Illustrative Situations

/. Study these example situations:

1. I went to a party last week. Tom went to the party too. Tom went home at 10.30. So, when I arrived at 11 o'clock, Tom wasn't there. He had gone home.

2. As I was going to the station some days ago it began to rain. Fortunately I had taken an umbrella and put on my raincoat.

3. Yesterday I had a spare ticket for a concert. I knew that my cousin had already passed her exams and I invited her to the

concert.

4. The other day 1 met my school-mate. He said he had spent a month at the seaside and enjoyed his holidays there.

5. Richard went home a few minutes early yesterday. A few minutes after he had left, his boss phoned and asked to see him urgently. He was very angry when Richard's secretary told him he had gone.

Richard had already gone when his boss phoned.

6. Last Saturday we had a party. Some guests were late. We sat down to dinner only when all the guests had arrived.

7. I went to the movies after I had done my test.

8. When Mr Hanson was leaving the office he asked his secretary to type some letters. She had typed all the letters by the time Mr Hanson came back.

9. By 7 o'clock I had packed my suitcases and was ready

to start.

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10. Last month I was in London. I had done a lot of sightseeing before I left London.

11. When I called on Peter last week I found him in bed. He looked pale as he had been seriously ill for a month.

12. Some weeks ago I had a party. My friend Victor didn't come to the party as he had left for Geneva the day before.

13. When I met Robert last month he told me he had bought a car the previous week.

14. Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shining but the ground was very wet. It had been raining.

It wasn't raining when I looked out of the window; the sun was shining. But it had been raining. That's why the ground was wet.

15. When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one had a black eye. They had been fighting.

16. When I entered Jane's room yesterday I saw that her eyes were red. I understood that she had been crying.

17 When I called on my friend the other day he was writing a report. He said he had been working at it for a month.

//. Listen and learn the following dialogues:

1. — Fred had studied French for ten years before he went to

France.

— Could he understand French people when he arrived in France?

— Yes, he could, but not very well.

2. — I met Bill last Friday. He told me he had written a book.

— Wasn't he joking?

— Yes, he probably was.

3. — I phoned Harry yesterday. He said he had made a discovery.

— Wasn't he joking?

— Yes, he might have.

4. — Kate was very clever as a child.

— Was she really?

— Oh, yes. By the time she was three, she'd learned to dance.

— How remarkable!

5. — How long have you known Jim Black?

— For six years. I met him at my uncle's six years ago.

— How long had he been a teacher at that time?

— For about two years.

6. — I hear you had a telephone call from Edward yes-

terday.

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— Yes, I did. He phoned to tell me he had got married.

— What else did he say?

— He said he was going to Florida.

Practice

/. Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets: You went back to your home town alter many years and found that many things were different.

1. My friend Henry was no longer there. He (go) away.

2. The local cinema was no longer open. It (close) down.

3. Mr Johnson was no longer alive. He (die)

4. I didn't recognise Mrs Johnson She (change) a lot.

5. Bill no longer had his car. He (sell) it.

//. Complete these sentences as in the example. Use the j verb in brackets:

e.g. Mr and Mrs Davis were in an aeroplane. They were very

nervous as the plane took off because they (fly).. They

were very nervous because they had never flown before.

1. The woman was a complete stranger to me. I (see) ...

2. Margaret was late for work. Her boss was very surprised.

She (be late ...) 3. Janet played tennis yesterday — at least she

tried to play tennis. She wasn't very good at it because she

(play) . . 4. It was Keith's first driving lesson. He was very

nervous and didn't know what to do He (drive) ... 5. She found

it difficult to type. She (type) ...

///. Make up sentences using the words in brackets: e.g. I wasn't hungry. (I/just/have/lunch) I had just had lunch.

1. Tom wasn't at home when I arrived, (he/just/go out) 2. We arrived at the cinema late (the film/already/begin) 3. They weren't eating when I went to see them, (they/just/finish/their dinner) 4. I invited Ann to dinner last night but she couldn't come (she/already/arrange/to do smth. else) 5. I was very pleased to see Nora after such a long time. (I/not/see/her/for 5 years) 6. I knew the actor well. (I/see/him/ in/ many plays) 7. Jane was busy in the kitchen, (she/not/cook/dinner/yet) 8. Robert was late for the lecture, (he/miss/the 8 o'clock train)

IV. Join the sentences together. Do it as in the examples: e.g. We came to the stadium. The football match started When we came to the stadium the football match had al­ready started.

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1. She phoned me. I packed my luggage. 2. I found her car­riage. She got off the train. 3. I returned home. The guests left. 4. We got to the station. Our train went out. 5. I came home. My son went to the cinema. 6. I phoned Lucy. She left the house, e.g. The inspector examined rny suitcases. I went to the train. After the inspector had examined my suitcases I went to the train.

I. He had dinner. He went to the movies. 2. She wrote the letter. She went to the post-office. 3. He finished work. He left the office. 4. He saw his friend off. Then he returned home. 5. She felt well. She took some pills, e.g. The rain stopped. We went out.

The rain had stopped before we went out. I. She got off the train. I reached the platform. 2. She passed all her exams. She left for Moscow. 3. I listened to the news. I be­gan to do my exercises. 4. She studied English well. She went to London. 5. We returned home. It got dark, e.g. I booked a ticket. I phoned Bill.

As soon as I had booked a ticket I phoned Bill. I. He reserved a room at the hotel. He went to the post-office. 2. He paid the bill. He left the hotel. 3. She finished work. She went out for a walk. 4. I cooked dinner. I began to lay the table. 5. I did the test. I left the Institute, e.g. Mr Jones came home. His son repaired the TV set.

By the time Mr Jones came home his son had repaired the TV set.

I. The boss returned. The secretary typed the documents. 2. I got to the station at 6. My friend booked the tickets. 3. He came home. His wife made supper. 4. She phoned me. I packed my suitcases. 5. We reached the station. The train left.

V. Complete the following:

e.g. By five o'clock yesterday...

By five o'clock yesterday I had translated the article. 1 By the end of the month.... 2. ... by 1992. 3. ... by 6 o'clock. 4. By the beginning of the year... . 5. By 8 o'clock... . 6. By January ... . 7. ... by the end of the lesson.

VI. Complete the situations:

e.g. Tom was watching television. He was feeling very tired, (he/study/hard/all day)

He had been studying hard all day.

1. When I entered the room, it was empty. But there was a smell of cigarettes. Somebody (smoke). 2. When Mary came back from the beach, she looked very red from the sun. (she/lie in

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the sun/too long) 3. The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired, (they/play) 4. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and she didn't know where she was. (she/dream) 5. The streets were wet. (it/rain)

VU. Make your own sentences for these situations:

e.g. It was 3 o'clock when Jill went out to look for her son

and 6 o'clock when she found him.

Jill had been looking for her son for 3 hours before she found

him.

1. Roger Morgan got his first job in the film industry when he was 20 He made his first film when he was 25. 2. Roy started studying for his doctorate when he was 25. He got it when he was 30. 3. Mary started in the shop when she was 19. When she was 29 she became the manageress. 4. Miss Roach began her driving lessons in January 1992. She didn't pass her test until January 1993. 5. She started the composition at 8 in the evening. She gave it up at midnight and went to bed. 6. Roger went to the bus — stop at 7. It was 7.30 when the bus came. 7. You ordered the meal at 2, and the waiter brought it at 3. 8. They went for a walk in the park at 11. It was 12 when it began to rain. 9. Peter and I arranged to meet at 6 but he came only at 6.30.10. The program­me was interesting. I started to watch TV at 9 when the telephone rang at 10.

VIII. Put the verb into the correct form, Past Perfect Con­tinuous (I had been doing) or Past Continuous (I was doing):

1. Tom was leaning against the wall, out of breath. He (run).

2. I tried to catch Tom but I couldn't. He (run/very fast).

3. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He (look/for his cigarette lighter). 4. We (walk) along the road for about 20 minutes, when a car stopped and the driver offered us a lift 5. When I arrived everyone was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They (eat). 6. When I arrived, Ann (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because she (wait) for a long time.

IX. Use either Simple Past or Past Perfect.

1. The house was very quiet when I got home. Everybody (go) to bed. 2. I felt very tired when I got home, so I (go) straight to bed. 3. I had been looking for my textbook for an hour when at last I (find) it in the laboratory. 4. Mary looked happy. She said she (find) her ring. 5. Julia (not, finish) work when Jim got to the office. 6. I (finish) my homework at 6 and went out for a

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walk. 7. Jane (wash) the dishes, dried them and put them into the cupboard. 8. Tom called me this afternoon and invited me to go out for a walk, but I couldn't as I (not, wash) the windows yet.

Fluency

/. Listen to the texts. Ask and answer questions on the texts. Re­tell them.

An Amusing Experience

I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke du­ring the journey. I had nearly reached the town when the young man said very slowly: "Do you speak English?" As I soon learnt he was English himself.

He Often Does This

After I had had lunch at a village inn I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there. As I was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. "Did you have a good meal?" he asked. "Yes, thank you," I answered, "but I can't pay the bill. I haven't got my bag." The inn-keeper smiled and im­mediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and ga\e it back to me "I'm very sorry." he said. "My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this."

A Busy Day

Steve was very busy at the office today At 10.15 he had already made eleven phone calls. By 11.15 he had written three separate reports on an accident, a hold-up, and a bomb-scare. At 12 o'clock he arrived at Heathrow Airport — the week before, he had arranged an interview with a British Airways representative. Unfortuna­tely, the man was late. Steve was hungry, but he couldn't go to lunch until he had interviewed the representative, so he only had a cheese sandwich. The representative finally arrived at 12.45. He had just come from an important meeting. The interview lasted till 1.30 and at 2.15 Steve had another appointment in

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town. At 3 o'clock he still hadn't had any lunch, so he bought another cheese sandwich. He finally finisned work at 6.30, tired and hungry. He was looking forward to a good meal at home, but when he arrived home, Jill had gone out. There was a note for him on the kitchen table: "Gone out. Cheese sandwiches in the fridge".

Readers' Letters

Have you ever had an embarrassing experience? Last week we asked readers to tell us about embarrassing experiences. We received hundreds of letters! Here is a selection.

A Smart Teacher

My most embarrassing experience happened when -I had just left the university. I had just started teaching in a Liverpool secon­dary school. One morning my alarm-clock didn't ring... . I had forgotten to wind it up. I woke up at half past eight and school began at nine. I quickly washed, shaved, dressed, jumped into my car and drove to school. When I arrived the students had already gone into class. After two or three minutes the students began laughing, and I couldn't understand why. Suddenly I looked down and understood. I had put on one black shoe and one brown shoe!

Hand in Hand

The most embarrassing experience I've ever had happened two years ago. My wife and I had driven into town to do some shopping. The streets were very busy and we were holding hands. Suddenly my wife saw a dress that she liked in a shop window, and stopped. I started looking at some radios in the next window. After a minute or two I reached for my wife's hand. There was a loud scream, and a woman slapped my face. I hadn't taken my wife's hand, I'd taken the hand of a complete stranger!

A Parking Problem

My husband and I had decided to buy a new house, and I'd made an appointment to see our bank manager. I'd never met him before and I was a bit nervous. I drove into town and I was lucky enough to find a parking place outside the bank. I'd just started reversing into the space when another car drove into it. 1 was furious! I opened my window and shouted at the other

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driver. He ignored me and walked away. It took me twenty minu­tes to find another space. As soon as I had parked the car, I rushed back to the bank. I was ten minutes late for my interview. I went-to the manager's office, knocked and walked in. The manager was sitting behind the desk. He was the man who had taken my parking space!

Everything Except the Weather

My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.

Herbert's Homecoming

Herbert Marshall was a student at Cambridge, but his home­town was St Albans. It was August and the family had gone to the seaside. Herbert went to France for his holiday, but he ran out of money, and came home a week earlier than he had expected to.

His train didn't get into St Albans until just before midnight. The last bus had gone, so he had to walk home. He let himself into the kitchen, and as he was feeling hot and sticky, he took off his shirt to have a wash.

Suddenly he heard heavy footsteps running up the path. The back door burst open, and he found himself surrounded by police­men. They pushed him into the living-room next door, made him sit down, and began asking him questions.

"What's your name?"

"Where do you live?"

"What's in that case?"

"What are you doing here?"

"I live here", said Herbert. "I've been on holiday". But nobody listened to him. They just went on asking questions. Then suddenly one of the policemen said: "Watch him Frank — we'll go and search the house". They left one tall, very young policeman, to guard him.

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"Can I put my shirt on?" asked Herbeit

"No", said the policeman, "stay where you are".

Then the others came back with an older man, a sergeant. He asked the same questions, but he listened to Herbert's answers.

"I live here", said Herbert, "and I want to put my shirt on". The sergeant looked at him thoughtfully. "We'll soon settle this", he said.

He went out and came back with a small, sandy-haired man wearing a shabby, brown dressing-gown. It was Herbert's next-door neighbour. He looked at Herbert intently through thick spectacles.

"Oh yes, Sergeant", he said, "That is Mr Marshall". Then he disappeared very quickly. The policemen all looked dreadfully disappointed. They were convinced that they had caught a burglar.

"Did he ring you up?" asked Herbert. The police sergeant nodded. "He saw a light and understood your family had all gone away to the seaside."

When they'd all gone, Herbert made himself a cup of tea.

What's Up?

Do you like stories? I want to tell you a true story. It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.

While my friend, George, was reading in bed, two thieves climbed into his kitchen. After they had entered the house, they went into the dining-room. It was very dark, so they turned on a torch. Suddenly they heard a voice behind them. "What's up? What's up?" someone called. The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could. George heard the noise and came downstairs quickly. He turned on the light, but he couldn't see anyone. The thievеs had already gone. But George's parrot, Henry, was still there. "What's up, George?" he called. "Nothing, Henry," George said and smiled. "Go back to sleep."

Self check

Л Use the proper tense forms:

1. Deborah woke up with a terrible headache because she and Arthur (hold) a party the night before. 2 When Peter (go) along the street he (see) a friend of his whom he (not, meet) for a long time. 3. I (not, fall asleep) yet when I (hear) the sound of the bell. 4. I (speak) to the woman because I (think) I (meet) her somewhe­re before. 5. When we (get) to the station, we (find) that the 8 o'clock train already (leave) and we had to wait until the next train came in. While I (wait) I (read) a newspaper. 6. As soon

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as they (go), 1 (go) straight to bed. 7. When I (get) back to the shop, they (sell) the book I wanted. 8. He (be) tired because he (work) in the garden all day. 9. First she (open) the parcel, and then she (read) the letter. 10. They (sit) there for more than an hour when the taxi finally (arrive). 11. They (leave) the room as soon as he (finish) speaking. 12. He quickly (forget) all he (learn) at school. 13. When we (come) to Harpole, the Smiths already (live) there for ten years. 14. He (tell) me that he (fish) in the river every weekend for the last two years but he never (catch) anything. 15. As soon as she (hear) the news, she (phone) her mother. 16. When he (look) around he (understand) that he (get off) at the wrong station. 17. Jack (do) his work by 8 o'clock. He (go) out into the street. The weather (be) fine. It (stop) snowing and the moon (shine) high in the sky. 18. Errol and his girlfriend, Judy, were very excited because Judy's father (manage) to get them two tickets for the football Cup Final at Wembley Stadium. They (catch) an early train to London and (spend) the morning looking round the shops. They (arrive) at Wembley at two o'clock and (join) the queue to get in. Imagine their horror at the turnstile when they (realise) they (leave) the tickets at home.

//. Translate into English:

1. Когда я пришел к Виктору, его не было дома. Он ушел на вокзал встречать своего приятеля. 2. Туристы ждали автобус очень долго, и когда он подошел, было уже очень поздно, и им уже никуда не хотелось ехать. 3. Когда я рассказал ему все, то он понял, что случилрсь. 4. Она посмотрела на часы. Было около 12. Она работала над докладом в течение 6 часов. 5. К концу июня я сдал все экзамены и был свободен. 6. В пятницу его не было на работе. Накануне он уехал в командировку. 7. Когда я позво­нил Николаю, я узнал, что он уже 2 недели болеет. 8. Я работал на заводе до того, как поступил в институт. 9. Собрание еще не началось, когда мы пришли. 10. Когда я вернулся домой, дети уже спали. Жена сказала, что они спят с 9 часов. 11. Виктор сказал, что он заказал номер в гостинице «Украина». 12. Он жил три года за границей до того, как приехал в Минск.

FUTURE PERFECT. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS