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.pdfHave you ever tried to climb the stem of a tree? Of course, you have. For a tree’s stem is its trunk.
Trees are like other plants that grow from seeds. They have roots, stems, and leaves. But they are different in that they may live for many years. No other plants are as hardy as trees.
Each of main parts of a tree has some way of living through summer heat and winter cold. The upper section of the root has a tough skin that keeps it from freezing or drying out. The root tips reach deep into the ground. There the soil does not freeze, and there they can find water all year.
The bark protects the trunk, branches and twigs. Between the bark and the wood is a green layer. Small tubes run through it. These tubes carry down to the root the food made by the leaves. The food that is not used by the root is stored. Other small tubes run through the wood and carry water from the root to the leaves.
Evergreen trees, such as pine and spruce, have leaves shaped like needles. They are covered with an oily skin which keeps them from freezing and drying.
Other kinds of trees prepare for winter by shedding leaves. Late in summer the bottom of each leaf stem begins to harden. Less and less water passes from the twig into the leaf. The leaf begins to lose its green color. They turn yellow, red, purple, and brown. Soon winds tear the withered leaves from their twigs. Strong gusts blow them away.
New leaves will be ready to take place of the old ones.. They are hidden in buds covered with thick coats. The buds were made in summer. When spring comes, sap rises from the roots. It goes into the buds. They swell and grow. Suddenly they open. Out come the new leaves.
Flowers come from buds too. Soon seeds start to form. But they ripen slowly. Many kinds fall onto the ground in autumn and lie there through the winter. When spring comes they sprout. Some seeds do not get far from their parent trees. They become seedlings that live for just a few years. They die because they can not get enough sunlight. Other seedlings grow and live for many years and become great beautiful trees.
Задание 1.
Прочитайте и переведите 2 последних абзаца текста.
Задание 2.
Выпишите выделенные слова и переведите их на русский язык.
Задание 3.
Выпишите предложения активного залога, написанные в Present Simple, Present Perfect, Past Simple Tenses.
Задание 4.
Напишите аннотацию текста.
Задание 5.
Составьте “Curriculum Vitae”.
Задание 6.
Напишите сочинение на тему: «Традиции страны изучаемого языка».
Рекомендуемая литература к модулю:
1)п. 1 основной лит. с. 33-34; 37-39;
2)п.1 доп. лит. с.81-82; с.105-108
3)п. 2 доп. лит. с. 56-60
4)п.4 доп. лит. с. 3-4
5)п. 5 доп. лит.
6)п.7 доп. лит.
Модуль 10
Перед выполнением заданий данного модуля Вам необходимо повторить следующий грамматический материал:
1) Past Simple Tense;
2) времена пассивного залога
GREAT SMOKY MOUNTAINS NATIONAL PARK
“The place of blue smoke” is what the Cherokee Indians call the great Smoky Mountains region, at the end of the Appalachian Highlands in the southeastern United States. Long before European settlers arrived on the continent, the mountains were the part of the great Cherokee Nation.
About 8,500 Cherokee now live in communities on a reservation on the eastern side of the mountains, where they maintain the traditions of their people. Unfortunately, only a few older people still remember how to speak the ancient language.
The Great Smoky Mountains are dotted with small towns that were settled by Europeans. There are a number of interesting things to listen to and to look at. But most tourists who visit the area go to the Smokies because of the beautiful mountains and valleys, the changing seasons and the wildlife. The Smokies are home to more than fifty species of mammals, including the legendary black bear. To preserve the beauty of the region, the U.S. government established The Great Smoky Mountains National Park. It is the most visited national Park in the country, with more than 8 million tourists each year.
But how long can a place with so many visitors remain unspoiled? Because the water in the clouds which give the region its name can hold as much as ten times the amount of pollution and one hundred times the acid rainfall, the trees at the tops of the mountains are dying. Perhaps the Great Smoky Mountains will become just another lost wilderness.
Задание 1.
Прочитайте и переведите 2 последних абзаца текста.
Задание 2.
Выпишите выделенные слова и переведите их на русский язык.
Задание 3.
Выпишите предложения активного залога, написанные в Past Simple Tense. Переведите их на русский язык.
Задание 4.
Выпишите предложения, написанные в пассивном залоге. Переведите их на русский язык.
Задание 5.
Составьте аннотацию текста.
Задание 6.
Напишите сочинение на тему: «Высшее образование в стране изучаемого языка».
Рекомендуемая литература к модулю:
1)п. 1 основной лит. с. 68-70;
2)п.1 доп. лит. с.88-90; с. 136-141
3)п. 2 доп. лит. с.92-95
4)п.4 доп. лит. с. 19
5)п. 5 доп. лит.
6)п.7 доп. лит.
Модуль 11
Перед выполнением заданий данного модуля Вам необходимо повторить следующий грамматический материал:
1)времена активного и пассивного залога;
2)повелительное наклонение
TREES ADD BEAUTY AND SO MUCH MORE
Trees and shrubs are a valuable addition to most property. Properly planted, well maintained trees add beauty, wind protection, shade, beautiful habitat, visual screening, and other benefits to the landscape. Unfortunately, many landscape trees are not properly planted or cared-for. In some cases this is simply a matter of
neglect, but in other cases the person planting or caring for a tree is not properly trained.
Farmers and ranchers, and many homeowners, are making progress in natural resource protection. There are nearly 2 billion acres of land in the United States. About 70 percent of that land is privately owned, and care of that land is in the hands of those who live and work on it. Most of that land is managed by farmers and ranchers. They use conservation plans to protect soil, water, air, plant, and animal resources.
Trees can be home to many different types of wildlife. Trees also can reduce your heating and cooling costs. Help clean the air, add beauty and color, provide shelter from the wind and the sun, and add value to your home.
Choosing a tree.
Choose a tree that will provide enjoyment for you and that fits your landscape. Take advantage of the abundant references on gardening in local libraries, at universities, arboretums, and parks where trees are identified, and from native plant and gardening clubs, and nurseries. Before you buy, you can find out if a tree is appropriate for your area, how big it will get, how long it will live, its leaf color in the fall, any nuts or fruit it may bear, and the proper planting instructions and care for that species. Make a conscious effort to select trees native to your area. They will live longer, be more tolerant of the local weather and soil conditions, enhance natural biodiversity and be more beneficial to wildlife than non-native trees. Avoid exotic trees that can invade other areas, crowd our native plants, and harm natural ecosystems. Plant a variety of tree species. For wildlife choose trees and shrubs that bloom and bear fruits or nuts at different times of the year. Shrubs that produce berries can provide food throughout the year. Trees with nuts and fruit can also provide seasonal foods. Flowers and fruits of some plants attract hummingbirds and butterflies.
Задание 1.
Прочитайте и переведите последний абзац текста.
Задание 2.
Выпишите термины Вашей специальности и переведите их на русский язык.
Задание 3.
Выпишите 3 предложения активного залога и 3 предложения пассивного залога. Задайте к ним специальные вопросы.
Задание 4.
Выпишите 5 предложений, написанных в повелительном наклонении. Переведите их на русский язык.
Задание 5.
Напишите аннотацию текста.
Задание 6.
Напишите сочинение на тему: «Высшее образование в России».
Рекомендуемая литература к модулю:
1)п. 1 основной лит. с. 175-177; 244-247
2)п.1 доп. лит. с.81-82; с.88-90; с. 136-141
3)п. 2 доп. лит. с.52-60; с. 92-98
4)п.4 доп. лит. с. 27-28
5)п. 5 доп. лит.
6)п.7 доп. лит.
Модуль 12
Перед выполнением заданий данного модуля Вам необходимо повторить следующий грамматический материал:
1)сложноподчиненные предложения;
2)безличные предложения
Tree Selection.
Species – a particular type of tree
Cultivar – a cultivated variety of a species selected for certain characteristics.
In selecting a tree species or cultivar our goal should be to have a tree that is well matched to the planting site so that it survives and thrives. The tree must also achieve the goals for size, shape, function, and appearance and must be affordable. Unfortunately, people usually only pay attention to visually obvious characteristics like flower color, presence or lack of fruit, and crown shape and size. Such characteristics may be important, but usually they have little to do with whether the tree will do well on its planting site. Lack of knowledge of a tree’s site-related needs results in disappointed tree owners and a lack of well adapted trees in our landscapes.
A tree’s site-related needs and its ability to withstand environmental extremes are rooted in its native origins. All landscape tree species and cultivars were once native to a certain climatic or geographic region or have been bred from native trees. These native trees were well-adapted to their surroundings and these adaptations usually have carried over into the cultivated trees we see (with the exception of some species like fruit trees that have undergone intensive breeding). For example, though a white fir at a nursery may have grown in a nursery bed in bright sunlight, it still has its native characteristic of shade tolerance that allows it to seed-in under the shade of a forest canopy. Cottonwoods are native to bare river fluid plains which helps explain their preference for moist soils and high light conditions. So, it is important to remember that trees have specific site requirements that vary between species and cultivars. Matching your site conditions to a tree that you like is the key to tree selection. These are the factors that should be paid special attention – soil conditions, cold, heat and shade tolerance, water requirements, pest resistance, growth rate, crown size, form, rooting area or volume, longevity, ornamental characteristics, utility locations.
Задание 1.
Прочитайте и переведите 1-й абзац текста.
Задание 2.
Выпишите термины Вашей специальности и переведите их на русский язык.
Задание 3.
Выпишите сложноподчиненное предложение, переведите его на русский язык и подчеркните в нем главные члены предложения.
Задание 4.
Выпишите безличное предложение и переведите его на русский язык.
Задание 5.
Напишите аннотацию текста.
Задание 6.
Напишите сочинение на тему: «Выдающиеся личности России»
Рекомендуемая литература к модулю:
1)п. 1 основной лит. с. 345-347; 310-312
2)п.1 доп. лит. с.147-149
3)п. 3 доп. лит. с. 8-21
4)п.4 доп. лит. с. 31-32
5)п. 5 доп. лит.
6)п.7 доп. лит.
Основная литература
1. Кузьменкова Ю. Б. Английский язык [Текст] : учеб. для прикладного бакалавриата : рек. УМО ВО в качестве учеб. для студентов высш. учеб. заведений, обучающихся по гуманитарным направлениям и специальностям / Ю. Б. Кузьменкова; Высш. шк. экономики, Нац. исслед. ун-т. - М. : Юрайт, 2014. - 441 с. : + CD-диск. - Электронная версия в ЭБС "Юрайт".
Дополнительная литература
1. Зайцева, Л. В. Иностранный язык. English for nature managers [Текст] :
учеб. пособие : для студентов 1, 2 курсов лесн. фак. по направлению подгот. - 022000 - Экология и природопользование, профиль "Природопользование" / Л. В. Зайцева ; Л. В. Зайцева; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, Фед. гос. бюджет. образоват. учреждение высш. проф. образования "Воронеж. гос. лесотехн. акад." - Воронеж, 2013. - 176 с. - Электроннаяверсияв
ЭБСВГЛТА. - Режим доступа: http://www.vglta.vrn.ru/BiblSite/elcat.htm - Загл. с экрана.
2. Кравец, В. Е. Грамматика английского языка. Морфология [Текст]: граммат. справ. / В. Е. Кравец; Фед. агентство по образованию, Гос. образоват. учреждение высш. проф. образования "Воронеж, гос. лесотехн. акад.". - Воронеж, 2010. - 124 с. – электронная версия - Электронная версия в ЭБС ВГЛТА. - Режим доступа: http://www.vglta.vrn.ru/BiblSite/elcat.htm - Загл. с экрана.
3.Кравец В.Е., Грамматика английского языка. Синтаксис [Текст]: граммат. справ. / В. Е. Кравец ; В. Е. Кравец; Фед. агентство по образованию, Гос. образоват. учреждение высш. проф. образования "Воронеж. гос. лесотехн. акад.". - Воронеж, 2010. - 80 с. - Электронная версия в ЭБС ВГЛТА. -
Режим доступа: http://www.vglta.vrn.ru/BiblSite/elcat.htm - Загл. с экрана.
4.Литвинова Л.А. Caring for natural resourses. Охрана природных ресурсов [Электронный ресурс] : учебное пособие для самостоятельной работы студентов 1-2 курсов ЛХФ / Л. А. Литвинова ; Л. А. Литвинова; ВГЛТА. -
Воронеж, 2014.- Электронная версия в ЭБС ВГЛТА. - Режим доступа: http://www.vglta.vrn.ru/BiblSite/elcat.htm - Загл. с экрана.
5.Милованова, И. В. Английский язык [Текст] : термин. словарь по лесн. делу и ландшафт. архитектуре / И. В. Милованова ; И. В. Милованова ; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, Фед. гос. бюджет. образоват. учреждение высш. проф. образования "Воронеж. гос. лесотехн. акад.". - Воронеж, 2014. - 180 с. Электронная версия в ЭБС ВГЛТА. - Режим доступа: http://www.vglta.vrn.ru/BiblSite/elcat.htm - Загл. с экрана.
6.Литвинова Ю.А. Иностранный язык. English for landscape gardeners [Текст] : метод. указания для самостоят. работы студентов заоч. формы обучения по направлению подгот. 250700 – Ландшафт. архитектура / Ю. А. Литвинова, Л. А. Литвинова ; Ю. А. Литвинова, Л. А. Литвинова; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, Фед. гос. бюджет. образоват. учреждение высш. проф. образования "Воронеж. гос. лесотехн. акад." . - Воронеж, 2013. - 36 с. - Электронная версия в ЭБС ВГЛТА. - Режим доступа: http://www.vglta.vrn.ru/BiblSite/elcat.htm - Загл. с экрана.
7.Мюллер, В.К., Англо-русский словарь [Текст]/В.К. Мюллер.-М.: Локид-
Пресс, 2003.-687 с.