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which may be available, sketching options and measuring the space to determine how many tiles will be needed.

If a patterned design or mosaic is being created, the tile layer will use the measurements to work up a drawing which will be shown to the client to ensure that it looks as expected. With information about the measurements, the tile layer can also place an order for tiles and other supplies, such as grout and tile cement. When all of the supplies are ready, the tile layer can start by preparing the surface where the tiles are to be installed, ensuring that it is smooth and sound before applying tile cement.

Some tile layers lay tiles in sheets which are gently pressed in to the tile cement. Others lay tiles individually, with the assistance of spacers to keep the tiles evenly aligned. Once the tiles have set in the cement, the tile layer adds grout between the tiles to seal the cracks, and he/she can also apply a sealer to make sure that the grout remains waterproof. Grouts can be tinted so that they blend in with the tile color or stand out, depending on taste, and tile layers can also use specialty grouts such as mold-resistant products for bathrooms.

Tile layers can work with glass, ceramic, cement, stone, and plastic tiles. In addition to creating new projects such as tiled floors, pools, counters, and so forth, they can also repair and retrofit existing projects. Their work includes matching and replacing damaged, broken, or missing tiles, along with resealing existing tile installations and making changes in tile installations by request from the owner.

For professional advancement and access to certain types of worksites, tile layers often join a union. Union membership confers certain benefits, including access to health insurance and other services which may be available to union members, and it also protects tile layers from exploitation and abuse.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-does-a-tile-layer-do.htm

Задание 49. Работайте в парах. Составьте 3 вопроса по тексту и обсудите их с вашим партнером.

Задание 50. Дополните схему сведениями о том, какие инструменты использует плиточник, с какими материалами работает, каковы цели и результаты его работы. Дополните схему, используя сведения из текста (с. 47). Переведите схему на английский язык и разверните ее в учебный текст на английском языке.

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Задание 53. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Схематично представьте его содержание.

When a new house or business is erected, professional floor layers acquire and deliver materials to the site. Experts inspect and level the surface on which the new floor covering will go, take precise measurements of room sizes, and carefully cut materials to specifications. A floor layer must be prepared for long hours and frequent lifting, stretching, and bending. The size and shape of rooms, the kind of flooring, and the number of available workers determines how long a job will take, which could be anywhere from a couple of hours to several days.

Depending on the type of flooring material, layers might use a number of different tools and techniques in their work. Carpet layers rely on adhesives, knives, stretching tools, and staples to ensure a proper fit, while tile layers employ specialized cutting tools, grout applicators, and sanders to perform custom jobs. Individuals who specialize in linoleum and laminate floor coverings often install moisture-tight insulation, coat the area with a special glue, lay down flooring material, and use putty knives and levels to remove dents and bubbles. A hardwood floor layer typically uses a number of different carpentry tools and wood glue to fit wooden slats together.

The majority of floor layers are union workers who are employed by construction companies and private contractors. Retail flooring stores that offer installation and repair services commonly hire layers to help home and business owners through the process. Some experienced, successful floorlayers choose to open their own businesses, where they perform additional duties such as hiring workers, providing customer service, advertising, and ordering supplies from distributors.

There are generally no strict educational requirements to become a floor layer, though some professionals choose to attend classroom training programs at vocational schools and community colleges. Most workers learn the trade through on-the-job training and assisting experienced floorlayers. New workers typically perform duties such as carrying tools and materials to and from a site, cutting pieces according to measurements, laying materials into place, and cleaning up after a job. After a new floor layer has proven his or her competency for the job, he/she may be granted the opportunity to perform more difficult or delicate tasks.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-does-a-floor-layer-do.htm

Задание 54. Работайте в парах. Составьте 3 вопроса по тексту и обсудите их с вашим партнером.

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Задание 55. Дополните схему сведениями о том, какие инструменты использует рабочий по настилу полов, с какими материалами работает, какие виды работ выполняет, каковы цели и результаты его работы, какие виды полов бывают. Дополните схему, используя сведения из текста (с. 50). Переведите схему на английский язык и разверните ее в учебный текст на английском языке.

рабочий по настилу полов

инструменты

материалы

Стекольщик glasscutter, glazier

Задание 56. Изучите таблицу, выпишите транскрипцию терминов из словаря. Используйте полученную информацию при выполнении следующего задания.

Задание 57. Сопоставьте информацию, представленную в толковании и в переводе. Дополните ее, где необходимо.

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Задание 58. Переведите текст. На основе сведений, полученных о понятии, составьте учебный текст на английском языке.

A glazier is someone who specializes in cutting and fitting glass into place in structures which range from single homes to large commercial office buildings. It is considered a skilled profession, and aglazier can command high fees for his or her services, especially if they involve specialty glass or working at great heights. The word, incidentally, is derived from the Middle England glasier, related to glas, for “glass.”

Most people learn to become glaziers through apprenticeships with experienced glass workers. They may start by performing basic jobs around the workshop to get comfortable and familiar with glass, and they will slow-

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ly be allowed to cut glass and then to travel to job sites to install glass. Training to become a glazier can get quite extensive, as the apprentice will learn about different types of glass, structural supports in architecture, and other issues which need to be considered when installing windows and panes of glass.

In residences, the task of a glazier is generally straightforward. He/she may install glass in new windows, shower enclosures, cabinets, and so forth, or replace damaged glass. Many modern homes are built with standard window sizes which eliminate the need for a glazier since they can be mass produced, complete with pre-installed frames. Older homes may require glaziers to cut glass for unusual windows, and a glazier is also needed for special jobs like fitting stained glass windows.

In larger structures like office buildings, a glazier is often involved during the construction stage, to ensure that the building has enough support for the large windows which are often in demand for these types of buildings. In this case, the glazier helps to create the frames for his or her windows, and then installs them. This may involve working with extremely large and therefore heavy sheets of glass at great heights which require confidence and physical strength.

Depending on the type of work a glazier does, the job may be quite dangerous or relatively safe. Glaziers who work on large, high projects are at risk of falls or injuries from improperly secured glass. On small projects, a glazier can still be injured by broken glass or the sharp tools of the trade. Since this skilled profession requires specialized training, a glazier who works for a shop may be covered with extensive health insurance to protect the shop's investment.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-glazier.htm

Задание 59. Ответьте на вопросы, не глядя в текст:

1.When are glaziers allowed to cut glass?

2.Why can this job be dangerous?

Задание 60. Дополните схему сведениями о том, какие инструменты использует стекольщик, с какими материалами работает, какие виды работ выполняет, каковы цели и результаты его работы. Дополните схему, используя сведения из текста (с. 53). Переведите схему на английский язык и разверните ее в учебный текст на английском языке.

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ings of primitive man were erected in a simple fashion with sticks and plastered with mud.

Soon a more lasting and sightly material was found and employed to take the place of mud or slime, and that perfection in the compounding of plastering materials was approached at a very remote period is made evident by the fact that some of the earliest plastering which has remained undisturbed excels in its scientific composition that we use at the present day.

The pyramids in Egypt contain plasterwork executed at least four thousand years ago, probably much earlier, and yet existing, hard and durable, at the present time.

From recent discoveries it has been ascertained that the principal tools of the plasterer of that time were practically identical in design, shape and purpose with those used to day.

For their finest work the Egyptians used plaster made from calcined gypsum just like plaster of Paris of the present time, and their methods of plastering on reeds resemble in every way our lath, plaster, float and set work.

Hair was introduced to strengthen the stuff, and the whole finished somewhat under an inch thick.

Very early in the history of Greek architecture we find the use of plaster of fine white lime stucco, such has been found at Mycenae.

The art had reached perfection in Greece more than five centuries before Christ, and plaster was frequently used to cover temples externally and internally, in some cases even where the building was of marble.

It formed a splendid ground for decorative painting, which at this period of Grecian history had reached a very high degree of beauty.

Задание 63. Ответьте на вопросы, не глядя в текст:

1.When and where did the first plasterwork appear?

2.What was plaster made of?

Задание 64. Дополните схему сведениями о том, какие инструменты использует штукатур, с какими материалами работает, какие виды работ выполняет, какая спецодежда необходима ему в работе, каковы цели и результаты его работы. Дополните схему, используя сведения из текста (с. 55). Переведите схему на английский язык и разверните ее в учебный текст на английском языке.

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Модуль 3. РАБОТА СО СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫМИ МАТЕРИАЛАМИ

(WORK WITH BUILDING MATERIALS)

Арматурщик

Steel fixer, steelman, reinforcing iron and metal workers, metalworker for reinforced concrete, bar bender

Задание 1. Изучите таблицу, выпишите транскрипцию терминов из словаря. Заполните пустые строки.

Задание 3. Переведите текст, выделите основную информацию, оформите ее в виде опорной схемы. Перескажите текст, опираясь на полученную схему.

As a steel fixer you would fit and secure the steel bars and mesh used to make reinforcements forconcretebuildings and structures.

You would work on various developments including commercial and industrial units, multi-storey housing and civil engineering projects like roadworks, tunnels and bridges.On most jobs,yourtasks would include:

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