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Задание 22. Прочитайте текст, организуйте информацию, представленную в тексте, в виде опорной схемы. Перескажите текст, опираясь на полученную схему.

A production engineer typically is involved in the production and manufacturing process and must be knowledgeable about the entire process. One of the duties includes keeping the costs of manufacturing to a minimum while at the same time not affecting the quality of the products. He/she also calculates the costs of the final product. The production engineer is often considered a crucial part of the company he/she works for because of the extensive knowledge and understanding required for the job.

One of the ways the production engineer tries to keep costs low is by evaluating the production equipment and making sure that it is as efficient as possible. Production engineers also make sure that the employees in the manufacturing department are doing their jobs correctly. They also must make sure that the number of products manufactured will meet the demands of customers.

Another of the responsibilities of a production engineer is to calculate yield, which is the ratio of quality products to the total number of products produced. One way to increase the yield is by putting quality control programs in place, which is another job responsibility. Detailed procedures must be created, documented, developed, implemented and established, and the product must be tested at various stages as part of the quality control.

As one of the leaders in the manufacturing department, the production engineer must also be available to assist maintenance technicians if equipment breaks down, so that production deadlines can be met. He/she must also train employees so that they are able to do multiple tasks if other employees are absent. This position also sometimes requires knowledge of labor laws, along with safety and insurance regulations.

Some of the skills a production engineer must possess includes knowledge of statistics, so that when calculating the yield, he/she can determine if the product’s failure rate is statistically significant. If it is, then

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the production engineer is responsible for finding the source of the problem and fixing it. Other necessary skills might include mechanical and electrical design skills. These skills are used to design ways to test the products. The ev- er-increasing use of technology in manufacturing departments also requires a highly technical background.

Communication and interpersonal skills are also important in this position. Training employees requires the ability to communicate clearly and work well with people. The production engineer also often represents the manufacturing department at company meetings, requiring the ability to communicate what is going on in the manufacturing department to the rest of the company.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-does-a-production-engineer-do.htm

Задание 23. Работайте в парах. Составьте 3 вопроса по тексту и обсудите их с вашим партнером.

Задание 24. Дополните схему, используя сведения из текста (с. 26). Переведите схему на английский язык и разверните ее в учебный текст на английском языке.

Инженер-технолог

спецводоочистка

виды работ

Проектировщик designer, planner, projector

Задание 27. Изучите таблицу, выпишите транскрипцию терминов из словаря. Используйте полученную информацию при выполнении следующего задания.

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Задание 28. Дайте толкование понятия, опираясь на информацию, представленную в переводе. Используйте следующие выражения:

инженер-проектировщик – designing engineer водоснабжение – water supply

канализация – sewerage

вентиляция – ventilation

обязанность – duty

профиль – specialization

специализация – speciality

инженерные коммуникации – infrastructure

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ций разрабатывает схемы расположения в здании конкретных инженерных систем, выполняет соответствующие чертежи, согласовывает их с другими проектировщиками

Задание 29. Переведите текст, выделите основную информацию, оформите ее в виде опорной схемы. Перескажите текст, опираясь на полученную схему.

Urban designers work to create the best way of using city space for the usability and enjoyment of all residents. They plan designs for residential, business, industrial and recreation areas with present public needs as well as projected growth in mind. Urban design can make a big difference in how people use public space.

A public park, for example, is often included in urban design because it adds natural green space to an otherwise concrete, metal and glass array of buildings. Yet the amenities parks offer vary widely. While most public parks have playgrounds for children and room for field sports activities, some may include a skateboard area to provide youth with a place for skateboarding activity. Other parks may feature a pond with a circular path around it to provide walking or running space for a wide range of people. There are many ways to offer the public the use of park space and good urban design considers the needs and desires of the community.

For instance, if the space allows, an urban designer may include a dog park so that city dog owners have an area in which to exercise their dogs. In larger parks, an outdoor stage or band shell may be a part of the urban design to allow space for outdoor community concerts and plays. Urban design is not the same as urban planning. Urban planners decide where industrial, recreational and residential zones will be located, while urban designers take each zone and plan its design.

An important consideration in urban design is incorporating historic landmarks or buildings into modern structures. Informational plaques may be added to landscaped areas outside buildings in areas once noted as an important historical place. Modern buildings must blend well with the older ones to give the city a cohesive look, but the needs of all residents including children, the elderly and disabled persons must be taken into consideration. Everyone’s safety and ease of movement through the city’s amenities needs to be the focus when urban space is designed.

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Urban designers must be creative when designing city space to serve multiple purposes. For instance, apartments located over business space are popular in city areas as more people get accommodation on the same amount of land. After the urban design planning is completed, architects plan individual buildings and engineers construct them.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-urban-design.htm

Задание 30. Работайте в парах. Составьте 3 вопроса по тексту и обсудите их с вашим партнером.

Задание 31. Дополните схему сведениями о том, какие инструменты использует проектировщик, какие специализации в данной профессии выделяются, какие инструменты он использует в работе, каковы результаты его работы, какие виды чертежей выделяются. Дополните схему, используя сведения из текста (с. 29). Переведите схему на английский язык и разверните ее в учебный текст на английском языке.

проектировщик

специализации

Чертежник

delineator, designer, draftsman, planner

Задание 32. Изучите таблицу, выпишите транскрипцию терминов из словаря. Используйте полученную информацию при выполнении следующего задания.

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Задание 33. На основе информации, данной в переводе, и текста, представленного после таблицы, дайте развернутое толкование понятия. Используйте следующие выражения:

чертежные работы – drafting

сборочный чертеж – assembly drawing

габаритный чертеж – outline drawing

монтажный чертеж – mounting drawing

конструкторская документация – design documentation эскизный – sketch

с натуры – from life

втуши – to ink in

вкарандаше – in pencil условное обозначение – legend

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A drafter is an individual who creates detailed drawings of buildings, roads, machinery and other objects. While drafting has traditionally been done by hand, most modern drafting professionals rely on computer software programs to complete these drawings. Drafters use a type of software known as CADD, for Computer Animated Drafting and Design. CADD software is produced by many different companies, and may be slightly different depending on brand name and application.

The drafter is responsible for creating a visual representation of an object based on details and information provided by the object’s designer or creator. He/she not only illustrates the item but also provides written information about the object shown in the drawing. This information may describe the object’s size or physical characteristics along with materials and methods used for installing or constructing the item.

Architectural drafters are among the most common. These professionals work with architects, engineers, builders, and homeowners to draw the interior and exterior areas of a building. They create outlines of the building, known as floor plans, as well as real-life views called elevations. Elevations typically show details about the building, and are much easier for the casual observer to understand.

A civil drafter draws roads, tunnels, and bridges based on designs developed by engineers and architects. They may also work directly for municipal or government agencies to help design these types of public works projects. The civil drafter can also work for independent design firms or as a consultant.

Some drafting professionals may specialize in aeronautical projects including aircraft, space shuttles, and satellites. These individuals can find employment with aircraft manufacturing companies as well as government agencies. This type of drafting is fairly specialized, and may require advanced training in mechanical systems.

Electrical and mechanical drafters develop drawings of machines, tools, cars, pipelines, and wiring systems. They may work for manufacturing companies, research facilities, or even architectural and engineering firms. This type of drafting may also require some specialized training in mechanical and electrical principles.

Most individuals looking to pursue a career as a drafter will need to have some training beyond the high school level. Few four-year degrees are available in this field, but many schools offer two-year undergraduate degrees for drafters in various disciplines. Many technical schools also offer programs aimed at the drafting field, though these programs may not hold as much credibility as those offered by colleges and universities.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-does-a-drafter-do.htm

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Задание 34. Ответьте на вопросы, не глядя в текст:

1.What computer software programs do you know?

2.What is the drafter responsible for?

3.What spheres do drafting professionals specialize in?

Задание 35. Дополните схему сведениями о том, какие инструменты использует чертежник, какие специализации в данной профессии выделяются, каковы цели и результаты его работы. Дополните схему, используя сведения из текста (с. 32). Переведите схему на английский язык и разверните ее в учебный текст на английском языке.

чертежник

инструменты:

Задание 36. Составьте схему «Инженерные профессии». Постройте на ее основе учебный текст на английском языке. Используйте следующие выражения:

(prof.) use the following instruments in his work:… (prof.) work with such materials as…

As a result of (prof.)’s work … The work of (prof.) resulted in…

The results of (prof.)’s work are such building items as…

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Модуль 2. ОТДЕЛОЧНИКИ

(FINISHERS)

Верхолаз

Steeplejack, high-scaler

Задание 1. Дайте перевод толкования понятия.

Задание 2. Переведите текст. На основе сведений, полученных о понятии, составьте учебный текст на английском языке.

A steeplejack is a skilled construction worker who performs installations, maintenance, and repairs on tall buildings and structures. He/she might work on church steeples, bell towers, skyscrapers, and other structures that require expert scaling procedures. Professionals use many different types of specialized equipment to perform repair jobs, including safety ropes, bosun's chairs, ladders, and scaffolds. Even when proper safety precautions are taken, the work of a steeplejack is still dangerous and requires a high level of confidence and skill. Most steeplejacks work for contracting companies that provide a wide range of services.

Steeplejacks rarely work alone on large-scale jobs. Instead, crews of men and women perform specialized tasks to ensure quality installation and repair work. Steeplejacks erect scaffolds and ladders to work on relatively short structures, such as church steeples. If a new steeple is to be installed, one crew

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member operates a crane while other workers maneuver and secure the steeple into place. For a repair job, steeplejacks may need to cut away a damaged metal or wooden piece and hammer, screw, or weld a new one in its place. Professionals also paint or finish structures to improve their aesthetics and resistance to weather.

For maintenance work on tall structures like skyscrapers, steeplejacks usually descend from the top of buildings using safety ropes and harnesses. A worker often utilizes a bosun’s chair, a type of plank or seat that allows the expert to maneuver up, down, and side-to-side while hanging from the building. Once in place, they can perform such tasks as replacing a broken window or worn bricks. Many steeplejack companies also offer window-washing services for high-rise apartments and office buildings.

There are no strict educational requirements to become a steeplejack, though many prospective workers enroll in technical school programs to hone their construction skills. Before a new employee is allowed to start scaling buildings, he/she is usually required to attend several safety training courses and practice their techniques at ground level. Steeplejacks typically begin their careers as apprentices to experienced workers to become familiar with various tasks before working independently. An apprenticeship can last from six months to five years, depending on a company's policies and local laws governing what types of jobs workers are allowed to perform.

Many countries offer professional certification to individuals who successfully complete internships. A certified worker usually enjoys many different job opportunities and chances for advancement within steeplejack companies. Some professionals decide to open their own contracting business, where they take on administrative duties in addition to performing actual repair and maintenance work.

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-does-a-steeplejack-do.htm

Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы, не глядя в текст:

1.Why is the work of a steeplejack dangerous?

2.What requirement should a steeplejack meet?

Задание 4. Дополните схему сведениями о том, какие инструменты и приспособления использует верхолаз, ремонт каких объектов производит. Переведите схему на английский язык и разверните ее в учебный текст на английском языке.

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