Инфинитивные обороты. Субъектный инфинитивный оборот (сложное подлежащее) (Subjective Infinitive Construction/Complex Subject)

Инфинитив в предложении может входить в состав оборота сложное подлежащее, который состоит из подлежащего и относящегося к нему инфинитива, между которыми стоит сказуемое, чаще всего, в страдательном залоге. Перевод такого предложения начинается со сказуемого, которое переводится безличным предложением (например: говорят, известно и т.д.), далее следует союз что, подлежащее, а затем инфинитив, который переводится в личной форме:

The railway transport is considered to be the best means of communication. Считается, что железнодорожный транспорт – это лучшее средство связи.

Сказуемое в инфинитивном обороте сложное подлежащее стоит в активном залоге, если оно выражено глаголами:

to seem – казаться

to prove – оказываться

to appear – казаться

to happen – случаться, оказываться

to be likely – возможно, вероятно

to be sure, to be certain – несомненно, наверняка

Проверочные задания на тему «Инфинитив и сложное подлежащее»

Задание 27. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на оборот Complex Subject.

1. All bodies are known to possess weight.

2. Coal is considered to be a valuable fuel.

3. The plant is supposed to increase its production.

4. Electronics is considered to include nearly all electrical phenomena.

5. The carbon content in steel is assumed not to exceed standard values.

6. The atom is considered to be a mighty force that can be used for the good of mankind.

7. The output of machinery is known to be steadily increasing all over the world.

8. The lathe is considered to be the most important machine tool.

9. In some countries the nuclear power plants are believed to produce about 80 per cent of the whole amount of energy.

10. The most important problems in atomic power generation are known to be concerned with the reactor.

11. The new invention is expected to produce great changes in industry.

12. Glass seems to conduct so little current that it is hardly measurable.

13. This discovery proved to be of special value for the development of electronics.

14. The milling machine appears to be the most universal machine tool.

15. I happened to meet some of our students in the lab.

16. Lomonosov and Rihman happened to work at the same time.

17. These students are likely to take part in this discussion as the main problem to be discussed is on their speciality.

18. He is sure to come in time. He will be the first to make a report.

19. He is certain to make a good presentation at the conference for he read a lot of technical journals while preparing for it.

20. The student is certain to know that alternating voltage can be increased and decreased.

Задание 28. Перефразируйте предложения, используя оборот Complex Subject и переведите.

It seems that these equations are rather complicated.

These equations seem to be rather complicated.

1. It is known that every battery possesses two terminals.

2. It is considered that ebonite, rubber and glass are good insulators.

3. It is expected that nuclear plants are located away from urban areas.

4. It turns out that this metal is very brittle.

5. It seems that the most efficient semiconductors are silicon and germanium.

6. It is unlikely that the weather will change tomorrow.

7. It is certain that they will achieve good results if the employ new techniques.

Задание 29. Переведите предложения, выбрав правильный вариант ответа. Обратите внимание на различные формы инфинитива.

1. The company is reported to utilize lignite and gas for electricity generation.

1. сообщают, использовала

2. сообщают, использует

2. The motor was believed to be replaced by another one.

1. полагали, заменят

2. полагали, заменили

3. He is supposed to be working for an engineering firm at present.

1. предполагали, работал

2. предполагают, работает

4. He is said to have graduated from the University.

1. говорят, закончил

2. говорят, заканчивает

5. The capacity of generating units was said to have been doubled.

1. говорят, удвоена

2. говорили, была удвоена

Задание 30. Употребите необходимую форму инфинитива в обороте Complex Subject и переведите предложения.

1. Communication is supposed … (to have) no limits nowadays.

2. This problem is sure … (to solve) in the nearest future.

3. One of the students is said … (to conduct) research work now.

4. They are sure … (to send) to some construction site after the session for practice.

5. The study of different substances at low temperatures is said … (to find out) many interesting phenomena lately.

6. The design of this motor appears … (to publish) in the latest issue of that magazine.

7. He was seen … (to arrive) to work early.

8. Faraday is known … (to measure) the electric current for the first time in the world.

9. This device is expected … (to come) into universal application.

10. The use of underground transmission lines is known … (to increase) lately.