уровень анти-В антител в крови пациента с «неправильно» пересаженным сердцем: динамика адсорбции
Relative titer (before Tx=100)
Immunoabsorption
1000 900 800 700 600
500 400 300
200 |
|
|
|
|
accomodation |
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
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0-10 |
10 |
30 |
50 |
70 |
90 |
110 |
|
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days after heart transplantation |
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Альтернатива
адсорбционному
методу
эритроцит
31 система групп
No. |
System name |
System symbol |
Gene name(s)* |
Chromosomal location |
CD |
|
|
|
|
|
numbers |
001 |
ABO |
ABO |
ABO |
9q34.2 |
|
002 |
MNS |
MNS |
GYPA, GYPB, GYPE |
4q31.21 |
CD235 |
003 |
P |
P1 |
|
22q11.2–qter |
|
004 |
Rh |
RH |
RHD, RHCE |
1p36.11 |
CD240 |
005 |
Lutheran |
LU |
LU |
19q13.32 |
CD239 |
006 |
Kell |
KEL |
KEL |
7q34 |
CD238 |
007 |
Lewis |
LE |
FUT3 |
19p13.3 |
|
008 |
Duffy |
FY |
DARC |
1q23.2 |
CD234 |
009 |
Kidd |
JK |
SLC14A1 |
18q12.3 |
|
010 |
Diego |
DI |
SLC4A1 |
17q21.31 |
CD233 |
011 |
Yt |
YT |
ACHE |
7q22.1 |
|
012 |
Xg |
XG |
XG, MIC2 |
Xp22.33 |
CD99† |
013 |
Scianna |
SC |
ERMAP |
1p34.2 |
|
014 |
Dombrock |
DO |
ART4 |
12p12.3 |
CD297 |
015 |
Colton |
CO |
AQP1 |
7p14.3 |
|
016 |
Landsteiner-Wiener |
LW |
ICAM4 |
19p13.2 |
CD242 |
017 |
Chido/Rodgers |
CH/RG |
C4A, C4B |
6p21.3 |
|
018 |
H |
H |
FUT1 |
19q13.33 |
CD173 |
019 |
Kx |
XK |
XK |
Xp21.1 |
|
020 |
Gerbich |
GE |
GYPC |
2q14.3 |
CD236 |
021 |
Cromer |
CROM |
CD55 |
1q32.2 |
CD55 |
022 |
Knops |
KN |
CR1 |
1q32.2 |
CD35 |
023 |
Indian |
IN |
CD44 |
11p13 |
CD44 |
024 |
Ok |
OK |
BSG |
19p13.3 |
CD147 |
025 |
Raph |
RAPH |
CD151 |
11p15.5 |
CD151 |
026 |
John Milton Hagen |
JMH |
SEMA7A |
15q24.1 |
CD108 |
027 |
I |
I |
GCNT2 |
6p24.2 |
|
028 |
Globoside |
GLOB |
B3GALT3 |
3q26.1 |
|
029 |
Gill |
GIL |
AQP3 |
9p13.3 |
|
30 |
Rh-associated glycoprotein |
RHAG |
RHAG |
6p21-qter |
CD241 |
31 |
Forssman |
Fs |
Fs |
|
|
ксенотрансплантация
(пересадка органов между разными видами)
|
фермент |
антиген |
антитела |
|
|
Gal-трансфераза |
Gal 1-3Gal |
к Gal 1- |
|
|
3Gal |
|||
|
|
|
||
свинья |
есть |
есть |
нет |
|
человек |
нет |
нет |
высокий |
|
уровень |
||||
|
|
|
РЕКОМБИНАНТНЫЕ |
ГЛИКОПРОТЕИНЫ |
|
системы экспрессии: |
|
|
ПРИМЕРЫ: |
||
• E. coli |
||
• дрожжи |
Цередаза (GlcCer-глюкозидаза) |
|
• растительные клетки* |
GМ-CSF (гранулоцит-макрофаг |
|
• CHO |
||
колониестимулирующий фактор) |
||
|
||
|
IL (интерлейкины) |
|
|
ЕPО (эритропоэтин) |
|
|
|
ПРОБЛЕМЫ: |
нет активности |
|
|
(возникают, если |
неправильная |
фармакокинетика |
|
гликозилирование |
нестабильность |
неправильное, или вовсе |
|
отсутствует) |
иммуногенность ( Gal) |
Generic Designation |
Therapeutic Protein |
Expression System |
|
Agalsidase alfa |
α-galactosidase A |
Human cell line |
|
Agalsidase beta |
α-galactosidase A |
CHO cells |
|
Aldesleukin |
Interleukin 2 |
E. coli |
|
|
The extracellular CD2-binding portion of the human |
|
|
Alefacept |
leukocyte function antigen-3 (LFA-3) linked to the Fc portion CHO cells |
||
|
of human IgG1 |
|
|
Algulcosidase alfa |
Acid glucosidase |
CHO cells |
|
Alteplase |
Tissue plasminogen activator |
CHO cells |
|
Anakinra |
Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) |
E. coli |
|
Anti-hemophilic factor |
Factor VIII |
BHK & CHO cells |
|
Antithrombin alfa |
Antithrombin |
Transgenic goat’s milk |
|
Becaplermin |
Platelet-derived growth factor |
S. cerevisiae |
|
Calcitonin-salmon |
Salmon calcitonin |
E.coli |
|
Chorionic Gonadotropin alfa Chorionic Gonadotropin |
CHO cells |
||
Darbepoietin alfa |
Engineered erythropoietin with 2 extra N-glycans (long- |
CHO cells |
|
acting) |
|||
|
|
||
|
Diphtheria toxin fragments A and B (Met1-Thr387)-His |
|
|
Denileukin diftitox |
followed by the sequences for interleukin-2 (IL-2; Ala1- |
E.coli |
|
|
Thr133) |
|
|
Dibotermin alfa |
Bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2) |
Dornase alfa |
Deoxyribonuclease I |
Drotrecognin alfa (activated)Activated Protein C |
|
Epoetin alfa |
Erythropoietin |
|
A dimeric fusion protein consisting of the extracellular |
Etanercept |
ligand-binding portion of the human 75 kilodalton (p75) |
|
tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) linked to the Fc |
||
|
||
|
portion of human IgG1 |
CHO cells
CHO cells
Human kidney cell line (293 cells)
CHO cells
CHO cells
Glycosylationa
N-links [5, 6]
N-links [5, 6]
None
N-links [7]
N-links [8, 9]
N-links [10–13]
None
N-links & O-links [14, 15]
N-links [16, 17]
None
None
N-links & O-links [18–20]
N-links & O-links [21, 22]
None
N-links
N-links [23]
N-links [24]
N-links & O-links [21, 22, 25
]
N-links & O-links [26]
Factor VIIa |
Factor VIIa |
Factor VIII |
Antihemophilic Factor |
Factor IX |
Factor IX |
Filgrastim |
G-CSF with an N-terminal methionine |
Follitropin beta |
Follicle-stimulating hormone |
Galsulfase |
N-acetylgalactosamine 4 sulfatase (Arylsulfatase B) |
Glucagon |
Glucagon |
BHK cells
BHK cells & CHO cells & animal cell line
CHO cells
E. coli
CHO cells CHO cells
S. cerevisiae
N-links & O-links [27]
N-links [28]
N-links and O-links [29–31]
None
N-links [32, 33]
N-links [34]
None
конец первой части
нейраминидаза вируса
гриппа
РЕЛЕНЗА (ингибитор нейраминидазы)
