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Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

(a)"Attack directed against any civilian population" means a course of conduct involving the multiple commission of acts referred to in paragraph 1 against any civilian population, pursuant to or in furtherance of a State or organizational policy to commit such attack;

(b)"Extermination" includes the intentional infliction of conditions of life, inter alia the deprivation of access to food and medicine, calculated to bring about the destruction of part of a population;

(c)"Enslavement" means the exercise of any or all of the powers attaching to the right of ownership over a person and includes the exercise of such power in the course of trafficking in persons, in particular women and children;

(d)"Deportation or forcible transfer of population" means forced displacement of the persons concerned by expulsion or other coercive acts from the area in which they are lawfully present, without grounds permitted under international law;

(e)"Torture" means the intentional infliction of severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, upon a person in the custody or under the control of the accused; except that torture shall not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to, lawful sanctions;

(f)"Forced pregnancy" means the unlawful confinement of a woman forcibly made pregnant, with the intent of affecting the ethnic composition of any population or carrying out other grave violations of international law. This definition shall not in any way be interpreted as affecting national laws relating to pregnancy;

(g)"Persecution" means the intentional and severe deprivation of fundamental rights contrary to international law by reason of the identity of the group or collectivity;

(h)"The crime of apartheid" means inhumane acts of a character similar to those referred to in paragraph 1, committed in the context of an institutionalized regime of systematic oppression and domination by one racial group over any other racial group or groups and committed with the intention of maintaining that regime;

(i)"Enforced disappearance of persons" means the arrest, detention or abduction of persons by, or with the authorization, support or acquiescence of, a State or a political organization, followed by a refusal to acknowledge that deprivation of freedom or to give information on the fate or whereabouts of those persons, with the intention of removing them from the protection of the law for a prolonged period of time.

TEXT № 4. Practical tasks

1. Read this extract from an official document.

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2.Characterize the compact from the standpoint of its structure in Russian. What information do the general provisions usually contain?

3.Sum up the general provisions in Russian.

4.Answer the following questions in English:

a)What are the purposes of the Convention?

b)Is this international document considered binding? Why or why not? Give your reasons.

International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism

Article 2

1. Any person commits an offence within the meaning of this Convention if that person by any means, directly or indirectly, unlawfully and wilfully, provides or collects funds with the intention that they should be used or in the knowledge that they are to be used, in full or in part, in order to carry out:

(a)An act which constitutes an offence within the scope of and as defined in one of the treaties listed in the annex; or

(b)Any other act intended to cause death or serious bodily injury to a civilian, or to any other person not taking an active part in the hostilities in a situation of armed conflict, when the purpose of such act, by its nature or context, is to intimidate a population, or to compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act……

3 Any person also commits an offence if that person attempts to commit an offence as set forth in paragraph 1 of this article.

4.Any person also commits an offence if that person:

(a)Participates as an accomplice in an offence as set forth in paragraph 1 or 4 of this article;

(b)Organizes or directs others to commit an offence as set forth in paragraph 1 or 4 of this article;

(c) Contributes to the commission of one or more offences as set forth in paragraphs 1 or 4 of this article by a group of persons acting with a common purpose. Such contribution shall be intentional and shall either:

(i)Be made with the aim of furthering the criminal activity or criminal purpose of the group, where such activity or purpose involves the commission of an offence as set forth in paragraph 1 of this article; or

(ii)Be made in the knowledge of the intention of the group to commit an offence as set forth in paragraph 1 of this article.

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TEXT № 5. Practical tasks

1.Read this extract from an official document.

2.Characterize the compact from the standpoint of its structure in Russian. What information do the general provisions usually contain?

3.Sum up the general provisions in Russian.

4.Answer the following questions in English:

a)What are the aims of Interpol?

b)What are the governing bodies of Interpol?

CONSTITUTION OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE ORGANIZATION - INTERPOL

Article 1

The Organization called the “INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE COMMISSION” shall henceforth be entitled: “THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL POLICE ORGANIZATION INTERPOL”. Its seat shall be in France.

Article 2

Its aims are:

(1)To ensure and promote the widest possible mutual assistance between all criminal police authorities within the limits of the laws existing in the different countries and in the spirit of the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”;

(2)To establish and develop all institutions likely to contribute effectively to the prevention and suppression of ordinary law crimes.

Article 3

It is strictly forbidden for the Organization to undertake any intervention or activities of a political, military, religious or racial character.

Article 4

Any country may delegate as a Member to the Organization any official police body whose functions come within the framework of activities of the Organization.

The request for membership shall be submitted to the Secretary General by the appropriate governmental authority. Membership shall be subject to approval by a two-thirds majority of the General Assembly.

Article 5

The International Criminal Police OrganizationINTERPOL shall comprise: The General Assembly

The Executive Committee The General Secretariat

The National Central Bureaus The Advisers

The Commission for the Control of Files

Article 6

The General Assembly shall be the body of supreme authority in the Organization. It is composed of delegates appointed by the Members of the Organization.

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Article 7

Each Member may be represented by one or several delegates; however, for each country there shall be only one delegation head, appointed by the competent governmental authority of that country.

Because of the technical nature of the Organization, Members should attempt to include the following in their delegations:

(a)High officials of departments dealing with police affairs,

(b)Officials whose normal duties are connected with the activities of the Organization,

(c)Specialists in the subjects on the agenda.

TEXT № 6. Practical tasks

1.Read this extract from an official document.

2.Characterize the compact from the standpoint of its structure in Russian. What information do the general provisions usually contain?

3.Sum up the general provisions in Russian.

4.Answer the following questions in English:

a)What are the aims of European Council decision?

b)What are the liaison officers?

European COUNCIL DECISION of 6 April 2009 establishing the European Police Office (Europol)

Article 9

Liaison officers

1.Each national unit shall second at least one liaison officer to Europol. Except as otherwise stipulated in specific provisions of this Decision, liaison officers shall be subject to the national law of the seconding Member State.

2.Liaison officers shall constitute the national liaison bureaux at Europol and shall be instructed by their national units to represent the interests of the latter within Europol in accordance with the national law of the seconding Member State and the provisions applicable to the administration of Europol.

3.Without prejudice to Article 8(4) and (5), liaison officers shall:

(a)provide Europol with information from the seconding national unit;

(b)forward information from Europol to the seconding national unit;

(c)cooperate with Europol staff by providing information and giving advice; and

(d)assist in the exchange of information from their national units with the liaison officers of other Member States under their responsibility in accordance with national law. Such bilateral exchanges may also cover crimes outwith the competence of Europol, as far as allowed by national law.

4. Article 35 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the activities of liaison officers.

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5.The rights and obligations of liaison officers in relation to Europol shall be determined by the Management Board.

6.Liaison officers shall enjoy the privileges and immunities necessary for the performance of their tasks in accordance with Article 51(2).

7.Europol shall ensure that liaison officers are fully informed of and associated with all of its activities, as far as that is compatible with their position.

8.Europol shall provide Member States free of charge with the necessary premises in the Europol building and adequate support for the performance of the activities of their liaison officers. All other costs which arise in connection with the secondment of liaison officers shall be borne by the seconding Member State, including the costs of equipment for liaison officers, unless the Management Board recommends otherwise in specific cases when drawing up Europol’s budget.

TEXT № 7. Practical tasks

1.Read this extract from an official document.

2.Characterize the compact from the standpoint of its structure in Russian. What information do the general provisions usually contain?

3.Sum up the general provisions in Russian.

4.Answer the following questions in English:

a)What are the purposes of European Council decision?

b)What can you say about the Europol Information System?

European COUNCIL DECISION of 6 April 2009 establishing the European Police Office (Europol)

Article 12

Content of the Europol Information System

1. The Europol Information System may be used to process only such data as are necessary for the performance of Europol’s tasks. The data input shall relate to:

(a)persons who, in accordance with the national law of the Member State concerned, are suspected of having committed or having taken part in a criminal offence in respect of which Europol is competent or who have been convicted of such an offence;

(b)persons regarding whom there are factual indications or reasonable grounds under the national law of the Member State concerned to believe that they will commit criminal offences in respect of which Europol is competent.

2. Data relating to the persons referred to in paragraph 1 may include only the following particulars:

(a)surname, maiden name, given names and any alias or assumed name;

(b)date and place of birth;

(c)nationality;

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(d)sex;

(e)place of residence, profession and whereabouts of the person concerned;

(f)social security numbers, driving licences, identification documents and passport data; and

(g)where necessary, other characteristics likely to assist in identification, including any specific objective physical characteristics not subject to change such as dactyloscopic data and DNA profile (established from the non-coding part of DNA).

3. In addition to the data referred to in paragraph 2, the Europol Information System may also be used to process the following particulars concerning the persons referred to in paragraph 1:

(a) criminal offences, alleged criminal offences and when, where and how they were (allegedly) committed;

(b)means which were or may be used to commit those criminal offences including information concerning legal persons;

(c)departments handling the case and their filing references;

(d)suspected membership of a criminal organisation;

(e)convictions, where they relate to criminal offences in respect of which Europol is competent;

(f)inputting party….

Article 13

Europol shall have the following additional tasks:

(a)to develop specialist knowledge of the investigative procedures of the competent authorities of the Member States and to provide advice on investigations;

(b)to provide strategic intelligence to assist and promote the efficient and effective use of the resources available at national and Union level for operational activities and the support of such activities.

Additionally, in the context of its objective under Article 3, Europol may, in accordance with the staffing and budgetary resources at its disposal and within the limits set by the Management Board, assist Member States through support, advice and research in the following areas:

(a)the training of members of their competent authorities, where appropriate in cooperation with the European Police College;

(b)the organisation and equipment of those authorities by facilitating the provision of technical support between the Member States;

(c)crime prevention methods;

(d)technical and forensic methods and analysis, and investigative procedures.

5. Europol shall also act as the Central Office for combating euro counterfeiting . . .

TEXT № 8. Practical tasks

1.Read this extract from an official document.

2.Characterize the compact from the standpoint of its structure in Russian. What information do the general provisions usually contain?

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3.Sum up the general provisions in Russian.

4.Answer the following questions in English:

a)What are the purposes of the Convention?

b)Is this international document considered binding? Why or why not? Give your reasons.

Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations 1961

Article 2

The establishment of diplomatic relations between States, and of permanent diplomatic missions, takes place by mutual consent.

Article 3

1.The functions of a diplomatic mission consist, inter alia, in:

(a)Representing the sending State in the receiving State;

(b)Protecting in the receiving State the interests of the sending State and of its nationals,

within the limits permitted by international law;

(c)Negotiating with the Government of the receiving State;

(d)Ascertaining by all lawful means conditions and developments in the receiving State, and

reporting thereon to the Government of the sending State;

(e) Promoting friendly relations between the sending State and the receiving State, and developing their economic, cultural and scientific relations.

2. Nothing in the present Convention shall be construed as preventing the performance of consular functions by a diplomatic mission.

Article 4

1. The sending State must make certain that the agrйment of the receiving State has been given for the person it proposes to accredit as head of the mission to that State.

2. The receiving State is not obliged to give reasons to the sending State for a refusal of agrйment.

Article 5

1.The sending State may, after it has given due notification to the receiving States concerned, accredit a head of mission or assign any member of the diplomatic staff, as the case may be, to more than one State, unless there is express objection by any of the receiving States.

2. If the sending State accredits a head of mission to one or more other States it may establish a diplomatic mission headed by a chargй d’affaires ad interim in each State where the head of mission has not his permanent seat.

3. A head of mission or any member of the diplomatic staff of the mission may act as representative of the sending State to any international organization.

Article 6

Two or more States may accredit the same person as head of mission to another State, unless objection is offered by the receiving State.

Article 7

Subject to the provisions of articles 5, 8, 9 and 11, the sending State may freely appoint the members of the staff of the mission. In the case of military, naval or air attachйs, the receiving State may require their names to be submitted beforehand, for its approval.

Article 8

1. Members of the diplomatic staff of the mission should in principle be of the nationality of

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the sending State.

2. Members of the diplomatic staff of the mission may not be appointed from among persons having the nationality of the receiving State, except with the consent of that State which may be withdrawn at any time.

3. The receiving State may reserve the same right with regard to nationals of a third State who are not also nationals of the sending State.

TEXT № 9. Practical tasks

1.Read this extract from an official document.

2.Characterize the compact from the standpoint of its structure in Russian. What information do the general provisions usually contain?

3.Sum up the general provisions in Russian.

4.Answer the following questions in English:

a)What are the purposes of the United Nations?

b)Is this international document considered binding? Why or why not? Give your reasons.

The Charter of the United Nations

Article 1

The Purposes of the United Nations are:

To maintain international peace and security, and to that end: to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace, and for the suppression of acts of aggression or other breaches of the peace, and to bring about by peaceful means, and in conformity with the principles of justice and international law, adjustment or settlement of international disputes or situations which might lead to a breach of the peace;

To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace;

To achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion; and

To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in the attainment of these common ends.

Article 2

The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles.

The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members.

All Members, in order to ensure to all of them the rights and benefits resulting from membership, shall fulfill in good faith the obligations assumed by them in accordance with the present Charter.

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All Members shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means in such a manner that international peace and security, and justice, are not endangered.

All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.

All Members shall give the United Nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present Charter, and shall refrain from giving assistance to any state against which the United Nations is taking preventive or enforcement action.

The Organization shall ensure that states which are not Members of the United Nations act in accordance with these Principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.

TEXT № 10. Practical tasks

1.Read this extract from an official document.

2.Characterize the compact from the standpoint of its structure in Russian. What information does the Preamble usually contain?

3.Sum up the provisions in Russian.

4.Answer the following questions in English:

a)What are the objectives of this Declaration?

b)Is this international document considered binding? Why or why not? Give your reasons.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,

Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,

Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,

Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,

Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,

Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms,

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Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge,

Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.

TEXT № 11. Practical tasks

1.Read this extract from an official document.

2.Characterize the compact from the standpoint of its structure in Russian. What information do the general provisions usually contain?

3.Sum up the general provisions in Russian.

4.Answer the following questions in English:

a)What are the objectives of this Declaration?

b)Is this international document considered binding? Why or why not? Give your reasons.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Article 14.

(1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.

(2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.

Article 15.

(1)Everyone has the right to a nationality.

(2)No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.

Article 16.

(1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.

(2)Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.

(3)The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.

Article 17.

(1)Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.

(2)No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property.

Article 18.

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