Vocabulary File.

Ex. 1 Listen, look, repeat.

1. to belong to smb - принадлежать кому-либо

2. to mention – упоминать

3. to consider – считать, рассматривать

4. to found – основать

5. a fortress – крепость

6. to surround - окружать

7. power – сила, власть

8. to increase – увеличивать(ся)

9. thus – таким образом

10. struggle – борьба

11. to expand – расширять(ся)

syn. to enlarge

12. to conquer – завоевать, одержать победу

13. a wealthy state –богатое государство

14. an artisan – художник-умелец, ремесленник

15. a merchant – купец, торговец

16. a war (civil) – война (гражданская)

17. to invade – вторгаться

18. invasion – вторжение

19. to drive(drove, driven) out of – выдворить, изгнать

20. to elect – избирать

21. to launch – запускать, начинать (какой-либо проект, план, т.д.)

Ex. 2 Read the sentences with the new words.

1. to belong to – принадлежать кому-либо

Who did this palace belong to?

2. to mention – упоминать

His name was mentioned several times.

3. to consider – считать, рассматривать

They considered themselves very important.

4. to found – основать

Moscow was founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.

5. a fortress – крепость

6. to surround – окружать

The fortress was surrounded by a massive stone wall.

7. power – сила, власть

8. to increase – увеличивать(ся)

The political and economic power of the country has increased during recent years.

9. thus – таким образом

10. struggle – борьба

Thus the end to Russian people’s struggle against the Mongol-Tatar yoke was put.

11. to expand – расширять(ся)

syn. to enlarge

Recently the territory of Moscow has been expanded (=enlarged) considerably.

12. to conquer – завоевать, одержать победу

Ivan the Terrible conquered a lot of new lands and regions.

13. a wealthy state – богатое государство

By the 16^th century Moscow had become the capital of a strong and wealthy state.

14. an artisan – художник-умелец, ремесленник

15. a merchant – купец, торговец

A lot of artisans and merchants came to live and work in Moscow.

16. a war (civil) – война (гражданская)

17. invasion – вторжение

The Time of Troubles was characterized by civil wars and invasions.

18. to drive(drove, driven) out of – выдворить, изгнать

A lot of people were killed and driven out of their houses during the war.

19. to elect – избирать

The Russian President is elected for a term of 6 years.

20. to launch – запускать, начинать (какой-либо проект, план, т.д.)

The first space ship with a man aboard was launched in the Soviet Union in 1961.

Ex.3 Read the pairs of words with similar meaning.

to belong to – to be owned by to mention – to refer to

to consider – to think about to found – to start

to conquer – to win(won) a victory (over) to increase – to grow(grew, grown)

to expand – to enlarge to be invaded – to be occupied by an army

wealthy – rich to launch – to send into space,

a conqueror - an enemy to start a project, etc.

Ex.4 Replace the words in bold type by the words of the active vocabulary.

1. Moscow was owned by Prince Yuri Dolgoruki in 1147.

2. Her name was referred to several times in his speech.

3. She never thinks about other people’s needs.

4. This company was started in 1997.

5. Ivan the Terrible could win a victory over Kazan.

6. The political and economic power of this state is growing.

7. Since the war time the territory of Moscow has been enlarged several times.

8. Moscow was occupied by the Polish army in 1610.

9. A lot of rich people live in this part of the city.

10. This project was started last year.

11. Russia could always win victories over its enemies.

The history of Moscow is old and dramatic. Centuries and centuries back the village of Moscow belonging to Prince Yuri Dolgoruky (the Long-armed) was first _{mentioned in the chronicles. It was the year 1147 and it is considered the year of} the foundation of Moscow. Prince Yuri Dolgoruky is considered its founder. In those times a small wooden fortress, surrounded by a wooden wall, was built on the bank of the Moskva-river. At one time all of Moscow was situated within the Kremlin walls (the word “Kremlin” – “Kreml” in Russian – means “fortress”). In the 14^th century under Ivan the First a Great Moscow Principality was founded. Its political and economic power increased, thus putting an end to the Russian people’s struggle against the Mongol-Tatar yoke.

Ivan the Fourth, named Grozny (the Terrible) expanded the territory of Moscow Principality by conquering the part of Siberia, the Volga and Astrakhan regions. By the 16th century Moscow had become the capital of a strong and wealthy state. As Moscow grew, the newcomers, among them artisans and merchants came to live and work in the city. Some Italian architects were invited to construct beautiful cathedrals in the Kremlin.

Unfortunately, the first two decades of the 17th century are known in the Russian history as the Time of Troubles, which was characterized by civil wars and invasions. In 1610 Moscow was occupied by the Poles. Finally the Poles were driven out of Russia and in 1613 a 16-year-old Mikhail Romanov was elected its Tsar. A 300-year dynasty was launched.

Ex.5 Answer the questions to the text.

1. When was Moscow founded and who is considered its founder?

2. What was Moscow like at that time?

3. What does the word “Kreml” mean in Russian?

4. When was a Great Moscow Principality founded? How powerful was it?

5. How far did Ivan the Terrible expand the territory of Moscow Principality?

6. When did Moscow become the capital of a strong and wealthy state?

7. Who came to live and work in Moscow at that time?

8. What was the Time of Troubles characterized by?

9. When did the Romanovs come into power in Russia?

10. How long did the dynasty last?

Unit 3. The History of Moscow. Part 2.