Пособие

Contents

TYPES OF LEGAL PROFESSIONS IN ENGLAND AND WALES 3

Solicitors 3

Barristers 6

Magistrates, Judges and other legal professions 12

THE COURT SYSTEM OF ENGLAND AND WALES 17

THE COURT SYSTEM OF THE USA 24

LAWMAKING PROCESS IN GREAT BRITAIN 30

LAWMAKING PROCESS IN THE USA 35

INSURANCE 39

FACTORY PRODUCTION 46

Types of legal professions in england and wales Solicitors

List of words

Read and learn the words

to advise	советовать
an agent	представитель; доверенное лицо
a case	судебное дело; случай, прецедент
a clerk	клерк ,солиситор-практикант
a client	клиент
to deal with something	иметь дело с
defense	защита
to include	включать в себя, содержать в себе
to increase	возрастать, увеличиваться; расти
litigation	тяжба; судебный процесс
to pass an exam	сдать экзамен
to prepare	готовить, подготавливать
to qualify	получать какую-л. профессию
a solicitor	солиситор, стряпчий
a will	завещание
to work on something	работать над чем-либо

Ex. 1. Make up word combinations by matching the word from A with its best association from B and translate them.

A	B
to make	on cases
agents for	as a solicitor
to increase	legal documents
to prepare	a will
to pass	an exam
to work	rapidly
to qualify	litigation

Ex.2. Match the words with their definitions.

a client	an action or suit at law
a will	the action of protecting oneself
a case	a person who acts on behalf of another person
defense	the declaration of a person's wishes regarding his or her property after death
an agent	a person, company, etc., that seeks the advice of a professional man or woman

Ex.3. Think of your own sentences with the following word combinations.

To work on court cases, to deal with all the day-to day work, act in all courts as the agents for litigation, to give advice, to make a will, to appear as advocates in lower courts, to get into trouble; to prepare legal documents, to join a practicing solicitor as a “clerk”, to pass the Law Society exams.

Ex.4. Read the text.

Solicitors

England is almost unique in having two different kinds of lawyers, with separate jobs in the legal system. The two kinds of lawyers are solicitors and barristers.

If a person has a problem, he will go and see a solicitor. Solicitors can be found everywhere. There are about 50000 solicitors in Britain. Solicitors make up the largest branch of legal professions in England.

Solicitor is a type of practicing lawyer in Britain. Solicitors work on court cases and deal with all the day-to day work. Solicitors give advice, do the necessary work when property is bought or sold. If one wants to make a will the person to advise him is a solicitor. If one gets into trouble with the police one can ask a solicitor to help prepare legal document for his defense.

Solicitors have a right to act in all courts as the agents for litigation or representatives of their clients, but they may appear as advocates only in lower courts. Solicitors can speak in the County Court, when the case is one of divorce or recovering some debts. In the County Court the solicitor wears a black gown over his ordinary clothes.

The education required of a solicitor includes a law school course. To qualify as a solicitor one is to join a practicing solicitor as a “clerk” and to work for him for a period of five years (three years for university graduated) in order to pass the Law Society exams. Solicitors must be British Commonwealth citizens (The Commonwealth is an organization of about 50 countries that were part of the British Empire).

Ex. 5. Answer the questions.

1. How many solicitors are there in Great Britain?

2. Do solicitors make the smallest branch of legal professions in England?

3. Where can you find a solicitor?

4. What do solicitors do?

5. May solicitors appear as advocates in higher courts?

6. Where can a solicitor appear as a lawyer?

7. What cases can a solicitor represent in a court?

8. What education do solicitors need?

9. How long do solicitors work as “clerks”?

10. What exam do solicitors pass?

11. Solicitors must be British Commonwealth citizens, mustn’t they?

Ex.6. Decide if the following statements are True or False.

1. There are about 30000solicitors in Great Britain.

2. Solicitors make the smallest branch of legal professions in England

3. Solicitors are found only in big cities.

4. Solicitors work on court cases and deal with all the day-to day work.

5. Solicitors represent clients in the higher court.

6. Solicitors give advice and do not do the necessary work when property is bought or sold.

7. If one gets into trouble with the police one can ask a solicitor to help prepare legal document for his defense.

8. Solicitors do not have a right to act in all courts as the agents for litigation or representatives of their clients.

9. Solicitors represent divorce cases in the High Court.

10. The education required of a solicitor includes a secondary school course.

11. To qualify as a solicitor one is to join a practicing solicitor as a “clerk” and to work for him forever.

12. Solicitors pass the Law Society exams.

13. Solicitors must be British Commonwealth citizens.

Ex. 7. Develop the following sentences.

1. A solicitor is…

2. Solicitors prepare…

3. Solicitors deal with….

4. Solicitors advise on….

5. Solicitors help…

6. Solicitors’ duties include…

7. Solicitors can not…..

8. The required education for solicitors includes….

9. Solicitors must be citizens of

Ex. 8. Make a list of solicitors’ duties.

Ex. 9. Write down key words, phrases and sentences from each paragraph of the text.

Ex.10. Reduce the text to one fifth of its original length giving the most important information.