Вариант 2

Задание 1. Времена глагола в действительном залоге. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму. Переведите предложения.

1. Yesterday they (not work) in the laboratory as there was no electricity.

2. When they (heat) water to 100 degrees it (begin) to boil.

3. They (use) this new device in their work soon.

4. The future of astronautics (be) a logical continuation of what has already been achieved.

5. Nuclear power stations on floating platforms (produce) not only great amounts of fresh water from the sea, but (help) on weather control.

Задание 2. Страдательный залог. Переведите предложения, учитывая, что глагол-сказуемое стоит в пассивном залоге.

1. The positive particle in the nucleus of the atom was given the name of "proton".

2. Until 1960 this reaction was unknown.

3. These factors are unaffected by temperature changes.

4. This procedure was dropped having given low yields of end products.

5. The data obtained cannot be regarded as evidence of the postulated reaction.

6. This theory is born out by the facts.

Задание 3. Модальные глаголы. Найдите и подчеркните в каждом предложении модальный глагол. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы.

1. We are able to obtain various fuels from the crude oil.

2. Before the designer begins his work he is to know the specifications of the future device.

3. A power plant cycle has to convert a portion of the stored energy of a fuel into work.

4. The student had to be sent to the hospital as he was badly hurt.

5. All concerned authorities must act accordingly.

6. After the convection the heated or cooled fluid may flow to some other region.

Задание 4. Глаголы to be и to have. Переведите предложения, учитывая разные функции и перевод глаголов to be и to have.

1. The fundamentals of electricity are the fundamentals of electronics, both are branches of physics.

2. Among the advantages of this type of generators is the fact that it does not have to be synchronized.

3. The main aim of these changes is to reduce the amount of paper used.

4. In some mills refrigerating systems had to be installed.

5. Twelve United Nations information centres have developed their own Web sites.

Задание 5. Многофункциональные слова one, that, those, it. Переведите предложения, учитывая особенности перевода многофункциональных слов one, that, those, it.

1. This component is similar to that one.

2. Fahrenheit's construction is the one often used for the household thermometres.

3. It is now generally recognized: one of the most important problems of modern natural sciences is that of photosynthesis.

4. The results are in good agreement with those calculated from the mobility data of Green.

5. It is copper which is the most widely used conductor.

6. Success could make it easier to obtain support from development partners.

Задание 6. Неличные формы глагола: причастие Participle I и Participle II, герундий и инфинитив. Найдите и подчеркните в каждом предложении неличную форму глагола. Переведите предложения, учитывая разные функции и соответствующий перевод причастий, герундия и инфиитива.

1. The results obtained by our laboratory are much better.

2. The processes being investigated give a yield in the range of 85 to 95 %.

3. This view is supported by many of the trends reported below.

4. To overcome pollution problems is the main goal of the industry.

5. Methods for measurement and analysis of this vibration are too numerous to discuss here.

6. The modern tendency is to locate the plant where the raw material is.

7. Learning a foreign language helps us to know better our native one.

Задание 7. Определите часть речи подчеркнутых слов. Помните, что одинаково написанные слова могут принадлежать к разным частям речи. Объясните, как вы определили, к какой части речи относится выделенное слово.

1. They start a new experiment.

2. This is the start of the reaction.

3. Natural fibres swell in water and cement together as they dry.

4. The soil was very dry.

5. The coal consumption amounts to 500 pounds per capita.

6. The amount of new timber grown was more than the amount of timber harvested by 33 % in 1991.

Задание 8. Переведите однокоренные слова, учитывая значения суффиксов, префиксов и другие признаки частей речи.

1. to use – the use – useful – useless – misuse – user – used – unused – unusable – to reuse – reusable

2. a limit – to limit – limitation – limited – unlimited – limitless – limitable – limiting

3. a change – to change – changeable – unchangeable – interchange – interchangeable – interchangeability

4. to add – addition – additional – additionally – additive (тех.)

Задание 9. Прочитайте текст и выполните письменный перевод 2, 4, 5 7 абзацев.

ACADEMIC DEGREES

1. An academic degree is a title awarded by a college or university for successfully completing a course of study or for a particular attainment. Academic degrees have been in use for about 800 years; the first one recorded was the Doctor of Civil Law conferred by the University of Bologna (Italy) in the middle of the 12th century. This was followed by the Doctor of Canon Law and Doctor of Divinity and, in the 13th century, by doctorates in medicine, grammar, logic and philosophy. The use of degrees spread from Bologna to other European universities. Originally, the doctor's (from Latin doctor, "teacher"; from docere, 'to teach") and master's degrees were used interchangeably, each indicating that the holders were qualified to teach, and the titles of Master, Doctor and Professor were synonymous. On the other hand, the bachelor's or baccalaureate degree (from Latin baccalaureus, a bachelor of arts) was used to indicate the entrance upon a course of study preparatory to the doctorate or mastership, and not achievement. Gradually, however, it came to mean successful completion of one level of study preparatory to a higher degree.

TYPES OF DEGREES

2. Four principal types of academic degrees are associate, bachelor, master and doctor, representing different levels of academic achievement. A few institutions confer additional types of degrees, representing other levels of achievement.

BACHELOR'S DEGREE

3. The bachelor's degree, usually representing completion of a four-year course of study on a collegiate level, is the oldest and the best-known academic degree, particularly under the designation of Bachelor of Arts. Some varieties of bachelor's, or baccalaureate, degree is currently offered by about 750 institutions, most of which offer a Bachelor of Science in Education. Other baccalaureate degrees offered by a large number of institutions are Bachelor of Education, Bachelor of Music, Bachelor of Business Administration, Bachelor of Divinity, and Bachelor of Home Economics. Most institutions offer more than one variety of Baccalaureates, but about one tenth report use of the Bachelor of Arts only, regardless - of the particular curriculum completed.

MASTER'S DEGREE

4. The earned master's degree in general represents one year of work beyond the baccalaureate, but in a few institutions or in a few fields it requires two years of graduate work. The most frequently awarded master's degrees are Master of Arts, Master of Science, Master of Education, Master of Business Administration, Master of Music and Master of Fine Arts. The Master of Philosophy degree is conferred to those who have completed all requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree except the doctoral dissertation.

DOCTOR'S DEGREE

5. The Doctor's Degree represents the most advanced earned degree. In the academic sense, a doctor is an individual in any faculty or branch of learning, who has attained to the highest degree conferred by a university. Doctor's degrees are of two distinct types - professional or practitioner's degrees, and research degrees.

6. The former represent advanced training for the practice of various professions, chiefly in medicine and law. The principal ones are Doctor of Medicine, Doctor of Dental Science, Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, Doctor of Pharmacy and Doctor of Jurisprudence. These degrees carry on implication of advanced research.

7. Quite different in character are the research doctorates representing prolonged periods of advanced study, usually at least three years beyond the baccalaureate, accompanied by a dissertation designed to be a substantial contribution to the advancement of knowledge. The most important of these is the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), which no longer implies knowledge of philosophy, but which represents advanced research in any major field of knowledge. Second in importance and much more recent as a research degree is the Doctor of Education (Ed.D.). It was first awarded by Harvard in l920.

Задание 10. Подберите к английским словам и выражениям их русские эквиваленты.

to award	предполагать знание
an attainment	учебный план
holders	присуждать
successful completion	успешное завершение
an associate	профессиональная степень
designation	обозначение
a curriculum	степень практикующего специалиста
to represent	с учебной точки зрения
in the academic sense	присваивать/присуждать
a professional degree	на равных основаниях
a practitioner’s degree	направление обучения
a research degree	достижение
former	обладатель звания
to imply knowledge	определенный
to confer	ученая исследовательская степень
a branch of learning	упомянутый выше
distinct	младшая ученая степень
interchangeably	являться

Задание 11. Подберите к словам из первой группы слова с синонимичным значением из второй.

to complete	a sphere
to record	to report
to teach	awareness
preparatory	primary
academic achievement	to finish
a collegiate level	to educate
an institution	to get a grade
regardless	teaching
a graduate work	an alumni paper
a field	to mean
to earn a degree	an occupation
training	disregarding
a profession	a considerable input
a substancial contribution	a university grade
major	preliminary
knowledge	an educational establishment
to represent	scholastic accomplishment

Задание 12. Подберите к словам из первой группы слова с антонимичным значением из второй.

successfully	antonymous
synonymous	unfavourably
entrance	distant
higher	beginning
completion	lower
advanced	to abandon
principal	basic
to accompany	succeeding
recent	conclusion
additional	fundamental
preparatory	minor

Задание 13. Соедините термин с его определением.

	Analysis		Evidence that is sufficient to show that smth. is a fact, etc
	Comprehensive		A list of the items that have to be discussed at a meeting
	Minutes		Careful or patient study of subject in order to discover or revise facts, theories, principles
	Paper		The act of combining separate ideas, beliefs, styles; a mixture or combination of them
	Proof		A long essay written on an academic subject
	Research		The detailed study or examination of smth in order to understand more about it
	Sophisticated		Absolutely necessary; relating to the essence of a thing
	Synthesis		Complex, intricate