Вариант № 1

Задание № 1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст.

The American Constitution

The American Constitution (adopted in 1787), the oldest still in force in the world, sets the basic form of government for the country. It is based on the doctrine of the separation of powers. There are three separate branches of power – executive, legislative and judicial, each of them having powers over the others. It specifies the powers and duties of each federal branch of government, which cannot be abused, being guaranteed by the system of checks and balances. Government power is also limited by means of a dual system of go-vernment in which the federal government is given the power and responsibilities to deal with problems facing the nation as a whole, including foreign affairs, trade, control of the army and navy, etc, the remaining responsibilities and duties of government being left to the individual state governments.

The Con­stitution has been repeatedly amended to meet the changing needs of the nation, but it is still the supreme law of the country. Under the Constitution the ultimate power is not given to the President (the executive branch), or to the Supreme Court (the judicial branch). The Constitution doesn’t give the main power to any other branch, political group or party, as in many other countries. According to the American Constitution the ultimate power belongs to “We the People”, in fact and in spirit.

The first 10 Constitutional Amendments, known together as the Bill of Rights, give the American citizens all the fundamental rights. These rights include the freedom of religion, speech and press, the right of peaceful assembly. These rights also guard the citizens against unreasonable searches, arrests and seizures of property, and establish a system of justice.

Americans are greatly proud of their Constitution as their rights were neither given to them by a small ruling class, nor they can be taken away by the government, court, or law.

vocabulary

still in force the basic form of government the separation of powers the powers and duties federal branch of government which cannot be abused the system of checks and balances government power a dual system of government the power and responsibilities foreign affairs the individual state governments has been repeatedly amended in fact and in spirit Constitutional Amendments the Bill of Rights the freedom of religion, speech and press the right of peaceful assembly unreasonable searches arrests and seizures of property a system of justice

всё ещё в действии основная форма управления разделение властей полномочия и обязанности федеральная ветвь управления которой нельзя злоупотреблять система сдерживания и уравновешивания власть правительства двойная система управления власть и полномочия иностранные дела правительства отдельных штатов часто вносились поправки по сути и по духу Конституционные поправки Билль о правах свобода религии, слова и печати право на мирные собрания необоснованные обыски аресты и конфискация имущества система правосудия

Задание № 2. Выберите правильный ответ на вопрос по тексту “The American Constitution”.

What freedoms does the Bill of Rights give the American citizens?

1. The Bill of Rights gives the American citizens only the right to vote.

2. The Bill of Rights gives the American citizens all the fundamental rights.

3. The Bill of Rights gives the American citizens the freedom of religion.

Задание № 3. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. In order to know English well you must learn many new English words.

2. He will be able to speak two foreign languages in four years.

3. Romans boys had to memorize the code as a part of their school task.

4. You should remember that a man’s life may depend on your evidence.

5. If the President vetoes the bill, it can’t become a law.

Задание № 4. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения в страдательном залоге. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог.

1. Our country is governed by the Parliament.

2. The man was released from prison last month.

3. We hope his innocence will be proved.

4. This law had been approved by the Parliament recently.

5. A number of measures to strengthen the criminal justice system are being taken by the Government.

Задание № 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода инфинитива в определённой функции. Из каждого предложения выпишите форму инфинитива и укажите его функцию в предложении.

1. To detect the criminal is very often not an easy task.

2. The main duty of militia officers is to fight crime.

3. It is necessary for a lawyer to study judicial decisions.

4. The President of the country is to carry out the programme of the country.

5. To be informed about the details of the case he went to the Police Station.

6. The document to be approved is very important.

Задание № 6. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода объектного инфинитивного оборота (Complex Object). Из каждого предложения выпишите данный оборот.

1. I heard the door of the court-room open.

2. We all knew him to be a very experienced barrister.

3. Everyone wished the judge to start the sitting of the court as soon as possible.

Задание № 7. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода субъектного инфинитивного оборота (Complex Subject). Из каждого предложения выпишите данный оборот.

1. The data is unlikely to be wrong.

2. He was said to have been permitted to leave the room.

3. The young woman is considered to be in need of care and protection.

Задание № 8. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на особенности перевода инфинитивного оборота c предлогом “for”. Из каждого предложения выпишите данный оборот.

1. The bill was too complicated for the Parliament to approve it after the first reading.

2. The policeman let the person go for him not to break the curfew.

3. The prisoner waited silently for the judge to pass the sentence.