Illustrative Situations

/. Study these example situations:

Torn 1ь looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key

When we use the Present Perfect there is a connection with

the present:

I've lost the key. (=1 haven't got it now.)

Jim has gone to Canada. (=He is in Canada or on his way

there )

Oh, dear! I've forgotten her name. (= I can't remember it now.)

Have you washed the dishes? (—Are they clean now?)

The train hasn't arrived yet. (=The train isn't at the sta-

tion.)

The train has already arrived. ( = The train is at the station.)

//. Listen to the texts and answer the questions:

1 Mr Collins gave his secretary some letters to type an hour ago. He is going home soon and he wants to sign the letters before he leaves. He has just picked up the phone and asked his secretary this question:

"Have you done those letters yet?"

Questions: When did Mr Collins give his secretary the letters? Why does he want to sign them now? What has he just done? What is his question?

2 Arthur's secretary has just stopped another secretary in the

corridor.

"Have you seen Mr Tigers?" she wants to know

"Yes, I have I saw him only a moment ago He's just gone down that corridor " She might catch him if she hurries.

Questions: What has Arthur's secretary just done? What does she want to know? Has the other secretary seen Arthur? What has he just done?

3. The police are asking the ticket collector about a man they

think might be on the London tram.

"Have you seen this man?"

"No, I haven't. I mean, I don't think so."

"Has the London train left yet?"

"No, it hasn't."

Questions: Why are the police asking the ticket collector about the man in the photograph? What are their questions? What are the collector's answers?

///. Listen and imitate. Role-play the conversations.

1. — So you are back from town

— Yes, and I've brought you a book from the library

— That's very nice of you.

2. — Aunt has promised to take me to the theatre.

— Will she be able to afford it, do you think?

— I hope so.

3. — Will Jane come to the dance tonight, do you think?

— I don't think so.

— Why not?

— Because she hasn't come home yet.

4. — It's Mrs Baker's birthday tomorrow.

— I know.

— Have you written to her yet?

— No, I haven't, but I'm going to.

5. — Has Tom got married?

— Yes, he has.

— When did he get married?

— Last month.

6. — Has Jane learnt to drive?

— No, she hasn't.

— When is she going to learn?

— Next month, I think.

7. — I am worried about Paul. He's failed his exam again.

— I say, he must be either unlucky or ill.

— He is neither unlucky nor ill. He is simply lazy

— You may be right.

8. — Have you thanked David for all his wonderful help?

— No, I haven't.

— Why haven't you?

— I'm sorry, but I've been unable to get in touch with him.

9. — Have you written to Ann?

— No, I haven't.

— Why haven't you?

— I'm sorry, but I've been awfully busy.

10. — Jim is going to become a professional footballer.

— Is he really?

— Yes, he is, though he has never played in the school team.

— How extraordinary!

11. — What's the matter?

— I've just fallen off my bicycle.

— Poor boy!

12. — Mike Hanson has joined a jungle expedition.

— What for?

— To shoot a film about animals

— That's very brave of him.

13. — I've found this pen Is it yours?

— No, it isn't mine I think it's Kate's.

— I don't think so, she has a green one.

— But she has more than one pen

14. — Have you ever been to Scotland?

— I've only been there once, but I've often been to Wales.

— I've never been to Wales. Is it pleasant there?

— Oh, very pleasant, but it frequently rains in summer.

15. — You've missed a lot of English classes lately

— Yes, I'm afraid so.

— I hope you'll come to class on Tuesday.

— I'm afraid not. I'll be going to Moscow on Tuesday.

16. — I don't see my dictionary on the table. Who has taken it?

— It's me. I have put it on the shelf

17. — Have you ever been to St. Petersburg?

— Yes, I've been there several times.

— As for me I've never been there.

— Really? You should see it. It's one of the most beautiful cities I've ever seen.

18. — Have you read many books this year?

— I wouldn't say that. Just a couple.

— Which book has interested you most?

— "Hotel" by A Hailey.

19. — I'm afraid I have caught cold. I am not feeling well.

— Have you called the doctor?

— Yes, Mother has just phoned him.

20. — I see Peter hasn't returned yet, eh?

— No, he hasn't.

— Why is he so long?

— I think he has gone to the movies.

21. — What's the time?

— Sorry, I've left my watch at home.

22. — You know the city well You have been here before, haven't

you?

— Yes, I have.

23. "Henry!" "Yes, dear?"

"I'm going up to bed now. Don't forget to do your little jobs." "No, dear."

Henry turned off the television and went into the kitchen. He fed the cat, washed up several dishes, dried them and put them away. Then he put the cat out, locked all the doors and turned out all the lights. When he got to the bedroom, his wife was sitting up in bed reading a book and eating choco­lates.

"Well dear, have you done all your little jobs?" "I think so, my love." "Have you fed the cat?" "Yes, dear."

"Have you put him out?" "Yes, dear."

"Have you washed up the dishes?" "Yes, dear."

"Have you put them all away?" "Yes, dear."

"Have you turned out all the lights?" "Yes, dear."

"Have you locked the front door?" "Yes, dear."

"Then you can come to bed." "Thank you, dear."

After a little while they heard a gate banging downstairs. "Henry." . "Yes, dear."

"I'm afraid you've forgotten to shut the garden gate." "Oh dear! ..."

Practice

/. Listen and imitate:

1. Look! Dick has bought a record. 2. Pat hasn't given me the book yet. 3. I've just come from a very important meeting. 4. He has not thought about university yet. 5. They have received a lot of letters. 6. He has forgotten her name. 7. John is hungry because he hasn't had any breakfast. 8. We have done exercise No 2. 9. I have just spoken to my boyfriend on the phone. 10. She has planned an expensive holiday. 11. I haven't written to my wife yet. 12. My parents have just gone out for the evening. 13. Bill has asked me for some money. 14. Helen has brought the mail. 15. Our team has won the game. 16. He has paid a lot of money for his house. 17.

Oh, dear, it's going to rain and I've left my umbrella at home. 18. The course has already begun. 19. I have drunk three cups of coffee. 20. Oh, I've cut my finger. 21. I have not sent a letter to my mother yet. 22. She hasn't seen her parents yet. 23. I have never met him before. 24. Andrew has chosen a good present. 25. I've been to Paris, but I haven't been to London yet. 26. George has taken a lot of books from the library. 27. Victor has told us an interesting story. 28. Mr Robinson has taught us English. 29. He has spent his holidays in the Caucasus. 30. They have sold their car. 31. I have made a lot of mistakes in my test. 32. Roger has lost his ticket. 33. I remember that I have put the magazine on this shelf. 34. Lucy has drawn a nice picture. 35. I have broken my umbrella. 36. Robert has become an engineer. 37. I haven't read the article yet. 38. Have you eaten your steak? 39. Have you heard this opera before? 40. Have the police found the man yet? 41. Has he lent you any money? 42. Has Bill shown you his new car? 43. Have you signed the documents? 44. Have you caught much fish today? 45. Have you ever swum in the Atlantic Ocean?

//. Agree with the following utterances. Show the connection of these completed past actions with the present in their result. Use the prompts.

e.g. — You have washed the dishes, haven't you? (clean)

— Yes, I have. They are clean.

e.g. — Mary hasn't done the room, has she? (untidy)

— No, she hasn't. It's very untidy.

1. You've brought the records, haven't you? (in my bag) 2. You haven't had dinner yet, have you? (hungry) 3. Susan has passed her exams, hasn't she? (on holiday now) 4. Victor has gone away on business, hasn't he? (in Moscow now) 5. You haven't fixed the TVset, have you? (still, out of order) 6. You have typed the article, haven't you? (on the table) 7. You have made dinner, ha­ven't you? (ready) 8. You have worked hard today, haven't you? (tired). 9. Bob hasn't come home yet, has he? (still, at work) 10. Jane has caught cold, hasn't she? (ill)

///. Express your disagreement with the following interroga­tive-negative utterances:

e.g. — You haven't seen Steve today, have you?

— Yes, I have. I've just seen him.

1. You haven't laid the table, have you? 2. He hasn't found his glasses, has he? 3. You haven't written to Paul, have you? 4. The lecture hasn't begun yet, has it? 5. She hasn't sent the parcel, has she? 6. John hasn't come yet, has he? 7. You haven't shut the door, have you? 8. He hasn't paid the bill yet, has he? 9. You

haven't told Dick, have you? 10. You haven't made tea, have you? 11. You haven't done your homework, have you? 12. Kitty hasn't woken up yet, has she? 13. Bill hasn't phoned you, has he? 14. The boss hasn't left yet, has he? 15. The postman hasn't brought the mail yet, has he? 16. You haven't washed my shirt yet, have you? 17. You haven't spoken to the boss yet, have you? 18. You haven't booked the tickets, have you? 19. You haven't read the article yet, have you? 20. You haven't cut the bread yet, have you?

IV. Answer the questions. Do it as in the example: e.g. — Has Simon sent a postcard to his mother?

— Yes, he has sent her a postcard.

1. Have you made a sweater for Peter? 2. Have the boys bought a present for me? 3. Has Roger given any money to you? 4. Have you lent your typewriter to Susan? 5. Have you made a cake for George and his wife? 6. Have you shown your album to Jack? 7. Have you sent a birthday card to Jane's parents? 8. Has Peter written a letter to you and your wife?

V. Say that you have already done what you are asked to do:

e.g. — Don't forget to answer the letters.

— I've already answered them.

1. Don't forget to buy the tickets. 2. Remember to sign the papers. 3. Don't forget to write to Mr Smith. 4. Don't forget to wash the dishes. 5. Remember to dust the bookshelves. 6. Don't forget to fix the sink. 7. Remember to phone Dr Ray. 8. Remember to cook the pudding. 9. Don't forget to post the letter. 10. Don't forget to tell Peter about the match. 11. Remember to pack our things. 12. Remember to clean your shoes. 13. Don't forget to polish the mirrors. 14. Remember to send the parcel. 15. Don't forget to shave.

VI. Say that you can't give your opinion on the subject. Follow the model:

e.g. — What do you think of the exhibition? (visit) — I haven't visited it yet.

1. Do you like the "Minsk" hotel? (stay) 2. How do you like the new Ryasanov's film? (see) 3. Do you find his sister pretty? (meet) 4. What does she think of the opera? (hear). 5. Do you like the book? (read) 6. How do you find Brest? (visit) 7. Does the suit fit you? (try on)

VII. Refuse the offers politely:

e.g. — Would you like something to eat? (have dinner)

10

— No, thank you. I've just had dinner.

1. Would you like a cigarette? (smoke one) 2. Would you like a cake? (eat one) 3. Would you like an orange? (have one)

4. Would you like a cup of coffee? (drink one) 5. Would you like a bottle of red wine? (buy one) 6. Would you like to taste my biscuits? (taste one)

e.g. — Shall I post the letter?

— No, you needn't, thank you. I've already (just) posted it. 1. Shall I wash the windows? 2. Shall I book a ticket for you?

3. Shall I buy you some medicine? 4. Shall I type your report?

5. Shall I translate the article? 6. Shall I phone Helen? 7. Shall I repair the iron? 8. Shall I dust the furniture?

VIII. Answer the questions using the prompts:

e.g. — What has become of your bicycle, Peter? (break)

— Don't you know? I've broken it.

1. Where is Alec? (leave for Rome.) 2. What has become of your umbrella? (lose) 3. Where are the Browns? (go to London)

4. Why hasn't Mary come? (fall ill) 5. Where is your car? (sell)

6. Why does Jane look so upset? (fail her finals) 7. I hear your brother is at hospital. What has happened to him? (break one's arm)

e.g. — Will Lucy take part in the discussion? (not, return from Glasgow)

— I don't think so. She hasn't returned from Glasgow yet. 1. Will Mike go to the pictures with us? (not, do one's home­work) 2. Will Donald come to the party? (not, pass one's exams) 3. Will Sam Morgan play today? (not, recover) 4. Will the boss be leaving soon? (not, receive all the visitors) 5. Will Mary join us? (not, finish work) 6. Will Peter be leaving for London tonight? (not, buy a ticket)

IX. Complete the situations. Use the verbs given:

e.g. Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. (lose) He has lost his key.

1. Yesterday Bill was playing football. Now he can't walk and his leg is in plaster, (break) 2. Jane was busy typing some time ago. Now she is free, (finish typing) 3. Mr Brown knows much, (read a lot) 4. Kate is very happy, (do well in all her exams) 5. The girl is crying, (fall down) 6. The students were doing a test at

5. They are having a break at the moment, (write one's test)

7. I am very tired, (do a lot of work about the house) 8. Betty is pleased, (swim much today) 9. Harry is proud, (become a student) 10. I don't remember where Steve lives, (forget one's address)

11

A". Complete the situations. Use "so far":

e.g. — I saw Tom yesterday but I haven't seen him so far today. 1. It rained a lot last week but ... this week. 2. It snowed a lot last winter but ... this winter. 3. We ate a lot yesterday but ... today. 4. I played tennis a lot last year but ... this year. 5. She wor­ked hard last term but ... this term. 6. I watched television yesterday evening but ... this evening. 7. My favourite football team won a lot of matches last season but ... this season.

XL You are writing a letter to a friend and giving news about the people you both know. Use the words given to make sentences and put the verb into the correct form: e.g. Phil/find a new job.

Phil has found a new job.

Dear Chris,

Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you.

1. Charles/go/Brazil

2. Jack and Jill/decide to get married

3. Susan/have a baby

4. Mike/give up smoking

5. George/pass his driving test

6. Mary/become a student

7. My parents/retire

XII. Complete the answers to these questions. Use the verbs in brackets:

e.g. — Is it a beautiful painting? (see)

— Yes, it's the most beautiful painting I've ever seen.

1. Is she an interesting person? (meet) 2. Is it a long book? (read) 3. Is it a good opera? (hear) 4. Is the article difficult? (translate) 5. Is the film funny? (see) 6. Is Uncle Jack a kind man? (know) 7. Is it an exciting trip? (have) 8. Is the record expensive? (buy) 9. Is Mary a tall girl? (meet) 10. Is the test hard? (do)

XIII. Ask and answer questions using the words given:

e.g. you/book the tickets

— Have you booked the tickets?

— No, I haven't but I'm going to.

1. Mary/type the article; 2. they/discuss the project; 3. you/eat at the new Italian restaurant; 4. you/pack the suitcase; 5. Peter/see the film; 6. you/begin the experiment; 7. you/tell Mary about the picnic; 8. Nancy/translate the text; 9. the Wests/sell their house; 10. David/do his homework; 11. Jack/buy a car; 12. you/have dinner; 13. she/speak to the rector; 14. you/hear "Aida"; 15. Dick/

12

read the article; 16. you/phone Lucy; 17. you/choose a present for Bill; 18. you/send for the doctor; 19. Harry/get married, e.g. Peter/get up/have breakfast

— Has Peter got up yet?

— Yes, he has. He is having breakfast now.

1. Tom/do one's exercises/play chess; 2. Jill/check the tests/ watch TV; 3. Lucy/have dinner/wash up; 4. Mary/clean the flat/type; 5. Jane/write the letters/dust the carpet; 6. you/cook supper/lay the table, e.g. John/get up/sleep

— Has John got up yet?

— No, he hasn't. He's still sleeping.

1. Emma/cook dinner/make soup; 2. you/give the book back to Mike/read; 3. Dick/leave for the airport/pack one's suitcase; 4. Kate/find one's gloves/look for them; 5. Miss Green/finish typing/type; 6. the boys/return home/play football, e.g. you/Warsaw

— Have you ever been to Warsaw?

— Yes, I've been there several times, (twice, once) (No, I have never been there)

1. you/London; 2. your wife/Brest; 3. your husband/Paris; 4. you/India; 5. your sister/Georgia; 6. your brother/Siberia; 7. you/China; 8. your boss/France; 9. you/Kiev; 10. you/Glasgow; 11. you/Yalta, e.g. you/hear from George/recently

— Have you heard from George recently?

— Yes, I have. (No, I haven't)

1. you/read much/lately; 2. you/eat anything/today; 3. you/ha­ve a holiday/this year; 4. you/see/any good films/lately; 5. you/play tennis/recently; 6. you/see/Tom/in the past few days; 7. you/work hard/this week; 8. you/often/go out/lately; 9. you/ swim/much/recently; 10. you/be abroad/this year.

XIV. Respond to the following suggestions:

e.g. — Let's book the tickets tomorrow.

— Haven't you booked them yet?

— No, I haven't.

1. Let's invite Helen to the party. 2. Let's write a letter to Uncle Jack. 3. Let's make supper. 4. Let's hear "Carmen". 5. Let's see this film. 6. Let's send her a telegram. 7. Let's wash the win­dows. 8. Let's visit the art exhibition.

XV. Express surprise in response to the following utterances:

e.g. — Jack has failed his exam.

— Has he?

13

e.g. — Robert hasn't come.

— Hasn't he?

1. They have already finished the test. 2. We haven't invited the Blacks. 3. I have never heard this song before. 4. Mary has enjoyed the performance. 5. The Wests have sold their house. 6. Roger has won the race. 7. My parents have never been abroad. 8. Dick hasn't helped me. 9. Jane has decided to become an actress. 10. Mr Smith has already left. 11. John hasn't fixed the sink.

XVI. Express solidarity:

e.g. — I have already read this book. And you?

— So have I.

e.g. — Kate hasn't come yet. And Betsy?

— Neither has Betsy.

1. David has caught a lot of fish. And Jack? 2. Mary has enjoyed the film. And Lucy? 3. I haven't heard from Steve yet. And you? 4. Ann has never been to Spain. And Bill? 5. I have already had dinner. And you? 6. Victor has already written his test. And Bob? 7. Nina hasn't left yet. And Helen? 8. John has come. And Peter?

XVII. Ask and answer questions as shown in the example:

e.g. Jack is driving a car but he's very nervous and not sure what to do. You ask: Is this the first time you've driven a car? John: Yes, I've never driven a car before.

1. Roger is playing tennis. He is not very good and doesn't know the rules. You ask: ... Roger: ...

2. Sue is riding a horse. She doesn't feel very confident and comfortable. You ask: ... Sue: ...

3. Maria is in England. She's just arrived and it's very new for her. You ask: ... Maria: ...

4. Lucy is making a cake. But she is not sure it will be a good cake. You ask: ... Lucy:

5. Mrs Smith is on board a plane flying to Canada. She feels very nervous about it. You ask: ... Mrs Smith: ...

XVIII. Ask and answer questions. Use the words given.

e.g. you/invite/the Baxters/the Hunts

— You've invited the Baxters, haven't you?

— Yes, I have but I haven't invited the Hunts.

1. you/phone/Helen/Alice; 2. Dick/bring/the map/the com­pass; 3. you/be/London/Liverpool; 4. you/tell/Emma/Tom; 5. Mi­ke/send/the letter/the parcel; 6. you/see/the art-gallery/the space

museum.

14

XIX. Respond to the following phrases:

e.g. — I am going to visit Paul.

— So you haven't visited him yet, have you? 1. I am going to send her a telegram. 2. Jane is going to change her flat. 3. I am going to visit Helen. 4. I am going to hear "Carmen". 5. Bill is going to buy a car. 6. I am going to write to Lucy.

XX. Answer the questions:

1. Have you seen any interesting films lately? 2. What new places have you visited this year? 3. How many cigarettes have you smoked today? 4. How much money have you spent this week? 5. How many holidays have you spent at the seaside over the past six years? 6. Have you read much this month? 7. How many questions have you answered so far?

XXI. Learn the dialogues and make substitutions:

1. A: Be careful! B: Why!

A: I've just painted the door.

B: It's all right ... I haven't touched it.

A: Haven't you? What's that on your arm?

Prompts: shelf/hand; desk/leg; chair/shoulder; wall/elbow

2. A: I'm bored.

B: Well, do something! A: What, for example? B: Wash your hair. A: I've already washed it. B: Brush your shoes! A: I've already brushed them. B: Why don't you clean your room? A: I've already cleaned it. B: Well, ... perfect your English! A: Hmm ...

Prompts: finish your homework; iron your clothes; telephone your friend; study your English

XXII. Complete the following phrases. Use the Present Per­fect:

e.g. She must work hard.

She has failed her exam, (or: She has missed a lot of classes.)

1. We are free now. 2. Why don't you read the article? 3. Don't

forget to phone Tom. 4. Shall I send him some money? 5. Open the

door, please. 6. Where are the cups? 7. You must book a ticket in

advance. 8. What about going to a pub? 9. Do your homework.

15

10. What has happened to Paul? 11. Let's invite Mary. 12. I'm not hungry. 13. Victor won't come. 14. Switch off the light in the kitchen. 15. Ann is upset. 16. Shall I wash the dishes? 17. Will you please fix the sink? 18. What has become of your bicycle? 19. Kate looks happy. 20. Will Steve join us? 21. Did you enjoy the book? 22. Is Peter a clever man? 23. Do you like his new car? 24. You must teach him to swim. 25. I can't afford a rest at the seaside this year. 26. I'm going to post the letter on my way home. 27. Would you like a cup of tea? 28. I don't know your friend Smith. 29. What is the film about? 30. What about a game of chess? 31. He knows France very well. 32. Why don't you buy this typewri­ter?

XXIII. Make up dialogues using the prompts: e.g. A: I've just been to the new Chinese restaurant.

B: Oh! Have you? I've just been to an Indian restaurant. Prompts: a new French car/a German car; a book by John Wyndham/a book by Nevil Shute; a new job in London/a new job in Bristol; lunch in the new canteen/lunch in the cafe round the corner; the film at the Odeon/the film at the Plaza; a concert on Radio 2/a play on Radio 3.

Fluency

/. Listen to the conversations. Ask and answer questions. Role-play the conversations.

\. Paul: Can you lend me $ 50?

Bill: Sorry, I can't ... I haven't been to the bank today.

Paul: Oh dear ... I haven't been either, and I need some money. It's too late now... it's four o'clock.

Bill: Why don't you ask Peter?

Paul: Oh, has he been to the bank?

Bill: Yes, he has He always goes on Mondays.

Questions: How much money does Paul need? Why can't Bill lend him $ 50? Has Paul been to the bank today? What does Bill advise Paul to do? 2. David: Have you travelled a lot, Nora?

Nora: Yes, I've been to 47 different countries.

David: Really! Have you been to China?

Nora: Yes, I've visited China twice.

David: What about India?

Nora: I've never been to India.

Questions: Has Nora travelled much? How many countries has she visited? Has she been to China? She has been to India too,

16

hasn't she? What countries have you visited? Have you ever been to Madrid? Have you seen Paris?

3. Father: Your mother has told me that you've given up your job.

You don't want to work any more. What are your plans?

John: Yes, that's right. I've decided to drive a camping bus across Europe and the Middle East to India. It's so­mething I've always wanted to do. I've saved enough money and I'm going to do it.

Father: I've talked to your mother and she's very unhappy about what you're doing. Please think again.

John: I've thought about it carefully and it's my decision. Questions: What has John done? What are his plans? Are John's parents happy that he has given up his job?

4. Jill: Hello, Steve. I'm home. It's rather cold in here.

Steve: I've turned the heating on. It's getting warm now. I've been very busy, so I'm not cold. I've washed all the windows. I've cleaned the flat and I've answered four letters. I've also cleared a lot of papers off my desk, so it looks nice and tidy now. I feel exhausted. Jill: And have you washed the dishes? Steve: I've already washed and dried the dishes. And I've

just made a pot of tea. Come and have a cup. Jill: Wonderful! Have you painted the kitchen door? Steve: No, I haven't started with the door yet. Jill: You've worked really hard, Steve. Congratulations! Oh, Steve... I've invited Pam and Jeff for dinner. They are coming tonight and ... Have you cooked dinner? Steve: No, I haven't. Jill: Oh, good! Your curries are so good, they are better than

mine

Questions: Why does Steve feel exhausted? What housework has he done? What hasn't he done yet? Who is coming to see the Baxters tonight?

Situation: You've just come home from work. You ask your daughter whether she has done the work you told her to do when you were leaving the house.

5. Elmer Colt is from Kansas. He's on a 14- day tour of Europe. The tour started in London. At the moment he's in Prague. It's the eighth day of the tour. He's already been to seven countries and stayed in the capital cities. He's never been to Europe before, and he's already seen a lot of new places. He's done a lot of interesting things ... and the tour hasn't finished yet.

Mrs Colt: ... Elmer? ... Is that you?

Elmer: Yes, Momma.

Mrs Colt: Where are you now, Elmer?

17

Elmer: I've just arrived in Prague, Momma.

Mrs Colt: You haven't sent me any postcards yet.

Elmer: Yes, I have ... I've sent one from every city.

Mrs Colt: Have you been to Paris yet, Elmer?

Elmer: Yes, I have.

Mrs Colt: Have you been to Vienna yet?

Elmer: No, I haven't. We are going to Vienna tomorrow.

Mrs Colt: Elmer! Are you still there?

Elmer: Yes, Momma.

Mrs Colt: How many countries have you seen now, Elmer?

Elmer: Well, this is the eighth day, so I've already seen eight

countries.

Mrs Colt: Have you spent much money, Elmer? Elmer: Yes, Momma. I've bought a lot of souvenirs ... and I want to buy some more. Can you send me a thousand dollars?

Mrs Colt: All right, Elmer. Mrs Colt: Elmer, are you listening to me? Elmer: Yes, Momma.

Mrs Colt: Have you taken many photographs, Elmer? Elmer: Yes, Momma, I've taken a lot. I've used three rolls

of film.

Mrs Colt: Have you met any nice girls yet, Elmer? Elmer: Oh, yes, Momma... there's a girl from Texas on the

tour. We've done everything together. Mrs Colt: Elmer! Elmer! Are you still there, Elmer?

Questions: Where is Elmer Colt from? What is he doing at the moment? How many countries has he visited so far? Where is he phoning his mother from? Has he sent his mother any postcards? What does Elmer ask his mother to do? Has Elmer taken any photographs? Has Elmer met any nice girls? Where is his girl­friend from?

Situation: Imagine you are on a tour of Europe. It's the tenth day of your tour and you are phoning your friend from Paris.

Self check

/. Use the proper tense forms.

1. At last I (do) my homework. I can go for a walk now. 2. The delegation already (arrive) but we (not, speak) with its members yet. 3. Last month I (read) two interesting books but I (not, read) anything so far this month. 4. "You (make) any spelling mistakes in your test?" — "No, I (not, make) any mista­kes." 5. "Where is Jane?" "She (go) to the shops. She'll be back soon." 6. "You ever (be) to the USA?" "Yes, I (be) to New York

18

several times." 7. I (play) a lot of tennis since the summer (begin). 8. We (not, see) John this morning but we (see) him a couple of days ago. 9. Harry is ill. He (have) an accident. He (break) his leg. 10. "You (finish) typing?" "Not yet. In fact I just (begin)." 11. "How many records you (bring)?" "Five". 12. "You ever (find) anything valuable?" "No, I... ." 13. "Mr West (sell) his house yet?" "Yes, he ... . He (sell) it last week." "He (move) to his new house yet?" "No, not yet."

//. Translate into English:

1. Вы когда-либо играли в шахматы с Виктором? Он хорошо играет? — Не знаю. Я никогда с ним не играл. 2. Как поживает Аня? Я ее не вижу в последнее время.— Спасибо, хорошо.— А как ваш сын? Он уже окончил школу? — Да, он уже студент. 3. Я должна упаковать чемодан.— Не беспокойся, я его уже упаковал. 4. Моему племяннику только 5 лет, но он уже научился хорошо читать. 5. Вы когда-либо бывали в Англии? — Да, я был там два года назад. 6. Что случилось? — Я разбила свою люби­мую чашку. 7. Мы купили новый телевизор. Мне он очень нравится. 8. Нина очень расстроена. Она не сдала экзамен. 9. Ни­колай придет на вечер? — Нет, он уехал в командировку. 10. Бу­дем смотреть сегодня вечером телевизор? — Я его еще не почи­нил. 11. Вы уже подписали документы? — Да, вы можете их за­брать.

PRESENT PERFECT (I) AND SIMPLE PAST (COMPARED)