(What | replaced)
6. Укажите исчисляемые и неисчисляемые существительные, выберите нужное слово из предложенных в скобках:
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1.There are very (much, many) people in the restaurant.
2.Is there (much, many) coffee in the cup?
3.Give me (a few, a little) travellers' cheques.
4.There are (many, much) visitors in Moscow now.
5.(A few, a little) passengers are going to the Departure Control
6.He had (a little, a few) luggage with him.
7.There are very (few, little) restaurants in this street.
8.How (much, many) time have you got? I'll call you back in (a few, a little) minutes.
7.Что вы узнали из текста о…:
1)tire pressure;
2)maintenance of brakes;
3)work of engine
8. Выберите нужную форму местоимения:
1.Where's that naughty dog? We can't find him___________. a) somewhere b) anywhere c) nowhere
2.We've done___________ possible. But all in vain.
a) something b) anything c) everything
3. There was__________ in the room. It was empty. a) nobody b)anybody c) somebody
4.I couldn't see_________ in the dark. a) someone b) anything c) everyone
5.____should be present at the meeting. A very serious question will be discussed. a) someone b) any one c) everyone
6.Where's my wallet? I put it_________ over here.
a) somewhere b) anywhere c) nowhere
7.Can I do___________ to improve the situation? a) something b) anything c) everything
8.I've heard________ about this project but I don't know all the details. a) something b) anything c) everything
9.______who was present at the party was questioned by the Inspector. All of them were suspected.
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a) Everybody b) Nobody c) Someone |
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_______ is your nationality? |
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a) How |
b) What |
c) Who |
d) Whose |
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_______is your favourite actor? |
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a) Whom |
b) When |
c) Who |
d) How |
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12._______ is your favourite film? |
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a) What |
b) Whose |
c) Who |
d) How |
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13._________is this?" "It's John’s." |
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a) How many |
b) Whose |
c) Who |
d) How much |
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_________is this?" "It's John." |
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a) How many |
b) Whose |
c) Who |
d) How much |
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15. |
_________ is your birthday? |
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a) Where |
b) Whose |
c) Whom |
d) When |
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16._________is your house? |
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a) Where |
b) Whose |
c) Whom |
d) When |
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17._________musical instruments does your brother play? |
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a) Who |
b) What |
c) Whom |
d) When |
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18. |
_________ often do you go to the theatre? |
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a) Who |
b) How |
c) Whom |
d) Whose |
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_________'s your address? |
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a) Who |
b) What |
c) Whom |
d)Whose |
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Рекомендуемая литература по теме (из списка): 1ОЛ (с.14-22), 1ДЛ (с.13-23), 3 ДЛ (с.17-22), 4 ДЛ (18-25), 5 ДЛ.
МОДУЛЬ 4
1. Выучите слова и словосочетания по теме:
self-propelled road |
самоходное |
fuel-injected engine |
инжекторный |
vehicle |
транспортное |
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двигатель |
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средство |
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gasoline engine |
бензиновый |
destination |
направление |
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двигатель |
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to invent |
изобретать |
to develop |
разрабатывать |
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tubeless tires |
бескамерные |
motorway |
шоссе |
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шины |
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exhaust |
выхлоп |
device |
устройство |
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to equip |
оборудовать |
fuel |
топливо |
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tank |
бак |
brake |
тормоз |
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collision |
столкновение |
to warn |
предупреждать |
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2. Повторите правила образования степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий в английском языке. Приведите примеры, используя выученную лексику.
Прилагательные обозначают признаки предметов и отвечают на вопрос какой?: а wide road – широкая дорога, а tall tree – высокое дерево. Наречия отвечают на вопрос как?: He speaks English well. – Он говорит по-английски хорошо.
Прилагательные и наречия имеют три формы степеней сравнения:
положительную (positive degree), сравнительную (comparative degree), превосходную (superlative degree)
Формы сравнительной и превосходной степеней образуются двумя способами:
1.Односложные прилагательные образуют форму сравнительной степени при помощи суффикса -er, а форму превосходной степени – с определенным артиклем the при помощи суффикса -est: strong – stronger – the strongest, cold – colder – the coldest. Подобным образом образуют степени сравнения и некоторые двусложные прилагательные: easy – easier – the easiest, clever – cleverer – the cleverest.
2.Многосложные прилагательные образуют сравнительную степень при помощи слова more, а превосходную степень – при помощи the most: famous – more (less) famous – the most (least) famous, interesting - more interesting – the most interesting.
Исключения при образовании степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий:
Положительная степень |
Сравнительная степень |
Превосходная степень |
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good (хороший) |
better (лучше) |
the best (самый хороший) |
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