Вариант № 3

Задание № 1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

Capital punishment

Capital punishment is a practice in which prisoners are executed in accordance with judicial practice when they are convicted of committing what is known as a “capital crime”. Capital crimes are crimes deemed so heinous that they should be punishable by death. People may also use the term “death penalty” to refer to capital punishment. Worldwide, this practice is extremely controversial, with a variety of concerns ranging from human rights to economic efficiency being raised in discussions about capital punishment.

The practice of executing people for certain crimes is very old; in fact, the term itself dates to a Latin root, to a common execution method used in Roman times. At various points in history, a wide range of crimes have been punishable by death, including rape, murder, treason, mutiny, and theft. In the military, death sentences for “cowardice” were used during the First World War, when soldiers were shot by firing squads assembled from the men who served with them, providing both a punishment and a warning.

In early 1800s some members of society were pushing for abolition of the death penalty, arguing that it was an inhumane method of punishment. Many abolitionists were also involved with animal welfare organizations and antislavery organizations. Their efforts were at least partially successful; by the beginning of the 21st century, only 58 nations were practicing the death penalty, and several of these nations had very restrictive terms which had to be met in order for capital punishment to be an option.

Arguments for capital punishment include the suggestion that it acts as a deterrent, by reminding criminals that they can pay the ultimate price for some claims. Supporters argue it is possible to administer the death penalty justly and humanely.

Opponents confirm that the death penalty creates the potential for erroneous executions of innocent people.

vocabulary

capital punishment prisoners they are convicted a “capital crime” punishable by death the term “death penalty” human rights a common execution method rape, murder, treason, mutiny, and theft death sentences for “cowardice” abolition abolitionists restrictive terms criminals deterrent erroneous executions of innocent people

высшая мера наказания (смертная казнь) заключённые (подсудимые) они осуждены (признаны виновными) тяжкое преступление наказуемо смертной казнью термин “смертная казнь” права человека распространённый метод наказания изнасилование, убийство, государственная измена, мятеж и кража смертные приговоры за “трусость” аболиция (отмена) аболиционисты ограничительные условия преступники устрашающий фактор ошибочные казни невинных людей

Задание № 2. Перепишите только верные утверждения по тексту “Capital punishment”.

1. Capital crimes are crimes deemed so heinous that they should be punishable by death.

2. The practice of executing people for certain crimes is very young.

3. In early 1800s some members of society were pushing for abolition of the death penalty.

4. In early 1800s the efforts of the abolitionists were successful.

5. Opponents confirm that the death penalty creates the potential for erroneous executions of innocent people.

Задание № 3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения с причастиями (Participle I, Participle II), обращая внимание на особенности их образования и перевода. Выпишите причастия. Определите их форму и функцию.

1. The having been read Resolution was adopted.

2. The Government and the Parliament will be encouraging the development of crime prevention schemes.

3. Great Britain has a highly developed economy.

4. Justice is being administered by courts of all instances.

5. Written evidence is of great importance in the court.

6. When committing a crime he was sure the police wouldn’t arrest him.

Задание № 4. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения с причастными оборотами, обратите внимание на особенности их образования и перевода. Определите причастные обороты в предложениях.

1. The work having been done, we were happy to be free.

2. We could see the judge coming into the court-room.

3. The witnesses were seen discussing the details of the case.

4. The Senate consists of 2 members from each state, chosen for 6 years, one third being reelected every 2 years.

Задание № 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения с герундием (Gerund), обратите внимание на особенности его образования и перевода. Определите форму и функцию герундия в предложениях.

1. His being charged with a felony surprised his friends.

2. Society cannot exist without using political instruments of power.

3. There was no hope of his being acquitted.

4. The investigator finished examining the crime scene.

5. Maintaining order in the society means establishing the rule of law to preserve life and to protect property.

Задание № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие условные придаточные предложения I, II и III типа. Обратите внимание на особенности их образования и перевода.

1. If I had not been a judge, I would have become a journalist.

2. If the accused cannot find a lawyer himself, the court will find the one for him.

3. If a person crossed the street in a wrong place, he would certainly be fined.

Задание № 7. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на соблюдение правила о согласовании времён.

1. It had been stressed that according to the British laws a person could not be tried twice or more times on the same charge.

2. They appealed to the Supreme Court after the trial had fi-nished.

3. Everyone understood that the problem was of great importance.

4. In the report it had been stated that the principal responsibility of the central government was to preserve law and order.

Задание № 8. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие сослагательное наклонение, обращая внимание на особенности его образования и перевода.

1. It is important that the law be observed by every citizen of the society.

2. The investigator insisted that interviewing skills be learned in the process of work.

3. I wish the judge could free this person in the courtroom because of lack of evidence.

4. If he had committed a serious crime the police would have arrested him immediately.

5. He spoke to the judge as if he were not guilty.