It is said that he.../He is said to... Etc.

1. When we talk about what other people say, believe, etc. we can use two possible passive forms. Compare:

Active: People say that Mr Ross is a millionaire.

Passive (I): It + passive + that-clause

It is said that Mr Ross is a millionaire. Passive (2): Subject + passive + to-infinitive

Mr Ross is said to be a millionaire.

We often use these passive forms in a formal style and with verbs such as: say, think, believe, consider, know, report, expect

— It is believed that they own a lot of land in the north. They are believed to own a lot of land in the north.

— It is reported that the president is seriously ill. The president is reported to be seriously ill.

— It is expected that a new law will be introduced next year.

A new law is expected to be introduced next year.

When the belief, etc refers to an earlier action, we use the perfect infinitive. Compare:

— It is believed that the fire started late last night. The fire is believed to have started late last night.

— It was thought that two prisoners had escaped. Two prisoners were thought to have escaped.

2. Be supposed to

We can use supposed to to mean "said to ".

— I'd like to read that book. It's supposed to be very good. (= It is said to be very good.)

— He's supposed to have been married before. (= He is said to have been married before.)

Supposed to sometimes suggests some doubt about whether something is true or not.

Note that we also use supposed to to say what people are expected to do because of an arrangement, a rule, or a duty eg I'm supposed to see Maria this afternoon.

Infinitive of purpose

Jill: Hi, Sally. I've come to show you my new records. I went to buy a sweater, but then I heard this record playing...

Sally: I suppose when you go to buy records you usually come out of the shop with clothes!

a) The infinitive with to frequently expresses purpose, indicating that one action will follow another:

— I have come to apologise.

— I sent Mrs Bacon a bunch of flowers to thank her for the party.

— We shouted to warn everyone of the danger.

You can also use in order or so as + to-mfinitive:

— We shouted in order to warn everyone of the danger.

(so as)

— Some speakers hesitate so as to choose the right word.

(in order)

In order and so as + to-infinitive are more formal than the infinitive of purpose with to.

I am going to England to improve my English.

I am going to England in order (so as) to improve my

English.

Note: You can never express purpose with/or plus an infinitive. You cannot say: I am going to England for to learn English, b) So (that)

So (that) is used to express purpose in the following situations: (i) with can or could

I'd like to work in the afternoons so (that) I can study in the mornings.

We moved to London so (that) we could visit our friends more often.

(ii) when the purpose is negative:

You'd better take a map so (that) you won't get lost. I hurried so that I wouldn't be late. (= because I didn't want' to be late)

(iii) when the subject of the main clause is different from the subject of the purpose clause:

I gave him my address so that he could contact me. He wore glasses and a false beard so that nobody would recognize him.

The infinitive after nouns and pronouns

Son: I'm really bored. I've got nothing to do.

Mother: You're lucky! I've got the kitchen to clean, the dinner

to cook and the shopping to do! Why don't you help

me? You could make a cake. Son: That's all right. I've just found a comic to read!

— We have a problem to discuss. (= We have a problem which we should discuss.)

— I've got a comic to read. (= I've got a comic which I can read.)

— I have an exercise to do. (= I have an exercise which I must do.)

— The book tells you about walks to take. (= which you can take)

— There are a lot of museums to visit. (= which you can visit)

The infinitive after adjectives

Chris: You were very kind to lend me your bike. I was just too lazy to walk all the way to the bank.

Ian: That's all right. Now you can be good enough to pay me the money that you owe me.

a) The to-infinitive often follows an adjective:

— I'm ready to go to school.

— We were sorry to hear the bad news.

— I was surprised to see Tim at the meeting.

b)You can use a phrase with of after adjectives:

— It's good of you to come.

— It was silly of Peter not to tell anyone.

c) Note.—I'm eager to please. = I am very keen to please someone

else.

— I'm easy to please. = It is easy for someone else to plea­se me.

— He is easy to teach. = He is an easy pupil to teach, or It is easy to teach him.

— George is quick to take offence. = He takes offence qui­ckly.

— This car is easy to drive. = It is easy to drive this car.

— She is hard to deal with. = It is hard to deal with her.

This construction is often used after the comparative and superlative of adjectives and expressions with too and enough:

— It would be more interesting to go out.

— The Top Club is the easiest to find.

— The piano is too heavy to move.

— I'm not strong enough to lift this box.

— The examination was too terrible to talk about.

d) The to-infinitive is often used after ordinal numerals and the adjective last:

— He was the first to answer.

— She was the last to leave.

For + noun phrase + infinitive

We use for + noun phrase + infinitive after

1. an adjective

It was easy for the player to kick the ball into the empty goal.(= The player easily kicked the ball into the empty goal.)

2. a noun phrase

It was a mistake for Helen to marry Bob. (= Helen married Bob, which was a mistake.)

3. a verb which usually has for after it, eg wait for

They are still waiting for them to reply. (= They have not replied yet.)

See someone do and see someone doing

Policeman: There's been a robbery here. I want to speak to anybody who saw anything at seven o'clock this evening.

Mr Jackson: I was here. I saw a car arrive at about six o'clock. The driver waited for an hour. Then I noticed him signal to somebody in the building. Then there was a loud bang inside the building.

Policeman: Did you hear anybody scream or shout? Did you see anyone come out of the building?

Mr Jackson: I heard someone shout "murderer". Then three men ran out, jumped into the car and drove off.

a) Study this example situation:

Tom got into his car and drove away. You saw this. You can say:

— I saw Tom get into his car and drive away. In this structure we use the infinitive (get, drive etc.):

Someone did something I saw this	>
		I saw someone do something

Remember that we use the infinitive without to:

— I saw her go out. (not "to go out")

But after apassive ("he was seen" etc.) we use to + infinitive:

— She was seen to go out.

b) Now study this example situation:

Yesterday you saw Ann. She was waiting for a bus. You can say:

— I saw Ann waiting for a bus.

In this structure we use — ing (waiting):

Someone was doing

something

I saw this

I saw someone doing something I

с) Now study the difference in meaning between the two structures:

" I saw him do something" = he did something (past simple} and I saw this. I saw the complete action from beginning to end:

— He fell to the ground. I saw this.

Ф I saw him fall to the ground.

— The accident happened. We saw this,-

Ь We saw the accident happen.

"I saw him doing something" = he was doing something (past continuous) and I saw this. I saw him when he was in the middle of doing something. This does not mean that I saw the complete action:

— He was walking along the street.

I saw this when I drove past in my car.

4J-I saw him walking along the street.

When we use a present participle we emphasize experience of part of an action:

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— I watched the boats sailing by. = Я наблюдал, как от­плывают корабли.

When we want to emphasize experience of the complete action we use an infinitive without to after the verb of perception:

—-1 watched the boats sail by. = Я видел, как отчалили корабли.

There is usually little difference in meaning between the two forms except that the -ing form usually gives the idea of "while":

— I've never seen Tom dance.

— I saw my friend run down the street.

— I heard the rain fall on the roof.

I've never seen Tom

dancing.

I saw my friend

running down the street.

I heard the rain falling

on the roof.

d) We use these structures especially with see and hear, and also with watch, listen to, feel and notice:

— I didn't hear you come in. — I could hear it raining.

— She suddenly felt someone — The missing boys were touch her on the shoulder. last seen playing near

the river.

— Did you notice anyone — Listen to the birds go out? singing!

After smell and find you can use the -ing structure only:

— Can you smell something burning?

— She found him reading her letters.

Would rather

Would rather (do) = would prefer to do. After would rather we use the infinitive without to.

Compare:

Shall we go by train?

Well, I'd prefer to go by

car.

Well, I'd rather go by car.

(not "to go")

—"Would you rather have tea or coffee?" "Coffee, please."

— I'm tired. I'd rather not go out this evening, if you don't mind.

— "Do you want to go out this evening?" "I'd rather not."

Note the structure: / 'd rather do something than (do) something else.

\

— I'd rather stay at home than go to the cinema.

Had better do something

The meaning of had better (I'd better) is similar to should. "I'd better do something" = I should do something or it is advisable for me to do something; if I don't do this, something bad might happen:

— I have to meet Tom in ten minutes. I'd better go now or I'll be late.

— We've almost run out of petrol. We'd better stop at the next petrol station to fill up.

The negative form is had better not ('d better not):

— You don't look very well. You'd better not go to work today.

The form is always "had better" (usually 'd better in spoken English). We say had but the meaning is present or future, not past:

— I'd better go to the bank this afternoon.

Remember that had better is followed by the infinitive with­out to:

— It might rain. We'd better take an umbrella,

Practice Infinitive as subject, complement of subject

I. Transform according to the model.

eg To skate here is pleasant. It is pleasant to skate here.

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1. To swim on a hot summer day is marvellous. 2. To learn a foreign language is difficult. 3. To rest there was pleasant. 4. To be given such an opportunity is important. 5. To look after the children was her duty. 6. To marry him was her ambition. 7. To have spent a month at the seaside was very useful. 6. To be fishing now is too cold. 9. To have bought such a useless thing was stupid.

10. To be treated rudely is unpleasant.

11. Make sentences with the same meaning by usingit + infinitive.

eg Having good friends is important. It is important to have good friends.

I. Playing tennis is fun. 2. Being polite to other people is im­portant. 3. Learning about other cultures is interesting. 4. Walk­ing alone at night in this part of the city is dangerous. 5. Is learning a second language difficult? 6. Is riding a motorcycle easy? 7. Ha­ving a cold isn't much fun. 7. Learning a second language takes a long time. 8. Cooking a soft-boiled egg takes three minutes.

III. Answer the questions.

Student A: Use it + infinitive. Student В: Use gerunds.

1. Which is easier: to make money or to spend money?

A: It is easier to spend money than (it is) to make money. B: Spending money is easier than making money.

2. Which is more fun: to study at the library or to go to a movie?

3. Which is more difficult: to write English or to read English?

4. Which is easier: to write English or to speak English?

5. Which is more expensive: to go to a movie or to go to a con­cert?

6. Which is more interesting: to talk to people or to watch people?

7. Which is more comfortable: to wear shoes or to go barefoot?

8. Which is more satisfying: to give gifts or to receive them?

9. Which is more dangerous: to ride in a car or to ride in an air­plane?

10. Which is more important: to come to class on time or to get an extra hour of sleep in the morning?

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IV. Student A: Complete the sentence with an infinitive phrase. Student B: Give a sentence with the same meaning by using a gerund phrase as the subject.

1. It is fun...

A: It is fun to ride a horse. B: Riding a horse is fun.

2. It's dangerous... 5. It is important... 8. It's a good idea...

3. It's easy... 4. It's impolite...

6. It is wrong... 7. It takes a lot of time.

9. Is it difficult...?

V. Restate the sentences by changing a sentence with a gerund as the subject to a sentence with it + an infinitive phrase, and vice-versa.

1. Teasing animals is cruel. — It is cruel to tease animals.

2. It wasn't difficult to find their house. — Finding their house wasn't difficult.

3. Voting in every election is important.

4. It was exciting to meet the king and queen.

5. Hearing the other side of the story would be interesting.

6. It is unusual to see Joan awake early in the morning.

7. If you know how, it is easy to float in water for a long time.

8. Mastering a second language takes time and patience.

9. Driving to Atlanta will take us ten hours.

10. It takes courage to dive into the sea from a high cliff.

VI. Match columns A and В to make sentences: eg It's not easy for old people to climb stairs.

It's not easy for old people

It's quite easy for Dutch people

It's not safe in some cities for women

It's dangerous for inexperienced people

It's not difficult for young children

It can be difficult in a big city

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В

to learn English.

to climb mountains.

to learn languages.

to climb stairs.

to make friends.

to go out alone at night.

VII. Use the given information to complete each sentence. Use for (someone) and an infinitive phrase in each completion.

1. Students should do their homework. It's important... It is important for students to do their homework. 2. Teachers should speak clearly. It's important... 3. We don't have to hurry. There's plenty of time. It isn't necessary... 4. A fish can't live out of water more than a few minutes. It is impossible... 5. Students have to budget their time carefully. It's necessary... 6. A child usually can't sit still for a long time. It's difficult... 7. My family always eats turkey on Thanksgiving Day. It's traditional... 8. People can take vacation trips to the moon. Will it be possible... within the next fifty years? 9.1 usually can't understand Mr Alien. It's hard... He talks too fast. 10.1 can understand our teacher. It's easy... 11. The guests usually wait until the hostess begins to eat. At a formal dinnerparty it's customary... 12. The bride usually feeds the groom the first piece of wedding cake. It's traditional...

VIII. Identify exactly who the speaker is talking about using the phrase for (someone). Add for (someone) to the following sen­tences 'and any other words to give a more specific meaning.

1. It's important to take advanced math courses. It's important for science students to take advanced math courses. 2. It isn't easy to speak Spanish. 3. It's important to learn English. 4. It's unusual to be late. 5. It is essential to get a visa. 6. It is dangerous to play with matches. 7. It's difficult to communicate. 8. It's quite easy to do this exercise. 9. It's useful to go jogging. 10. It must be interesting to study at the Linguistic University. 11. It is necessary to be present.

IX. Student A: Complete the sentence with an infinitive phrase. Student B: Give a sentence with the same meaning by

using a gerund phrase. eg Her ambition is...

A: Her ambition is to become an actress.

B: Her ambition is becoming an actress. 1. My hobby is... 2. Your duty is... 3. His favourite pastime is...4. The main thing to do is... 5. The first thing to do is...6. Her dream is... 7. The only way out was...

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Verb + infinitive

I. Robert is talking about the day he bought a second-hand car. Complete Robert's story using the to-infinitive form of the verbs in the boxes.

buy

be

not like

test-drive

"When I got to the garage, I managed to have a quick look at the car before the salesman came out of his office. It seemed... in very good condition and was worth about £1000, although the garage was asking £1400 for it. When the salesman came out, I arranged... the car straight away. The salesman and I got in and we drove off. I liked the car immediately and decided that I wanted... it, but, of course, I didn't say this to the salesman. Instead, I pretended... the car very much."

| try

get

accept

pay |

"When we had finished the test-drive and had pulled up outside the garage, I told the salesman that I couldn't afford... more than £750. The salesman, of course, refused such a miserable little offer. He told me that he expected at least £1200 for the car. I tried offering£800, £850, £875, but he wouldn't change his mind. Then I decided to do something different."

| give

be

sell

accept

"I thanked the salesman politely, said goodbye, got out of the car and started to walk away. It worked! The salesman got out of the car too and hurried after me. He told me that he wanted... fair and was prepared ... a reasonable offer for the car. In the end, he agreed... it to me for £ 1100. He even agreed... me £ 200 for my old car!"

II. Make up short dialogues.

seem/appear/happen/is said/is supposed + infinitive

Mr X has recently come to live in the area, but seems to wish to avoid people. This of course arouses interest and his neighbours

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observe him closely. Two of them are talking about him. The first speaker makes confident assertions; the second is more cautious.

He..

A: He wishes to avoid us.

B: Well, he seems to wish to avoid us.

1. is afraid of someone.

2. suspects everyone.

3. distrusts his neighbours.

4. dislikes children.

5. likes dogs.

6. avoids people.

7. reads a lot.

8. prefers to be alone.

9. thinks he is in danger. 10. lives on pills.

1 1 . eats very little.

12. feeds his dogs well.

13. writes a lot of letters.

14. works at night.

15. has plenty of money.

16. knows several languages.

17. takes a lot of photos.

Two people keep a close eye on Mr Smith, who lives opposite. The road is wide and busy so they do not see exactly what is happening, but they have a general idea.

A: He doesn't usually watch television. B: Well, he seems to be watching it today. A: He doesn't usually get letters. B: Well, he seems to be getting some today. He doesn 't usually...

1 . talk to his mother-in-law.

2. help his wife.

3. use the public phone box.

4. try to please his wife.

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5. play with the children.

6. bring his wife flowers.

7. take photographs. ,

8. do the shopping.

9. carry his wife's parcels.

10. leave the car at home.

11. let his wife drive.

12. quarrel with his neighbours.

13. walk to work.

14. pay cash.

15. collect the children from school.

4>

Two people are visiting a "stately home" built in the eighteenth " century by a famous duke. One asks questions about the duke, which the other, who has just bought the guide book, does his'best to answer.

A: Was he rich? (very)

(a) B: Yes, he seems to have been very rich.

(b) B: Yes, he appears to have been very rich.

(c) В: Yes, he is said to have been very rich.

(d) B: Yes, he is supposed to have been very rich.

1 . Did he live here? (most of his life) 2. Did he marry? (several times) 3. Did he have children? (a lot of) 4. Did he build any other houses? (several) 5. Did he own (large) estates? (enormous) 6. Did he employ a large staff? (huge) 7. Was he a good landlord? (excellent) 8. Did his tenants like him? (very much) 9. Did he entertain? (lavishly) 10. Did he drink? (heavily) 1 1 . Did he hunt? (when he was a young man) 12. Did he keep racehorses? (all his life) 1 3 . Did they win races? (quite a lot of) 1 4. Did he lose money gambling? (a fortune) 15. Did he sell his other houses? (two of them) 16. Did he quarrel with his neighbours? (some of them) 17. Did he fight duels? (two) 18. Did he kill his opponent? (both times) 19. Did he leave the country? (after the second duel) 20. Did he die abroad? (in Paris)

The first speaker is very suspicious.

A: You asked him the time. Was it part of a plan?

В: No, I just happened to ask him the time.

A: You were looking out of the window when I passed.

Was this part of a plan? B: No, I just happened to be looking out of the window.

You...

1. were in the phone box when I passed. Were you watching me? 2. looked at your watch. Was that a signal of some kind? 3. were sitting by the window when I passed. Were you watching me? 4. were leaning against your gate when I passed. Were you watching me? 5. were waiting for a bus when I passed. Were you watching me? 6. gave him a lift. Was this part of a plan? 7. were standing in your doorway when I passed. Were you watching me? 8. travelled on the same train as Peter. Was that part of a plan? 9. were watering your window-box when I passed. Were you watching me? 10. got out at the same station as Peter. Was this part of a plan? 11. had your tape recorder with you. Was this part of a plan? 12. waved at Jack. Was this a signal? 13. sat at the same table as Jack. Was this part of a plan? 14. were wearing dark glasses when I saw you. Was this part of a plan? 15. and Peter exchanged briefcases. Was this intentional?

III. This time you have to make sentences with seem and appear.

eg Is he waiting for someone? He appears to be waiting

for someone

Has she lost weight? She seems to have lost

weight.

1. Is Tom worried about something? He seems...

2. Does Ann like Jack? She appears...

3. Is that man looking for something? He appears...

4. Has the car broken down. It seems...

5. Have they gone out? They appear...

6. Is Dick looking for his gloves? He seems...

7. Have they been sitting here long? They seem...

IV. Read each sentence. Then make two new sentences in the passive, beginning with the words in brackets.

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21

eg People expect that taxes will be reduced soon. (It) (Taxes)

It is expected that taxes will be reduced soon. Taxes are expected to be reduced soon.

1. People say that the monument is over 2000 years old. (It) (The monument)

2. People expect that the president will resign. (It) (The president)

3. People think the fire started at about 8 o'clock. (It) (The fire)

4. Journalists reported that seven people had been injured in the fire.

(It) (Seven people)

5. They say that prices will rise again this month. (It) (Prices)

6. People consider that he is honest and reliable. (It) (He)

7. We suppose that he is an expert in financial matters. (It) (He)

8. People know that this place is famous for its lakes. (It) (This place)

V. Read each sentence. Then make a new sentence with be + supposed to, as in the example.

eg People say that Whitby is a very nice town. Whitby is supposed to be a very nice town.

1. People say that the new film is very exiting.

2. People say that those cars are rather unreliable.

3. People say that he moved to New York last year.

4. People say that the new restaurant is very expensive.

5. People say that the concert was very good.

VI. Sylvia is supposed to be home by eight о 'clock every evening. Which of the following things are you (not) supposed to do? Say your answers.

eg I am supposed to tell my parents the truth.

eg I am not supposed to park my bicycle in the living-room.

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tell your parents the truth

park your bicycle in the living-room

help at home sometimes

tell your parents where you are going every time you go out

be punctual for meals

sit at table in silence during meals

stay out all night without permission

stay in bed until lunchtime at weekends

wear dirty shoes inside the house

play loud music late at night

go everywhere with your parents

VII. Make up short dialogues.

would like + perfect infinitive, wanted+ present infinitive

A: Did you see the castle?

(a) B: No, I would like to have seen it* but there wasn't time.

(b) B: No, I wanted to see it but there wasn't time.

* Note: Would have liked to see it and would have liked to have seen it are also possible forms. Did you...

1. ring Peter?

2. talk to the students?

3. attend the conference?

4. try the beer?

5. watch the match?

6. visit the museum?

7. see the zoo?

8. walk round the town?

9. meet your friends?

10. look at the old bridge?

11. climb to the top of the monument?

12. have coffee? (Answer with some.)

13. make a sketch? (Answer with one.)

14. take any photographs? (some)

15. hire a boat? (one)

16. send any postcards? (some)

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17. buy any souvenirs? (some)

18. listen to the town band?

19. paint any pictures? (some)

remember/forget + infinitive

Ann's bad memory saves her a lot of trouble.

(a) A: I locked the safe. Ann had forgotten. B: Oh, Ann never remembers to lock it.

or B: Oh, Ann always forgets to lock it.

(b) A: I took down the old notices. Ann had forgotten. B: Oh, Ann never remembers to take them down.

or

B: Oh, Ann always forgets to take them down. (Notice word order.)

I... Ann had forgotten.

1. turned out the lights. (See (b) above.)

2. switched off the TV. (See (b) above.)

3. shut the lift doors.

4. paid the milkman.

5. took the milk in. (See (b) above.)

6. washed the coffee cups.

7. made coffee.

8. swept the floor.

9. dusted the desks.

10. put up the new notices. (See (b) above.)

11. watered the pot plants.

12. thanked the office cleaners.

13. put out the rubbish. (See (b) above.)

14. stamped the letters.

15. bought the biscuits.

16. covered the typewriters.

17. locked the office.

Verb + question word + infinitive

Complete the sentences using the most suitable words in the box.

what/do how/get

how/make whether/stay

what/wear how/spell

eg Could you tell me how to get to Western Road, please?" "Yes. Go down this road and it's second on the left."

1. "Have you decided... to the interview?" "Yes, I'm going to wear my new blue suit." 2. Could you tell me... you name please? 3. "What are you going to do this evening?" "I can't decide... at home or go out." 4. Do you know... a Spanish omelette? 5. 1 felt very embarrassed when she started shouting. I didn't know..., so I just stood there.

Verb + object + infinitive

I. Complete these sentences using an object + to-infinitive after the verbs.

1. Take out a loan. My bank manager advised me to take out a loan. 2. She didn't peel the potatoes. You didn't tell... 3. We work hard. Our teacher taught... 4. The soldiers fired. The officer ordered... 5. The public should not approach this man. The police have warned... 6. My wife and I play tennis. My boss invited... 7. You may take my car. He allowed... 8. At first I didn't want to play but Jack persuaded me. Jack persuaded... 9. You should tell the police about the accident. She advised... 10. Could you please post this letter? She asked... 11. Don't forget to buy some sugar. She reminded...

II. Make up short dialogues.

make + object + infinitive without to

(a) A: He told Ann, I hope. (b) He put on his gloves,

I hope. B: Yes, I made him tell her. Yes, I made him put

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(а) Не... I hope.

1. apologized

2. explained

3. paid the bill

4. wrote to the Smiths

5. cleaned the bath

6. took the medicine

7. reported the accident

8. waited for Ann

9. rang his parents

10. finished the book

11. answered the letter

12. made his bed

13. cleaned his shoes

14. wore his best suit

15. insured his house

16. did his exercises

them on.

(b) He... I hope.

1. hung up his coat

2. turned down the radio

3. shaved off his beard

4. took back the books

5. rang up Jane

6. took down the notice

7. rolled up the carpet

8. locked up the papers

9. threw away his old boots

10. filled up the form

11. looked up the time of the train

12. switched off the central heating

13. paid back the money

14. put away his tools

15. put on his raincoat

16. took off his coat

let + object + infinitive without to, to be allowed + to-infinitive

The Smiths and their two boys and the Browns and their two girls went to the same holiday resort but at different times. Afterwards the boys and the girls compare their holidays. The boys had a much more interesting time! The boys speak first.

(a) Active: A: We went rock climbing.

B: Our parents didn't let us go rock-climbing.

(b) Passive: A: We ran about without shoes.

B: We weren't allowed to run about without shoes, (stress on we and allowed)

We...

1. ran about without shoes.

2. slept in the garden.

3. practised parachuting.

4. played water polo.

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5. sailed round the island.

6. water skied.

7. had bicycle races on the sand.

8. canoed down the river.

9. climbed the cliffs.

10. went surfing.

11. rode Peter's pony.

12. explored the caves.

13. learnt how to dive.

would prefer + object + infinitive

A: Shall I phone Tom tomorrow? B: I'd prefer you to phone him today.

Shall I... tomorrow'''

1. phone Bill

2. bring my friends

3. speak to James

4. sweep the stairs

5. begin

6. pay the milk bill

7. come

8. leave

9. go to the library

10. read the instructions

11. take the books back

12. burn the rubbish

13. get the new programme

14. write to the Smiths

15. buy your season ticket

16. make the arrangements

would like/want + object + infinitive

a) A: Would you like to make a speech⁹

B: No, I'd like you to make a speech, (stress on you) (b) A: Do you want to make speech?

B: No, I want you to make a speech, (stress on you)

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(a) Would you like to... (b) Do you want to...

1. lead the deputation?

2. pick the team*?

3. receive the mayor¹?

4. speak first?

5. introduce the speakers

6. sign the cheque

7. witness Tom's signature?

8. engage the extra staff?

9. attend the conference?

10. give a talk?

11. meet the president?

12. make the arrangements?

13. answer the queries?

14. choose the colours?

15. fix a date?

16. organize the reception?

17. open the champagne?

doesn 't/didn 't want + object + infinitive

Ann is a young married woman with a lot of time on her hands. Two of her friends think that she would be happier if she had an occupation or hobby. Unfortunately her husband doesn't seem to share their views.

(a) A: Have you suggested going to evening classes?

B: Yes, but apparently her husband doesn't want her to go to evening classes, (stress on want)

or

A: Did you suggest going to evening classes? B: Yes, but apparently her husband didn't want her to go

to evening classes. Have you suggested.... Did you suggest....

1. painting?

2. riding?

3. working in the garden?

4. taking a driving test?

5. making friends with her neighbours?

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6. inviting her mother to stay?

7. getting a part-time job? ' '

8. hiring a typewriter?

9. joining a drama club?

10. acting in a play?

11. singing in the choir?

12. buying a dog?

13. helping at the old people's club?

14. studying Russian?

15. learning judo?

16. attending keep-fit classes?

17. going to art lectures?

18. taking a course in vegetarian cooking?

19. redecorating the house?

20. training as a tourist guide?

III. Paraphrase these sentences using a to-infinitive instead of that

eg People know that he is an honest man. People know him to be an honest man.

1. I believe that she is guilty. 2. I found that the job was too difficult. 3.1 know that she has an interest in the company. 4.1 imagine that he works very hard. 5. The teacher considered that my answer was inadequate. 6.1 felt that it was true. 7.1 suppose that the matter is urgent. 8.1 think he is a bore.