2.2.4. A) Complete the following utterances using hints. Make use of proper pre- and central determiners, pre-modifiers and prepositional groups.

b) Comment on the situation described in every item according to how you see it.

e.g. It is no easy matter to find a parking place near your house. Actually, it’s … (major problem, big cities).

A) You reproduce a full statement saying: … Actually, it’s a major problem of all big cities.

B) You comment saying: Quite so. It’s very hard to find a parking space downtown.

1. The chronic lack of equipment is … ( permanent issue).

2. Reporting to the management on our progress is … ( regrettable necessity, setback for our research team).

3. The study raises … that one’s viewpoint on fundamentals is very nearly unchanged. ( possibility)

4. … , we will win. Actually, I’m almost sure of it. (probability)

5. I welcome … to sketch needed revisions and to comment on reiterated criticism. (chance)

6. Several of … … in the article cluster about the concept of a nanobot. (key, problems)

Note: in stories and films, nanobot is a machine that can move and perform jobs, but is so small that it cannot be seen unless you use some special equipment.

7. … … we are to be careful saying things. (obvious, reasons)

8. There is … for chairs on the premises, I must say. (strong, demand)

9. … …. quickly discloses the shortages of the system (control, procedure).

10. The scientist’s … to think in an original way is much … … . . (capacity, demand)

11. Professor is famous for his remarkable … (power, persuasion).

12. It is … … … to make a subjective and irrational enterprise of science. (obvious / blatant, attempt)

13. With … of acquiring systematic, time-tested and corrigible knowledge we study hard. (intension)

14. The question is whether the project matches … … of the students. (aspirations)

15. Most people know pretty well nothing about grammar and are, … , bad at it. (probability)

2.2.5. Read and translate the following word groups into Russian distinguishing between the meanings of participles. .

best understood concepts, a formed string of words, a missed opportunity, a determining factor, a forming opinion, a formed opinion, the missing part of the text, a sense-making element, identified names, identifying characteristics, a skipped word, a controlling device, controlled temperature, the conveyed meaning, a conveyed message, a conveying vehicle, well-adjusting organisms, a well - adjusted procedure, annotated text - размеченный текст

2.2.6. Specify through participle modifiers. Use the given verbs as hints. In some examples both participles can be used; explain the difference in meaning.

e.g. We need some procedures to disclose the shortages of the system. (test)

We need some testing procedures to disclose the shortages of the system.

We want evidence. (test)

We want tested evidence only.

1. There must be a smooth surface for the experiment. (clean)

2. Why not get a special surface machine? (clean)

3. Make use of the hints. (give - given)

4. The research project is not going to be finished soon. (stick – stuck)

5. There was nothing on the board except one poster. (stick)

6. This door is driving me nuts! (stick)

7. The new report forms will only add to the workload of teachers. (press – already/ hard-pressed)

8. The evidence is obviously the evidence in a very real sense. It impacts on the entire research frame. (give)

9. The symbols show the purpose of each substance. (designate)

10. Michael was our driver at the last party. (designate)

11. The version is slightly different from the original. (translate)

12. The device converts information from one system of representation to another. (translate)

13. A number of people in our organization want to take part-time jobs. (grow)

14. The popularity of the product is the result of interest in it. (carefully / grow)

15. I noticed the boss’ notes. (neatly / word-process)

16. Electronic firms usually employ many workers. (process)

(process – make goods ready to be used or sold)

17. Before turning the gadget on study the booklet for instructions. (accompany)

18. A song always sounds better. (accompany)

19. I guess a response is most adequate. (restrain)

20. Measures do not always work. (restrain)

21. Palladium-catalyzed reactions are now in the arsenal of the organic chemist. (practice)

22. Perhaps it does not look too complicated to the eye. (practice)

23. This assumption is at least a view. (oversimplify)

24. Elizabeth felt she missed something during the talks. And that was the thing about it. (disturb)

25. ‘There are always some pretty sick minds with a mental imbalance in this world,” Kate said. ’They sort of go in cycles.” (disturb, balance)

26. What is going to make you accept or refuse the offer? Your self-esteem? (value)

27. A further paper by Hotelling gives a version of the power method for finding principal components. (accelerate)

28. A contract like this is a highly technical document , and all the words in it have meanings, which aren’t necessarily the same as in everyday speech.(very/ specialize)

29. No one can do whatever they like, apparently. There are some rules. (specify)

30. Every applicant is to do the task during an amount of time. (specify)

31. We are to produce some descriptions to account for our research approach. (clarify)

32. The issues will further the development of the concept. (clarify)

33. The agent is to be similar to the substance in chemical properties. (substitute, substitute)

34. The reader can find some definitions in a good dictionary. (interest)

35. The visitor was obviously a customer. (slow- / choose)

36. The technique proved efficient. (choose)

37. Several developments have stimulated new interest in the topic. (relate)

38. Our main goal is to help the reader develop knowledge of optimization. (work / acquiring the modifier the noun gets countable)

39. It is adequate for the potential user to develop implementations of the methods we describe. (work)

40. A very common pitfall is to forget the presence of the function in the field. (analyze, transform) 41. It’s a small industry with a certain number of players. (limit)

42. Nowadays, solar physics is one of the fields of astrophysics. (most rapidly / develop)

43. Astronomy is a course at this department. (teach)