Index

n A, B

Abstract classes vs. interfaces area() method, 88 comparation, 117–118 error, 88

object, 89 points, 89–90 reasons, 87–88

semantic and usage differences, 116–117 Shape class, 88

summary, 111

syntactical differences, 116–117

Advanced class design. See also Abstract classes chapter overview, 87

class diagram, 87 enum data types

EnumTest.java, 104 points, 106 PrinterType.java, 105 printer types, 103 summary, 112 typesafe solution, 103

final classes final class, 90 methods, 91 points, 91 string, 90

subclasses, 90 summary, 111 variables, 91

nested classes

anonymous inner class, 102–103 benefits, 94

definition, 94 inner classes, 97–99

local inner classes, 99–101 static nested classes, 96–97 summary, 112

types, 95

quick summary, 487–488 questions and answers abstract class, 107 compile error, 108

enum class, 110–111 inner class, 109

static keyword block, 93–94 class variables, 92

instance variable, 92 points, 94 printCount(), 93 program, 92 summary, 112

Assertions

assert statement AssertionError, 351

command line arguments, 352 compiler error, 351

in Java, 350 restricted use of, 352

exercises AccessDeniedException, 354

AccountNotFoundException, 357 ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, 355 compiler error, 356

derived type handler, 357 foo() method, 353 initCause() method, 355

new RuntimeException(oob), 355

n C

Chained Exceptions, 326

Collections framework. See also Concrete classes, Collections framework; Generics

algorithms (collection class) output, 195 PlayList.java, 193–194 static methods, 192

■ Index

Collections framework (cont.) arrays class

list() method, 198–199 methods, 195–198 points, 200–201

comparable and comparator interfaces ComparatorTest2.java, 190–191 ComparatorTest.java, 190–189 compareTo() method, 189 differences, 192

components

abstract classes and interfaces, 172–173 interface, 173–174

types, 171

hashCode() and equals() methods, 171 overview, 147–148

points, 200–201

quick summary, 489–490 question and answer, 201–203 reusable classes, 171

Composition vs. inheritance has-a and is-a phrases, 120 OCPJP 7 exam, 123 reasons, 121–122 resultant code, 122–123

sorting implementation, 121 Concrete classes, Collections framework

deque interface methods, 186

returns value (methods), 187 SplQueueTest.java, 188

iterator interface, 172 list classes

ArrayList implements, 175–177 LinkedList class, 178–179 ListIterator interface, 177

map interface HashMap, 181–182

NavigableMap interface, 184–185 override-hashCode()

method, 182–184 set interface

HashSet, 179–180

TreeSet, 180–181 Concurrency, 435

atomic variables AtomicVariableTest.java, 452–453 methods, 451

package and description, 450 section, 452

summary, 483

Callable, Executors, ExecutorService and ThreadPool

CallableTest.java, 465 call() method, 464 get() method, 465

shutdown() method, 466 summary, 483 SumOfN.java, 466, 468

conditions

await(), signal(), and signalAll(), 456 overloaded methods, 456 RailwayStation.java, 457–458

run() method, 458 data flow, 435 Executor interface

classes/interfaces, 462–463 execute() method, 464 ExecutorTest.java, 463–464

Fork/Join framework algorithm, 470 classes, 471–472

divide-and-conquer, 471 problem solving, 472–477 steps, 470

summary, 483 java.util.concurrent package

collection class, 435 concurrent collections, 447–450 CountDownLatch, 438–439 CyclicBarrier, 442, 444 exchanger, 440–441

low-level constructs, 435 Phaser, 444–447 semaphore, 436–438 summary, 482

thread synchronization, 435 locks

advantages, 453–454 ATMRoom.java, 455–456 insert() method, 461–462 methods, 454

multiple conditions, 459–461 summary, 483 synchronized keyword, 453 tryLock() method, 454

overview, 435 points, 478

question and answer, 478–482 ThreadFactory

ThreadLocalRandom class, 469 TimeUnit enumeration, 469–470

Concurrency programming asynchronous execution, 403–405 Internet applications, 394 introduction, 433

join () method, 402–403 Object class, 394

quick summary, 504–505 runnable interface

compiler errors, 397 declaration, 397

■ Index

n E

Enum data types EnumTest.java, 104 points, 106 PrinterType.java, 105 printer types, 103 summary, 112 typesafe solution, 103

Exceptions and assertions. See also Assertions custom exceptions

constructors, exception class, 348 CustomExceptionTest, 349 Exception(), 348 Exception(String), 348 Exception(String, Throwable), 348 Exception(Throwable), 348 InvalidInputException.java, 348 methods, exception class, 348 StackOverflowError, 347 String.getMessage(), 348 Throwable.getClause(), 348 Throwable[] getSuppressed(), 348 toString() method, 350

void printStackTrace(), 348 exception handling

after throwing exception, 329 base type, 324

bit-wise OR operator, 325 blocks, 327

chained exceptions, 326 close() method, 327–328 consoleScanner.close(), 328 debugging, 330

derived type, 324 echo.java, 318 error condition, 318

exactly matching, 321 exceptional chaining, 330 exception, try and catch, 320 foo() method, 331

general catch handlers, 325 general exception handler, 325 getCause() method, 327 getStackTrace() method, 321 handlers, multiple catch, 324 handling error, 319 IllegalArgumentException, 319 IllegalStateException, 323 initCause() method, 327 InputMismatchException, 322 Integer.parseInt() method, 331 matching handler, 321 multi-catch blocks, 324 multiple catch blocks, 322 nextInt(), 320

NoSuchElementException, 323

NumberFormatException, 331 object, constructor, 326

| (OR) operator, 325 overloaded constructor, 326 precise rethrow, 331 printStackTrace() method, 321 resource leak!, 327

resources release, 329 ScanInt1.java, 319 Scanner.nextInt() method, 323 stack trace access, 320–321 syntax, keywords, 318 System.exit(), 329

Throwable class, 327 throwing exception, 318 try and catch, 320 unhandled exceptions, 319

quick summary, 499–501 TryWithResources

close(), 335

closing resources, 333 explicit catch, without, 332 finally blocks, without, 332 getSuppressed(), 335 invalid inputs, 333 resource variables, 335 supressed exception, 335 try-finally block, 332 ZipEntry, 334

zip file creation, 333 zipFile.putNextEntry() method, 334 ZipTextFile, 334

types of exception apex class, 336

ArithmeticException, 341 ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException, 339 array member, 340

AssertionError, 343 BufferOverflowException, 341 BufferUnderflowException, 341 checked exceptions, 336

class hierarchy, FileNotFoundException, 345 ClassCastException, 341

clone() method, 338 CloneNotSupportedException, 338 compiler error, 346 EOFException, 338

error class, 341 error message, 337 FileInputStream, 337

FileNotFoundException, 337, 339, 345 FileNotFoundExceptions, 338 forcing, for exception, 336

hierarchy in Java, 336 IllegalArgumentException, 341

IndexOutOfBoundException, 341 IntReader interface, 345

IOError, 343 IOException, 338 LinkageError, 343

main() method, throw clause, 344 NegativeArraySizeException, 341 NoClassDefFoundError, 341, 343 NonTerminatingRecursion.java, 342 NoSuchElementException, 341, 346 NullPointerException, 341 OutOfMemoryError, 343 overloaded constructor, 343 override and throw clause, 345 ParseException, 338

programming errors, 340 readIntFromFile(), 344 ReflectiveOperationException, 338 RunTimeException, 338 SQLException, 338

stack frame, 342 StackOverflowError, 343 statements, throw, 346 subclasses, class, 338 subclasses, error, 343

subclasses, RunTimeException, 341 throw clause method, 343 unreported exception, 346 UnsupportedOperationException, 341 VirtualMachineError, 343

n F

Factory design pattern Calendar class, 134

differences-abstract factory design patterns applicability, 135

features, 139 implementation, 136–138 UML class diagram, 135

implementation, 132–134 output, 135

required object(s), 132 Shape interface, 134 UML class design, 132

File I/O (NIO.2) class design, 251

classes (methods to attributes), 258–259 copy (file/directory)

copy() method, 265 Files.copy(), 264 summary, 280

directories

file change notification, 274 modification events, 274

■ Index

program steps, 275–276 summary, 280

file finding FileTreeWalkFind, 272 glob syntax, 271–272 summary, 280

visitFile()/preVisitDirectory() method, 271

working process, 273 history, 251–252

move (file/directory)

basic implementation, 266 Files.move() method, 265

path interfaces

basic information, 255–256 comparison, 257 definition, 252

directories, 252 methods, 253 summary, 280 symbolic links, 252 toPath() method, 256

points, 276

properties and metadata BasicFileAttributes, 263–264 file attributes hierarchy, 262 getAttribute() method, 261–262 isDirectory() method, 260 methods, 261

PathCompare2, 259 PathExists, 260 readAttributes(), 262

quick summary, 494–496 question and answers

loops, 277

newWatchService() method, 279 normalize() method, 278 relativize() method, 278 SimpleFileVisitor interface, 277–278

tree

example, 267 file copy, 270

FileTreeWalk, 268–269 input directories, 269 method, 267 summary, 280

Final classes final class, 90 methods, 91 points, 91 string, 90 subclasses, 90 summary, 111 variables, 91

■ Index

n G, H

Generics classes

compiler error, 156

getFirst() and getSecond() methods, 155–156 main() method, 155

PairOfT.java, 156

PairTest.java, 154 definition, 148

diamond syntax, 157–158 feature, 148

methods, 160–162

object base class vs. generics

generics (container implementation), 152, 154 object class (container implementation), 150–151

object type and type safety println, 148–149

raw type Vector, 149 Vector class, 148

points, 203–204

quick summary, 489–490 question and answer, 201–203 raw types

backward compatibility, 158 legacy code, 159

output, 159 RawTest2.java, 159–160

wildcard parameters

bounded wildcards, 165–168 collections framework, 168–169 limitations, 164–165

meaning, 163 points, 170 section, 163

WildCardUse.java, 164

n I

Inheritance conversions

inconvertible types, 76 instanceof, 76–77 strongly-typed language, 74 upcasts and downcasts, 74–75

partial hierarchy, 63 polymorphism

area() method, 65–67

Deeper Dive (overriding), 70–72 overriding issues, 68–69

static and dynamic type, 65 superclass methods, 73–74

refresh() method, 65 relationship, 63 return types, 69–70 write methods, 64

Interfaces. See Abstract classes

I/O fundamentals. See also Streams (read and write files) chapter overview, 225

class design, 225 console class

character handling, 229 Echo command, 226 in formatted I/O, 228 method, 227

return null, 226 summary, 249

points, 249–250

quick summary, 493–494 question and answers

code segment, 247–249 resources statement, 248–249 serialization, 247

n J, K

Java class design, 45, 87. See also Advanced class design; Object-oriented programming (OOP)

access modifiers

package-protected access, 51, 54–55 private method, 53

public method, 52 types, 51

class foundations, 84 class fundamentals

access modifiers, 51–55 constructors, 49–50 object creation, 49 various parts, 48

exam topics, 45 inheritance

conversions, 74–77 partial hierarchy, 63 points, 85 polymorphism, 65–74 refresh() method, 65 relationship, 63 write methods, 64

overloading

constructor overloading, 57–60 method overloading, 56 overload resolution, 60–62 points, 84

polymorphism, 55 rules, 63

packages advantages, 77 class name, 78 declaration, 78

graphicshape package, 79 hierarchy, 79

naming conventions, 80

points, 85

static import, 79–80 quick summary, 486–487

Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) API, 313

architecture database, 284–285

two-tier and three-tier configuration, 283 types, 283

class design, 281 connection

databases, 286–288 interface, 285 summary, 314

features, 281 points, 309

quick summary, 496–498 query and updates

database queries, 290–292 data updates, 293–299 metadata, 299

points, 300 ResultSet, 289–290

statement interface, 288–289 summary, 314–315

question and answers code segment, 310 interfaces, 313 JDBC 3.0, 312 MySQL, 310 operations, 311 RowSets, 313 SQLException, 312

requirements, 281–282

RowSetProvider, RowSetFactory and RowSet Interfaces, 315

steps, 282 transaction

ACID properties, 300 commit() method, 301 connection interface, 301 DbTransaction, 301–302 execution, 303

inconsistent and erroneous database, 300 MySQL command line, 303

rollback() method, 304–306 RowSet interface, 306–308 summary, 315 updateString() method, 303

questions with answers (explanation), 80–84 java.util.concurrent package

collection class, 435 concurrent collections, 447–450 CountDownLatch, 438–439 CyclicBarrier, 442, 444

■ Index

exchanger, 440–441 low-level constructs, 435 Phaser, 444–447 semaphore, 436–438 summary, 482

thread synchronization, 435 Java SE 7 Programmer II, 507

n L

Localization, 361

load, resource bundles bundlename, 372 CandidateLocales.java, 374 country, 372

language, 372 loadResourceBundle(), 375 locale details, 373

naming conventions for, 372 packagequalifier, 372 qualified name, 372

ResourceBundle.getBundle() method, 375 sequences, 373

variant, 372

load, resource bundlesLgetCandidateLocales() method, 375

local culture format currency class, 380 CurrencyDetails.java, 380

Currency getCurrency(), 379 CustomDatePatterns.java, 385 DateFormat class, 381

Date parse(), 381 DatePrint.java, 382 DateStyleFormats.java, 382 DateTimePrint.java, 383 format class and subclass, 376 format() method, 377 FormatNumber,java, 377 FractionDigits.java, 378

int getNumericCode(), 380 LocalizedCurrency.java, 379 NumberFormat, 377

Number parse(String source), 378 parse() method, 377 PatternStringExample.java, 384 setMaximumFractionDigits(), 378 SimpleDateFormat class, 384 static Currency getInstance(), 380

static DateFormat getInstance() methods, 381 static Locale[] getAvailableLocales(), 379, 381 static NumberFormat getCurrencyInstance(), 379 static NumberFormat getInstance(), 379

static NumberFormat getIntegerInstance(), 379 static NumberFormat getPercentInstance(), 379

■ Index

Localization (cont.)

static Set<Currency>getAvailableCurrencies(), 380 String formar(), 378

String format(Date date), 381 String getDisplayName(), 380 String getDisplayNAme, 380 String getSymbol(), 380 String getSymbol(Locale), 380 time pattern, 386

time pattern.java, 386 locales

availability checking, 363 class, 362

codes, 364 getAvailableLocales(), 363 getDefault(), 363 getDisplayName() method, 363 getDisplayVariant(), 366 getScript(), 366

getting details, 365 getVariant(), 366 LocaleDetails, 365 methods in class, 362

static Locale[] getAvailableLocales(), 362 static Locale getDefault(), 362

static void setDefault(Locale newLocale), 362 String getCountry(), 362

String getDisplayCountry(), 362 String getDisplayLanguage(), 362 String getDisplayVariant(), 363 String getLanguage(), 362

String getVariant(), 363 String toString, 363 th_TH_TH_#u-nu-thai, 364 toString() method, 363

point outs

Italian locale, 387 LIstResourceBundle class, 389 load resource bundle, 391 NumberFormat.getInstance(), 389 read and set locale, 390

resource bundle buil, 390 setMaximunFactionDigits, 388 text format, 391

quick summary, 501–503 resource bundles

abstract class, 366–367 ClassCastException, 371 derived classes, 366 English Locale, 367 getContents(), 369

in Java, 366 Italian Locale, 367

ListResourceBundle, 367

ListResourcesBundle, 369

LocalizedHello.java, 368

MissingResourceException, 371

PropertyResourceBundle, 367

ResBundle.java, 370

n M

Method overloading approaches, 56

different functions, 56–57 feature, 56

fillColor() method, 56–57

Multi-threading. See Concurrency programming

n N

Native-API driver, 283 Native-protocol driver, 283 Network-protocol driver, 283 Nested classes

anonymous inner class definition, 102 points, 103

StatusReporter.java, 102 syntax, 102

benefits, 94 definition, 94 inner classes

Circle.java, 98 limitation, 99 outer class, 99 points, 99 syntax, 97

local inner classes getDescriptiveColor() method, 101 points, 102

static nested class, 100 syntax, 99

toString() method, 100 static nested classes

points, 97 syntax, 96

TestColor.java, 96–97 network-protocol driver, 283

summary, 112 types, 95

Non-inheritable class. See Final classes

n O

Object-oriented programming (OOP), 113, 123. See also Design patterns, OOP

abstraction, 45 chapter overview, 113 concepts, 45

design principles, 113 dynamic binding, 45 foundation, 46

abstraction, 47 encapsulation, 47 inheritance, 47 polymorphism, 48

FunPaint application, 46 inheritance hierarchy, 45 interfaces

abstract classes vs. interfaces, 116–118 class, 114

common boundary, 113 declaration and use of, 114–115 key rules, 115

points, 145 protocol, 113 roll() method, 114 To() method, 114

object composition abstractions, 119

composition vs. inheritance, 120–123 FunPaint application, 119

Point class, 119 toString() method, 120

quick summary, 488–489 questions and answers, 143–145

OCPJP 7, 513, 569

abstract class, 569, 587, 607, 611 abstract factory pattern, 598, 615 access for class, 558

addFirst() inserts, 604, 617 addition of strings, 563 All() method, 587, 611 append class, 556 ArrayList removes, 577, 609

ArrayStoreException, 514, 608 asList, 560

AsList, 563 AssertionError, 583, 608

AutoCloseable, 540, 550, 564 atomicInt.incrementAndGet(), 587, 612 AtomicInteger, 594, 613

AutoCloseable interface, 586, 613 base and derived class, 515 BigDecimal, 513, 556

boolean operation, 515, 617 BufferedReader, 615 calling last(), 615

Calling run(), 616 class definitions, 525 class Printf, 535

class/interface support, 525 ClassCastException, 534 close(), 539

■ Index

close() method, 564, 610 Closeable, 539

code segment behavior, 513 cohesion, 559 Comparable<Task>, 596, 609 comparator, 524

compilation and execution, 513 compilation error, 558, 569, 607 composition, 559 concurrent.atomic package, 531, 562

ConcurrentModificationException, 570, 608 Connection.rollback() method, 560 constructors, 607

CountDownLatch, 613 co-variant return type, 616 Date object, 614 DateFormat class, 596 deadlocks, 611

declared abstract, 617 DEFAULT_CTOR, 516 derived class, 557 diamond syntax, 561 dir file.txt, 608

doSomething() method, 609 driver manager ensures, 615 dstFile, 546

dynamic type, 610

end of stream (EOS), 565 enums, 525, 559 equals() method, 613 exceptions, 564

FileNotFoundException, 584, 610 FilterReader, 566

finalize method, 566

finalize() and clone() method, 589, 611 floating point type, 617

foo() method, 610 Fork/Join framework, 613 Format class, 561

format string, 614 future object, 551

generic type and methods, 560, 608, 611 getChannel() method, 566 getPathMatcher(), 548

glob expression, 566 HashSet, 561 IdentityHashMap, 562

IllegalThreadStateException, 612 inputFile, FileReader, 550 instanceof operator, 612

integer functions, 560, 608 interface operation, 558 interface Iterable<T>, 572, 608 iterator() method, 560

java –ea –da, 545

■ Index

OCPJP 7 (cont.)

java CopyFile HelloWorld.txt, 543 java.nio.file, 543 java.sql.Savepoint, 560–561 java.util.concurrent package, 533 java.util.concurrent.locks, 552 java.util.regex, 538 ListResourceBundle, 559, 571, 607 Locales, 561, 614–615

lock() method, 567 LockUnlock, 552 Mao interface, 612 mapping, 531 matches(), 564 month index, 615

moveToInsertRow() method, 515 multi catch block, 546 MYCONST, 517

myThread, 592, 613 NavigableSet, 561 normalize(), 565 NOT statement, 547

NullPointerException, 556, 605, 616 NUM class, 556 NumberformatException, 536

+ operator, 563 ordinal method, 614 outer class, 598, 615

outputFile, FileWriter, 539 overload resolution, 600, 610 override methods, 600, 610 parse() method, 596, 614 Point constructor, 516 Point(), 557

Point2D, 575, 608 PreparedStatement, 597, 615 print2() method, 603, 616 printf() method, 563

println method, 557 PrintlnTest, 536 PrintStream, 539 PriorityQueue, 577, 609 read() method, 565 readLine() method, 610 readPassword(), 566 reference types, 559 regex, 580, 616

replaceAll() and replace() methods, 609 resource bundles, 562 ResourceBundle, 562

ResultSet, 554

run() method, 551, 612 runFinalizersOnExit(), 556 Runnable interface, 551, 612 Runnable object, 594, 613 runtime exception, 500, 600, 616

savepoint, 529 serialization, 542 serialVersionUID, 542 singleton pattern, 558 skip() method, 565 snap-shot instance, 607 srcFile, 546

start() method, 567, 612 states, 567, 613

StingBufer replace() method, 556 string operation, 547 StringBuffer(), 556 str.split(regex), 577, 609

subpath method, 565 super() method, 516 suffix .java, 573, 608 synchronization, 533 TemplateType, 527 terminates, 588, 610

testFilePath.normalize(), 543 this() method, 516

thread priorities, 588, 612 ThreadFactory interface, 594, 613 ThreadLocalRandom, 560 threads, 533, 590, 612–613 toString() method, 563 TransferObject, 559

transient modifier, 612 TraversalRowSet, 605, 617 TreeSet, 561 try-with-resource, 564 type arguments, 560 UML diagram, 524 unlock() method, 567

Unicode characters, 586, 611

unsorted and retain unique elements, 578, 609 VAL, 540

valueOf(int) method, 586, 611 wait() method, 589, 609 while statement, 547

OCPJP 7 exam, 1. See also Oracle Java Certifications congruent exams, 1

cost, 6 duration, 5

exam tips, 485–486

Java language features and APIs, 6–7 key points, 9–10

language concepts, 6 passing scores, 6 preparation, 7–8 questions, 5

real-world programming experience, 7 register and pay online, 9

registration options, 8 sample exams, 8 sections, 1

voucher from, 9

web site registeration, 9 ODBC-JDBC bridge drivers, 283 Oracle Java Certifications

comparison (1Z0-803, 1Z0-804 and 1Z0-805 exams), 2–3

differences, 4 different levels, 1–2

Java certification path, 2 OCAJP 7 exam, 4 OCPJP 6/OCPJP 7, 4 prerequisite, 4

Overloading, Java constructor overloading

object instantiation, 57–58 output, 60

parameters, 59–60 statement, 58

method overloading approaches, 56

different functions, 56–57 feature, 56

fillColor() method, 56 overloaded resolution

compiler, 61 definition, 61 error message, 62 methods, 60

polymorphism, 46 rules, 63

n P, Q

Pretest

OCPJP 7 exam ArithmeticException, 39 array comparison, 13, 36 Arrays.sort, 38 AssertionError, 39

base variables, 15, 37 beginIndex, 28 blocking execution, 42 catch exception, 31 ClassCastException, 38 classpath, 42

code snippet, 40 compiler error, 20–21 composition, 38

CopyOnWriteArrayList.class, 42 CopyOnWriteArrayListTest.class, 32 correctness checking, 39

count, static variable, 38 critical executions, 40 date object, 42 dequeueing elements, 20

■ Index

endIndex, 28 enumeration, 37 equality program, 12, 36 equals() method, 13, 36 exception handling, 39 exceptions, 39

exceptions handle program, 16, 37 file creation failures, 40

files for execution, 28 format specifier, 38 getDefault() method, 40 Glob pattern, 40

IllegalMonitorStateException, 41 inheritance class, 37

interface methods, 37 IOException, 40

Java AssertionFailure, 39 JdbcRowSet object, 41 join() method, 41

OO design concept, 38 overload() method, 36 override method, 37 pattern identification, 39 patterns, 39

points program, 12, 36 preparedStatement() method, 40 probability of head and tail, 14, 36 regex pattern, 38

remove() method, 38 replacement methods, 37 ResourceBundle properties, 42 runtime error, 20 serialization, 40

sets program, 41 sleep() method, 41 sorter function, 38 SQLException, 41

statement verification, 40 str variable, 14, 36 switch statement, 17, 37 TempSensor table, 41 testing for execution, 38 thread class, 41

Thread.currentThread(), 41 throw exception, 25

time formatter, 35 timing and questions, 12 TreeSet string, 40

variable declaration, 15, 37 variable values, 38

wait() method, 41 watch service, 40

post-pretest evaluation, 42–43 Processing strings. See String

processing

■ Index

n R

regex symbols in Java

classes, 212

matcher() method, 212 replacement, 216–217 search and parsing, 213–216

metasymbols, 211–212 quantifier symbols, 212 use of, 211–212

ResultSet, 289–290 rollback() method

DbSavepoint, 304–306 points, 304

program, 306 Row interface

DbQuery5, 308 definition, 306 flexibility, 305 hierarchy, 307

JdbcRowSet implementation, 306 RowSetFactory newFactory(), 307–308 String factoryClassName and ClassLoader

classloader, 308–309

n S

Serialization definition, 242

FileOutputStream, 244 flat files, 242 metadata, 243 objects, 244

ObjectStreamExample.java, 242–243 persistence, 242

readObject() method, 245 TransientSerialization, 244–246

Singleton design pattern creational design pattern, 128 ensure

double-checked locking, 130–131 inner classes, 131 multi-threaded environment, 129 synchronization, 130

FunPaint application, 129 getInstance() method, 129 meaning, 128

UML class diagram, 128 Split() method, 209–210 Static keyword

block, 93–94 class variables, 92

instance variable, 92 points, 94

printCount(), 93 program, 92 summary, 112

Streams (read and write files) binary files, 229

byte streams

data streams, 240–241 differences, 230 InputStream, 237

InputStream and OutputStream classes, 238 OutputStream, 237

reading text files, 238–240 serialization, 242–246

character streams

classes (reader class), 230–231 classes (writer class), 232 differences, 230

reader hierarchy, 230 reading text files, 232–233 tokenizing text, 235–237 writer hierarchy, 231

writing and reading text files, 233–235

Java source files and class files (difference), 230 summary, 250

String processing chapter overview, 205 class design, 205 formation

points, 221

printf() method, 218 specifiers, 218–221

indexOf() method implementation, 206–207 prefix/suffix, 207 regionMatches() method, 207 search argument, 206 SearchString1.java, 206

parsing

conversions, 208–209 Split() method, 209–210

quick summary, 490–493 regular expression

definition, 211

regex symbols, 211–218

Synchronized blocks vs. Synchronized methods, 412

n T, U, V

Threads. See also Concurrency programming chapter overview, 394

class design, 393 concurrent access

data races, 407–408 deadlocks, 413–415 livelocks, 415

lock starvation, 416 summary, 434 synchronization, 408–412 thread states, 425–427, 429

wait/notify mechanism, 417, 419–424 quick summary, 503–504

states

getState() instance method, 405 getState() method, 406 operating system level, 406 runnable state, 406

summary, 434 Thread.sleep() method, 401–402 toPath() method, 256 TryWithResources

close(), 335

closing resources, 333 explicit catch, without, 332 finally blocks, without, 332 getSuppressed(), 335 invalid inputs, 333 resource variables, 335 supressed exception, 335 try-finally block, 332 ZipEntry, 334

zip file creation, 333 zipFile.putNextEntry() method, 334 ZipTextFile, 334

n W, X, Y

Wait/notify mechanism CoffeeMachine class, 416–417 CoffeeShop class, 418–419

■ Index

communication, 416 makeCoffee() method, 417 notify() and notifyAll(), 419–420 output, 419

ploblem solving, 420–421, 423–424 summary, 434

Waiter class, 417–418

n Z

1Z0-804 a.k.a. Java SE 7 Programmer II advanced class design, 508 concurrency, 510

database application with JDBC, 509 exceptions and assertions, 509 generics and collections, 508

Java class design, 507 Java file I/O (NIO.2), 509 Java I/O’s, 509 localization, 510

object oriented design principles, 508 string processing, 508

threads, 509

1Z0-805, a.k.a. Upgrade to Java SE 7 Programmer concurrency, 511

database applications, JDBC, 511 design patterns, 510

Java file I/O (NIO.2), 511 language enhancements, 510 localization, 511