5. Choose the correct word.

1. In all societies, relations between people are ________ by prescriptive laws.

1. registered b) reduced c) regulated d) refuted

2. Customs need not be made by ________, and they need not be written down.

1. people b) judges c) philosophers d) governments

3. In England the ultimate legislator is ____________.

1. parliament b)government c) state d) court

4. In England, in accordance with the tradition that the law is to be sought in ________ decisions, their writings have in the past been treated with comparatively little respect.

1. executive b)legislative c) judicial d) trial

5. In England there is no one document or fundamental body of law that can be described as a “__________”.

1. law records b) legislation c) jurisdiction d) constitution

6. Constitutional law can be changed, amended, or abolished just like any rule of _______ law; there is no field in which Parliament is forbidden to legislate.

1. personal b) private c) public d) previous

7. The branches of the ________ are: the executive, headed by the President; the legislative, which includes both houses of Congress; and the judicial, which is headed by the Supreme Court.

1. parliament b) government c) regulation d) ruling

8. When the judge rules in such a case he ________, because future courts must usually ‘follow’ him.

1. legislates b) legitimizes c) legalizes d) legates

9. In all countries, at all times, the decisions of courts are treated with respect, and they tend to be regarded as '______' which subsequent courts will follow.

1. precepts b) prejudices c) prescriptions d) precedents

10. Many philosophers have proposed concepts of ______ that are much more theoretical than everyday notions of fairness.

1. justiciary b) justice c) justification d) jurisdiction

6. Choose the correct tense form.

1. The judge usually … to settle a dispute.

1. try b)tries c) is trying d) has tried

2. They … already their disagreement.

1. solve b) solved c) has solved d) have solved

3. A week ago our solicitor … all papers for buying a new house.

1. prepared b) has prepared c) had prepared d) would prepare

4. He … ask the solicitor’s advice because the matter was concerned with tax liability.

1. have to b) had to c) has to d) had

5. You … ask the solicitor’s advice. It’s a difficult matter.

1. can b) may c) must d) should

6. The … dispute was concerned with the contract infringement.

1. settle b) settled c) settling d) to settle

7. Next week the judge … the case on basis of precedent.

1. will try b) would try c) shall try d) should try

8. Statutes … usually by Parliament.

1. passed b) are passed c) were passed d) pass

9. English law… on the common law tradition.

1. based b) are based c) is based d) has based

10. Attorneys … be used not only to resolve problems, but also to prevent them.

1. can b) may c) have to d) ought to

11. Common law codes … not be confused with Civil Law codes.

1. can b) may c) should d) have to

12. Continental systems … as codified or Civil Law legal systems.

1. are known b) are knew c) know d) have known

13. The precedents formed by … cases are, thus, the ‘anchors of the laws’.

1. deciding b) decide c) decided d) to decide

14. Laws … either be written or unwritten.

1. must b) can c) could d) may

15. It is obvious to most people that dangerous driving … be punished.

1. must b) need c) should d) have to