•Then we removed the sheet between crystal and the magnetic track.

• Then we found that we were able to levitate the crystal some distance above the track.

•We tried to propel it with a little push of our fingers (here we have used a pen instead, crystal was too cold to handle by naked hand) and we were easily able to run our crystal on the track.

WORKING PRINCIPLE

The superconductor here YBCO crystal, when placed in the fields of the permanent magnets, gets locked exhibiting the Meissner effect or Quantum Locking.

When the crystal is placed on a magnetic track, the effect is that the superconductor remains above the track, essentially being pushed away by the strong magnetic field right at the track's surface.

This happens in this way:

When a superconductor at its critical temperature is exposed to a magnetic field, currents are induced within it and induce an opposing magnetic field. Due to the lack of any resistivity, the currents are able to perfectly mirror the magnetic field applied to the superconductor.

The resulting magnetic force causes not only the levitation but precision control above the rail which is made up of permanent magnets.

To set the locomotive in motion, we need only to give an initial impulse to it by hand. Due to lack of friction, the locomotive moves over the track continuously until the YBCO crystal warms up.

ADVANTAGES OF MAGNETICALLY LEVITETED TRAINS

•These trains do not carry equipment such as transformers and invertors making it light weight, slim and still capable of harnessing a large propulsive force.

•There are no current collectors and electromagnetic force levitates the vehicle, so that there are no wheels or rail adhesion problem.

•The superconducting magnetically levitated trains are naturally stabilised .

•There is no risk of derailing.

•The Maglev Train can become one of the fastest transport media in the whole world.

•It is a safe and efficient way to travel.

•They need insignificant guide-way maintenance.

•Maglev trains are not slowed or have their schedules affected by snow, ice, severe cold, and rain or high winds.

•Due to the lack of physical contact between the track and the vehicle, maglev trains experience no rolling resistance, leaving only air resistance and electromagnetic drag, potentially improving power efficiency.

•Maglev trains produce less noise than a conventional train at equivalent speeds.

•These trains are not only fuel efficient but also eco-friendly.

OBSERVATIONS

We observed that a real train working on this model is possible in near future

It can be observed how superconductors can be used in transport system which will not only be faster but also fuel efficient.

Meissner effect or Quantum Locking can be used as a powerful tool for further development of the magnetic levitation concept.

The Meissner effect and quantum locking phenomenon can be used instead of traditional electromagnetic concept to build a levitated frictionless train with no chance of derailing.

It can be observed that instead of using any fuels, cryogenic liquids can be utilised efficiently in future transport system.

It can also be observed that the travelling on land can be made very fast and efficient.

CONCLUSION

Maglev is a technology that has been around for some time, but has only recently become feasible after years of development. Even now, its practicality is questionable due to its high costs.

Maglevs will soon become a much faster and more reliable alternative to conventional rail; and once mankind is able to figure out the secret to flying trains.

ASSUMPTIONS & LIMITATIONS

Quantum locking will always work irrespective of physical environment.

The assumptions include that the magnetic field created by the track will not affect the human beings in the train.

Meissner effect and Quantum locking are sole principle on which this model works.

Limitations cannot be denied. Some of which are that it only works over a strong magnetic field, meaning that we need new magnetic track roads.

There is a limit to how far above the track it can be pushed, of course, since the power of the magnetic repulsion has to counteract the force of gravity.

The superconductor used should attain perfect diamagnetism and should not contain any magnetic fields inside the material. If this does not happen, the levitation isn't stable.

SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK

Magnetic levitation (maglev) can create frictionless, efficient, far-out-sounding technologies. Some of the future technologies that can be developed under these concepts are:

•Personal rapid transit (PRT), also called podcar, is a public transport mode featuring small automated vehicles operating on a network of specially built guide ways.

•High Speed Ground Transportation a family of technologies ranging from upgraded existing railroads to magnetically levitated vehicles, is a mode of transportation that can best link cities 100 to 500 miles apart.

•Super Speed Tube Travel Right now speeds are limited at up to 400 kilometres (250 miles) per hour due to the excessive air resistance encountered at these speeds. But in future vacuum tube designs could allow them to travel over seven times faster in the future. This is known as evacuated tube transport.