Illustrative Situations

/. Study these example situations:

A. I. Jack will be able to finish the work by Saturday.

Questions: Will Jack be able to finish the work by Saturday' — Yes, he will. When will Jack be able to finish the work? What will Jack be able to do by Saturday? Who will be able to finish the work by Saturday? Will Jack be able to finish the work by Saturday or not? Jack will be able to finish the work by Saturday, won't he? — Yes. Jack won't be able to finish the work by Wed­nesday, will he? — No. 2. Mary was able to type all the letters yesterday.

Questions: Was Mary able to type all the letters yesterday? — Yes, she was. What was Mary able to do yesterday? Who was able to type all the letters yesterday? Was Mary able to type all the letters yesterday or not? Mary was able to type all the letters yesterday, wasn't she?

3. Mrs. Smith is too old. She is not able to look after the house. = She can't look after the house.

I think he is able to do this work himself. = I think he can do this work himself.

— Are you able to walk? — No, I'm not. There's something wrong with my leg.

B. I. Mr. Dodds has to work hard. He has a large family to support.

Questions: Does Mr. Dodds have to work hard? — Yes, he does. What does Mr. Dodds have to do? Why does Mr. Dodds have to work hard? Who has to work hard? Does Mr. Dodds have to work hard or not? Mr. Dodds has to work hard, doesn't he? — Yes, he

does.

2. Mrs. Green had to call the doctor. Her child was seriously ill. Questions: Did Mrs. Green have to call the doctor? — Yes,

she did. What did Mrs. Green have to do? Who did Mrs. Green have to call? Why did Mrs. Green have to call the doctor? Who had to call the doctor? Did Mrs. Green have to call the doctor or not? Mrs. Green had to call the doctor, didn't she? — Yes, she did.

3. Jill will have to go to the dentist tomorrow.

Questions: Will Jill have to go to the dentist tomorrow? What will Jill have to do tomorrow? Where will Jill have to go tomorrow?

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Who will have to go to the dentist tomorrow? Will Jill have to go to the dentist or to the surgeon tomorrow? Jill will have to go to the dentist tomorrow, won't she? — Yes, she will. Jill won't have to go to the surgeon tomorrow, will she? — No, she won't.

C. Hurry up! The train is to leave in ten minutes. Peter and I are going to the theatre today. We are to meet at the entrance to the theatre at 7 o'clock.

//. Listen to the dialogues, read and learn them:

1. — Susan doesn't have an easy life.

— What do you mean?

— She has to get up early every day.

— What hard luck!

2. — What about going to the pictures?

— I'm sorry I can't. I have to finish writing my essay.

— Oh, but you needn't. Jack can do it for you.

— Good idea.

3. — Are you going away on business in two days?

— Yes, I think I'll have to.

— Can't you put it off till next week?

— No, I'm afraid that's out of the question.

4. — I want Jim to take me to a dance this evening.

— But must he?

— Yes, he must. It's his duty.

— I don't quite agree with you.

5. — I feel very tired these days.

— You mustn't read too much.

— But I don't.

— And you mustn't stay at home too much, either.

6. — I'm trying to learn English. Can you tell me how?

— Oh, certainly. You must go to England.

— Thanks for a good piece of advice.

7. — I shan't be able to come to see you tomorrow.

— Why?

— I'll have to do my homework.

8. — I'm going to speak to the boss about my salary today.

— I'm afraid you won't be able to do it.

— Why not?

— Because he is away on business.

9. — Will you be able to post these letters today?

— I don't think so. I have too much typing to do. 10. — Can you dance?

— Yes, I can.

— Could you dance ten years ago?

— No, I couldn't.

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11. — As a child I could jump well.

— I couldn't but I could climb trees.

— So could I, but I can't now.

— Neither can I.

12. — Where are Jack and Jill?

Mother said she needed them at home.

— What for?

— Jack is to look after the children and Jill is to cook the dinner.

///. Listen to the text:

Frank Martin is very ill. The doctor is talking to him. "You'll have to stay in bed for a week and you'll have to take this medicine every six hours". Frank has a ticket for a big football match tomorrow. He won't be able to use it.

Questions: What's wrong with Frank? What will he have to do? How long will he have to stay in bed? What has Frank got? Will he be able to use it?

Practice

/. Situation: You are a secretary. You work for a big firm. You are always very busy at work. Say what you have to do every day.

Prompts: type and photo-copy letters; post papers and parcels; make telephone calls; receive visitors; make coffee for the boss; book plane and train tickets.

//. Say what you have to do at your office.

III. Respond to the following utterances: e.g. — I live not far from the office, (go by bus)

— So you don't have to go by bus, do you?

— No, I don't.

1. My classes begin at 10. (get up) 2. I'm on holiday now. (work hard) 3. My son is good at maths, (help) 4. My working day lasts 6 hours, (stay at work late) 5. My wife is a good cook, (cook) 6.1 have a lot of relatives in Moscow, (stay at a hotel)

IV. Complete the following utterances:

e.g. I missed the last train, (spend the night at the station.)

I missed the last train so I had to spend the night at the station.

1. I missed the last bus. (walk home) 2. There were no seats

on the train, (stand) 3. There were no porters at the station, (carry)

4. I lost my dictionary, (buy) 5. I couldn't find a hotel, (stay at

my relatives') 6. My radio-set wasn't working, (repair) 7. Our lift

was out of order, (walk up to my flat) 8. We couldn't eat the

hostel meals, (cook) 9. We couldn't hear what the speaker was

saying, (change our seats)

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V. Make up dialogues:

e.g. A: (an old man): When I was at school we called the masters "Sir". It was compulsory.

B: (a young man who was at the same school): Oh, we didn't have to call the masters "Sir". When I was at school we ... It was compulsory.

1. wore suits;

2. talked French at meals;

3. got up at six;

4. washed in cold water;

5. ran round the playground before breakfast;

6. were in bed by ten;

7. learnt a Shakespeare play by heart;

8. cleaned our own rooms;

9. made our own beds;

10. looked after our own clothes;

11. served ourselves at meals;

12. helped with the washing up;

13. worked on Saturday; 4. wrote home every week;

15. asked permission to go into the town;

16. played football;

17. kept our hair short.

e.g. — Are you doing anything special tomorrow? — I'll have to book a ticket to Moscow. Prompts: meet a friend at the airport; type an article; write some letters; post some parcels; wash the linen; fix my TVset

VI. Respond to the following utterances:

e.g. I have a toothache, (go to the dentist) I'll have to go to the dentist.

1. I'm busy now. (write the report by Monday) 2. I've lost my dictionary, (buy a new one) 3. It is raining, (you, take an umbrel­la) 4. She is out. (you, wait) 5. My mother is ill. (I, call the doctor) 6. The bus is late, (we, take a taxi) 7. Peter didn't pass his exam yesterday, (take it again in a week) 8. Mike can't trans­late the text himself. (I, help him) e.g. The boss is in. (you, wait) You won't have to wait.

1. We shall do the work ourselves, (you, help us) 2. Betty is quite well today, (she, miss the lecture) 3. There is still a lot of time left, (you, hurry) 4. Victor knows about the meeting, (you, ring him up) 5. The station is not far from the hotel, (we, take a taxi) 6. Paul will come here in some minutes, (you, wait).

VII. Say what you (your wife, son, etc.) had to do and what

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you didn't have to do some time ago (yesterday, last week, etc.), what you (your friend, etc.) will have to do and what you won't have to do in the future, (on Sunday, tomorrow, etc.)

VIII. Ask your friend if he has to work hard at his office; if he has to stay at work late; if he often has to go away on business; if he will have to travel on business next month; if he will have to go to work on Saturday; if he had to miss his English class on Tuesday; if he had to stay in town this summer, e.g. — Do you have to work hard at your office?

— Yes, I am usually very busy at work.

IX. Ask for additional information:

e.g. — Tom had to go to the police station, (why)

— Why did he have to go to the police station?

1. Ann has to leave tomorrow, (what time) 2. We had to answer a lot of questions at the exam, (how many) 3. George had to pay a parking fine, (how much) 4. I have to get up early now. (why) 5. Somebody will have to help him. (who) 6.1 shall have to go to the station today, (why) 7. I had to return home, (why) 8. Mike has to spend his weekends at home, (why) 9. I shall have to take my exam soon, (when) 10. I had to wait for Peter, (how long).

X. Paraphrase the sentences using "be able to":

e.g. I translated the text yesterday.

I was able to translate the text yesterday. 1. I finished the work on Sunday. 2. I bought the ticket yester­day. 3. George passed his exam last week. 4. I typed the papers myself. 5. Paul repaired the iron himself. 6. Jane wrote the compo­sition herself. 7. Victor fixed the TVset. e.g. Jane can help me tomorrow.

Jane will be able to help me tomorrow.

1. I can go shopping on Sunday. 2. She can come tomorrow. 3. I can do this work in two days. 4. She can type the letters on Saturday. 5. I can translate the text tonight. 6. He can repair your bike tomorrow. 7. She can finish the work today, e.g. I can't phone Peter today.

I shan't be able to phone Peter today.

1. I can't go to the country for the weekend. 2. Mary can't take part in the discussion. 3. I cannot go to the cinema on Monday. 4. She can't post the letters today. 5. We can't finish the work tomorrow. 6. She cannot come today. 7. I cannot help you today, e.g. Can you visit Mary tomorrow?

Will you be able to visit Mary tomorrow? 1. Can you fix my taperecorder today? 2. Can Peter send the

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papers tomorrow? 3. Can Lucy come tonight? 4. Can you begin the work on Monday? 5. Can you book the tickets today? e.g. When can you visit Mike?

When will you be able to visit Mike?

1. When can you finish the work? 2. When can she type the letters? 3. When can you translate the article? 4. When can you repair my record-player? 5. When can you help me? 6. When can he come?

XI. Respond to the following utterances:

e.g. George couldn't pass his exam in May.

I believe he was able to pass it in June.

1. Mike couldn't buy the "Quadroon" on Friday. 2. They couldn't visit Helen last week. 3. The typist couldn't type the papers on Saturday. 4. He couldn't finish the experiment on Friday. 5. Miss Green couldn't photo-copy the documents on Tuesday. 6. Alec couldn't speak to Mary on Saturday. 7. Jane couldn't clean the windows yesterday. e.g. Mike can't go fishing this morning.

I think he'll be able to go fishing tomorrow morning.

1. They can't leave tonight. 2. She can't visit him now. 3. They can't spend their holidays in the South this summer. 4. Paul can't repair the TV set today. 5. He can't talk to the manager today. 6. Jane can't come to the class today. 7. She can't post the parcel today. 8. We can't finish the work tomorrow.

XII. Make 2 sentences for each situation, one with "He'll/ she'll/they'll have to..." and one with "He/she/they won't be able to..."

e.g. Julia usually catches the 8.15 bus. The next one is at 8.40. It is 8.20 now, and she is running out of the house. 1. She won't be able to catch the 8.15 bus.

2. She'll have to catch the 8.40.

Situations: a) Bob has broken his leg. He wanted to play football this evening, b) Tom likes to put cream in his coffee, but they've got only tinned milk, c) Frank wanted to leave work early today. He wanted to see a football match. The boss asked all the men to do overtime, d) Deborah and Arthur wanted to drive to France, but the car broke down yesterday. Deborah has just booked 2 plane tickets instead.

XIII. Say what you (the members of your family) were able to do and what you were not able to do some time ago; what you will be able to do and what you won't be able to do in the future. (tomorrow, etc.)

XIV. Ask your friend if he will be able to go to the country with you; whether he was able to do his homework yesterday; if he was

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able to visit his parents last week; if he will be able to come to the English class on Thursday; when he will be able to translate the text; when he will be able to repair your typewriter.

XV. Paraphrase the following sentences. Use "be-\-to infini­tive":

e.g. We agreed to meet at the bus-stop at 5. We are to meet at the bus-stop at 5.

1. We agreed to dine out on Sunday. 2. We agreed to meet in the library at 10. 3. We agreed to begin the experiment tomorrow. 4. We agreed to start tomorrow morning. 5. They agreed to leave on Tuesday. 6. We agreed to have lunch at the cafeteria.

XVI. Make up dialogues:

e.g. A: What were your instructions about phoning Bill?

B: I was to phone him at 6.00. What were your instructions about...

1. reporting? 2. posting the documents? 3. meeting George? 4. contacting Ann? 5. seeing the agents? 6. leaving? 7. paying the workmen? 8. starting? 9. opening the doors? e.g. A: Did you borrow a car?

B: No. We were to have borrowed a car but the plan fell through. Did you...

1. camp on the beach? 2. hire a boat? 3. visit the island? 4. bathe f by moonlight? 5. spend a week in the mountains? 6. cook over open fires? 7. make a film of the seabirds? 8. swim before breakfast? 9. water-ski? 10. get up at dawn? 11. climb the cliffs? 12. take photographs under water?

XVII. Read the dialogues, learn them and make up similar dialogues.

Questioning obligations

A little boy is going to visit the zoo with his grandmother. His mother wants him to get ready. Mother: Right! You must wash your hands. Boy: Do 1 have to wash them? Mother: Yes, you do. And you must comb your hair too. Boy: Do I have to comb it?

Releasing people from their obligations(I)

The boy doesn't want to do what his mother tells him to do. So he asks his grandmother if he really has to do. Boy: Gran, must I really wash my hands?

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Grandmother: No, you needn't wash them if you don't want to. Boy: And must I really comb my hair?

Grandmother: No, you needn't comb it if you don't want to.

Releasing people from obligations (2)

This time the grandmother is going to say the same thing but in a different way.

Boy: Gran, must I really wash my hands?

Grandmother: No, you don't have to wash them if you don't

want to.

Boy: And must I really comb my hair?

Grandmother: No, you don't have to comb it if you don't want to.

XVIII There are always certain things which you mustn't do. These things depend on where you are or what you are doing For example, if you are in a hospital you mustn't make a lot of noise. If you are in a theatre you mustn't smoke, and so on. Look at the following situations and say what you mustn't do in each case

1. When you are training for a big sporting event... 2. When you are working in a library... 3. When there is a fire... 4. When you are driving through a town... 5. When you are travelling abroad... 6. When you are ill with flue...

Fluency

/. Listen to the conversations, ask and answer questions.

Role-play the conversations:

1. Jenny is 26. She is a teacher. She is in class now.

Jenny: Now, Martin... can you swim?

Martin: Yes, I can... I could swim when I was five.

Jenny: Could you?

Martin: Yes, Miss ... could you swim when you were five?

Jenny: I could swim when I was three.

Martin: Really, Miss' Could you read and write when you were three?

Jenny: No, Martin . . of course I couldn't.

2. Luisa: Can you swim, Astrid?

Astrid: Yes, my parents taught me when I was four. I went swim­ming yesterday with Ali and because the weather was nice we were able to swim in the open air pool. It was rather crowded, of course, but I was still able to swim six or seven lengths before the usual crowds of children arrived. We couldn't swim much after that, so we just relaxed and enjoyed the sun. Can you swim well, Luisa? , , ,

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Luisa: Well, I couldn't when I was a child, but I can now.

//. Situation: Your friend and you are speaking about your abilities in different periods of your life.

Prompts: walk, speak, read, write, swim, ride a bicycle, skate, ski, sew, drive a car, dive, etc.

///. Listen to the texts, ask and answer questions, retell the texts:

1. Timmy Brown and all his brothers and sisters are very frustrated. The television broke yesterday while they were watching their favourite TVprogramme. Their parents called the TV repair­man, but he couldn't come yesterday. He was fixing televisions on the other side of the town. He can't come today either. And unfortunately, he won't be able to come tomorrow because he'll be out of town. Timmy Brown and his brothers and sisters are afraid they won't be able to watch TV for quite a while. That's why they are so frustrated.

2. Mrs. Murphy doesn't know what to do with her students today. They didn't do their homework last night and now she can't teach the lesson she prepared. Bob couldn't do his homework because he had a stomachache. Sally couldn't do her homework because she was very tired and fell asleep early. John couldn't do his homework because he had to visit his grandmother in the hospital. Donna couldn't do her homework because she had to take care of her baby sister while her mother worked late at the office. And all other students couldn't do their homework because there was a blackout in their neighbourhood last night. All the students promise Mrs Murphy they'll be able to do their homework tonight. She certainly hopes so.

IV. Situation:: Marianne is going to enroll in the Speedy Typing School. She's excited about the things she'll be able to do when she finishes the course. What will she be able to do?

Prompts' type 70 words per minute; use the most modern equipment; get a good job; earn a high salary; meet interesting people.

V. Listen to the conversations, read and learn them:

1. Interviewer: Now, Mr. Jones., why do you, want to go to Australia?

Mr. Jones: Well, I'm really thinking about my children. You see there aren't many opportunities here. 1 lost my job last year and wasn't able to find another one. Will I be able to find a job in Australia?

Interviewer: What do you do?

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Mr. Jones: I'm an electrician.

Interviewer: Oh, you'll be able to find a job easily.

Mr. Jones: What about accommodation?

Interviewer: Well, that is a problem... but there are hostels for

new immigrants.

Mr. Jones: ... and what about my children? Interviewer: Oh, you'll be able to find a good school in

Australia.

2. Pat: Mary, will you be able to help me this evening? Mary: No, I won't but I'll be able to help you tomorrow. Pat: John, can you help me today? John: I'm sorry I can't help you today or tomorrow, but I'll be

able to help you the day after tomorrow. Pat: Harry. What about you? Can you help me? Harry: I don't think so. I won't be able to help you until I see

you next week. Pat: What helpful friends!

VI. Situation: You ask your friends to repair your taperecorder, but for different reasons none of them can help you at the moment. They promise to help you some time later.

VI/. Listen to the conversation, ask and answer questions. (Mr. Kent, Julia's boss, is talking to Julia on the office phone.) Mr. Kent: Do you think you could possibly work late this after­noon, Miss Frost? I'm afraid there's some work we really must finish this evening. I can't possibly do it myself. Julia: Work late? I ... suppose so, if you really think it's

necessary.

Mr. Kent: Thank you. We'll have to work about an hour's overti­me. That's all. (hangs up) Julia: (to herself, while dialling)

Oh, dear. Now I'll have to ring Jim and tell him. He won't like it. Jim: Hello? 26721.

Julia: Is that you, Jim? This is Julia. Look... I'm afraid I won't

be able to meet you at 7 this evening. I'll have to come later.

Jim: What? You mean you are going to be late again?

Julia: Now listen, Jim, please. It isn't my fault. I'll have to

work late this evening and then I'll have to go home. I can't possibly go to the restaurant straight from work!

Jim: It is always something, isn't it? When will you be able

to come then?

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Julia: Don't worry. You won't have to wait long. I'll be there

at 8.

Jim: At 8? But we were going to a film after dinner. Remem-

ber?

Julia: I know... and it starts at 8.30. We'll just have to miss it

this evening, that's all. We'll be able to see it some other time.

Jim: Oh, no, we won't! Tonight's the last night!

Julia: Oh, dear... I suppose I'll just have to come straight

from work, that's all.

Jim: Yes, you will. Meet me at the restaurant at 7!

Julia: Ail right, Jim. I'll be there.

VIII. Reproduce the phrases with "have to" and "be able to" used in the conversation.

IX. Give a brief account of the conversation. Role-play the conversation.

X. Situation:^our friend and you agreed to go to the theatre tonight, but you can't as you have to meet your cousin at the station. Your friend asks if you can come tomorrow, but tomorrow you are going to take your cousin sightseeing. You agree to meet some other time.

XI. Listen to the conversations, ask and answer questions, rote-play the conversations:

1. Jill: Why are you taking this course, Maria?

Maria: Well, I'm a secretary and I sometimes need English in

my job. I can read English well, but I write it badly.

I understand it easily but I can't speak it fluently. Jill: Do you have to write letters in English? Maria: Not often, but sometimes I have to speak English on

the telephone.

Jill: Do you have to write English shorthand? Maria: No, I don't.

Jill: Does your boss have to speak English? Maria: Yes, he does. He has to entertain English and American

visitors. But when they speak fast, he can't understand

them correctly.

2. Barbara: I worked very hard on that article on tourism, but

Mr. Short didn't like it.

Steve: Oh, dear, did you have to write it again?

Barbara: I had to change the entire second page!

Steve: Well, at least you didn't have to rewrite it comple­tely. I remember my first articles for Mr. Short.

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I sometimes had to rewrite them two or three times from start to finish. So don't despair.

XII. Situation: Your friend and you are very busy people, you have a lot of things to do every day, you had a very busy day yesterday and you will be very busy tomorrow. At the moment you are speaking about your work.

XIII. Listen to the text "A Hard Life":

Jerry Floyd is talking to his grandfather about his new job: "It's terrible, granddad. I have to get up at 7 o'clock because I have to catch the bus to work Because I'm new, I have to make the tea. I have to work hard ... I'm only happy at weekends: I don't have to work then".

His grandfather isn't very sympathetic:

"I had to start work when I was 14. 1 lived in South Wales, and there wasn't much work. I had to be a coal miner. We had to work twelve hours a day. We didn't have to work on Sundays ... but we had to work the other six days of the week.

When I was eighteen, the First World War started. I joined the army. 1 had to wear a uniform, and I had to go to France. A lot of my friends died. We had to obey the officers, and we had to kill people. When I was sixty, I had to go into hospital because of the dust from the mines. It was the only quiet time in my life... I didn't have to work, I didn't have to earn money.

I retired when I was sixty-five. Nowadays I don't work and I don't have to get up early. But I have to live on my pension, and life is still difficult. I don't feel sorry for you".

Questions: Why does Jerry think his life is hard? Was his grandfather's life easy or hard? Why?

XIV. Listen to the text again and ask more detailed questions, (general, special, alternative, disjunctive)

XV. Was your life hard? What did you have to do?

XVI. Listen to the conversations, ask and answer questions.

1. Mr. Williams: Where's Jimmy? Mrs. Williams: He's in bed. Mr. Williams: What's the matter with him? Mrs. Williams: He feels ill. Mr. Williams: He looks ill. Mrs. Williams: We must call the doctor. Mr. Williams: Yes, we must.

Mr. Williams: Can you remember the doctor's telephone number?

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Mrs. Williams: Yes. It's 09754.

Doctor: Open your mouth, Jimmy. Show me your tongue. Say, 'Ah'.

Mr. Williams: What's the matter with him, doctor?

Doctor: He has a bad cold, Mr. Williams, so he must

stay in bed for a week.

Mrs. Williams: That's good news for Jimmy.

Doctor: Good news? Why?

Mr. Williams: Because he doesn't like school. 2. Doctor: How's Jimmy today?

Mrs. Williams: He's better, thank you, doctor. Come upstairs.

Doctor: You look very well, Jimmy. You are better now,

but you mustn't get up yet. You must stay in bed for another two days. The boy mustn't go to school yet, Mrs. Williams. And he mustn't eat rich food.

Mrs. Williams: Has he a temperature, doctor?

Doctor: No, he hasn't.

Mrs. Williams: Must he stay in bed?

Doctor: Yes. He must remain in bed for another two

days. He can get up for about two hours each day, but you must keep the room warm. Where's Mr. Williams this evening?

Mrs. Williams: He's in bed, doctor. Can you see him, please? He has a bad cold, too.

XVII. Give a brief account of the conversations.

XVIII. Reproduce the phrases with modal verbs used in the conversations.

XIX. Read and role-play the conversations.

X. Situation: You are at the doctor's. The doctor is giving you instructions.

Self check

/. Complete the sentences with "can", "could" or "be able to". Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

1. Oh dear, I (not) ... remember her address. 2. Where are the keys? I (not) ... find them last night. 3. The show is very popular but luckily I ... get two seats for Saturday. 4. It's nice ... sleep late on Sundays. 5. My sister (not) ... swim until she was eleven. 6. I lost all my money but fortunately I ... borrow some from my friends. 7. He ... drive a car when he was sixteen. 8. Mary moved to

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New York last month, so she will ... see her parents more often. 9 The exam was easy. I ... do all the questions. 10. If wear lucky we. see the whole match. 11. I'd like to ... speak a little bit of every language. 12. I went to the library, Mrs. Price, but I ... (not) find the book you wanted. 13. He ... find a good answer if you ask him tonight. 14. Olaf ... speak English better after he has more classes.

//. Complete with "mustn't" or "don't (doesn't) have to".

1. I can stay in bed tomorrow morning because I ... work 2 You ... forget what I told you. It's very important. 3. I ... leave yet. I've got plenty of time. 4. She ... get up so early. She gets up early because she prefers to.

///. Complete with "must" or "have to".

1. You really ... work harder if you want to pass that examina­tion. 2. We couldn't repair the car ourselves. We . . take it to a garage. 3. I'm afraid I can't come tomorrow I ... work late. 4. I'm sorry I couldn't come yesterday. I ... work late 5. Ann was feeling ill last night. She ... leave the party.

IV. Complete with "must", "mustn't" or "needn't".

1. We've got a lot of time. We ... hurry. 2. Tom gave me a letter to post. 1 ... forget to post it. 3. Do you want me to wait for you? — Okay. You ... wait. 4. You ... come if you don't want to but I hope you will. 5. We have enough time so we ... go shopping today. 6. This book is very valuable. You ... look after it carefully You ... lose it.

V. Translate into English:

1 Ты сможешь помочь мне по математике сегодня вече­ром? — Боюсь, что нет. Мне предстоит поехать в аэропорт встретить своего приятеля. 2. Я должна поторопиться. Аня и я договорились встретиться в институте в 10 часов. 3. Не надо вставать так рано. Ты сможешь все сделать, если встанешь на час позже. 4. Можно мне просмотреть эти журналы' — Боюсь, что нет. Я должна показать их директору. Вы сможете взять их только после обеда. 5. Я напряженно работал и смог завершить работу в срок 6. Я не смогу пойти с вами в театр. Мне при­дется задержаться на работе до 8. 7. Мне не пришлось посылать ей телеграмму. Она позвонила сама. 8. Тебе пришлось долго ждать? — Около часа. 9. Поторопись. Пароход должен отпра­виться в 7.

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Answers

U NIT 2

Exercise 1, p. 22

1. Is this your newspaper? — No, it's Nina's. 2. What is your new flat like? — It's large and light. 3. Whose car is that: your father's or yours? — My father's 4. Where are our tickets' — They are in my bag. 5. What are those? — That is a desk and those are chairs. 6. What colour is your new coat? — Blue. 7. Nick is in Moscow now, isn't he? — Yes, he is. 8. Is this your pen — No, mine is red. I think it's Nina's. 9. What's this? — It's a lamp. 10. Whose car is that? — The red one? I think it's Victor's 11. Where is my umbrella? — Look on the desk. 12. My suitcase, please. — What colour is it? — Brown.— Here it is. 13. What's this? — It's a very interesting book. 14. Is this your umbrella? — No.— Are you sure? — Yes, I am My umbrella is blue. 15. Whose notebooks are these (they) ? Are they yours, Ann? — No, mine are in my bag. Ask Helen. Perhaps, they are hers.

UNITS

Exercise 1, p. 29

Are we; who is; Enrico is; Luisa is; they are; they are; I am; I am; that is; Are you; we are.

Exercise II, p. 29

1. Dick Brown is an engineer. He's thirty (years old). He's a doctor. He's married. His wife's name is Ann She is a journalist. They are from London. 2.— What's your name? — Harry Stone.— What country are you from? — England. (I'm from England) — Where are your friends from? — They are from France.— What are your jobs? — We are all engineers. 3 — What's your brother's name? — Alexander.— Is he married? — No, he is single.— What's his job? — He's a doctor 4. — Hello! How are you?— Fine, thanks.— How is your sister? — She is fine, too. Thank you.— Give my regards to her, please. 5. — How do you do. I'm Victor Ivanov, a diplomat from Minsk.— How do you do, Mr Iva-

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nov. Nice to meet you. 6. — What is your friend like? — He's a tall, thin man.— How old is he? — 45. (He's forty-five years old)

UNIT 4

Exercise 1, p. 34

1. Has Victor (got) any friends? — Yes, he has two good friends. 2. I have no money.— Neither have 1. 3. I have some newspapers.— So have 1. 4. Have you (got) any sweets? — I've got some. 5. I haven't got a piano. (I have no piano) 6. Have you got any sugar? — Yes, I've got some. 7. She hasn't got any relatives in Minsk. (She has no relatives in Minsk). 8. Have you got any free time? — Yes, I'm free now. 9. I have no boat. (I haven't got a boat) — Neither have I. 10. They have no children. (They haven't got any children) 11. I have no notebooks. (I haven't got any notebooks)

UNIT 5

Exercise I, p. 41

I. 1 there are, the 2. there is, the 3. this 4. there are 5. there is, the, the 6. this, there are 7. the 8. this, there are, the 9. the

Exercise II, p. 41

1. some, any 2. some, any 3. any, any 4. any, some 5. any, some 6. no 7. no, some 8. some 9. any, some 10. no, some 11. any, any

Exercise III, p. 41

1. My friend has got a good two-room flat. The rooms are large and light. There is a table and four chairs in the sitting-room. There is a bookcase on the right. In the left-hand corner there is a TV set and an armchair. The bedroom is also large. There are two beds and a wardrobe in it. There is a nice carpet on the floor. The kitchen is very comfortable. There is a kitchen table and some stools in it. There is a cupboard next to the gas-stove. There is a fridge opposite it. My friend's wife is glad that she has such a large and comfortable kitchen. 2. Are there any flowers in the vase? — Yes, there are some roses in it. 3. There is no sugar in your tea Put some. 4. Are there any English magazines in your library? — No. (there aren't any) 5. There is no sofa (there isn't a sofa) in our sitting-room, but there are two comfortable armchairs. 6. Is there any milk in the fridge? — Yes, there are two bottles of milk there. 7. There are no books (there aren't any books) on the desk,

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there are some magazines there. 8. Is there any chalk in the classroom? — No, there isn't any. 9. There is no bread (there isn't any bread) on the bread-plate. Is there any bread in the cupboard? 10. Is there a library in this neighbourhood? — Yes, there is a good library not far from here. 11. There are two inte­resting museums in our town. 12. What is there next to the post-office? — There is a shop there. 13. Have you got any notebooks? — Yes, I've got some. 14. There is no telephone in our flat. Have you got a telephone?

U NIT 6

Exercise I, p. 44

1. from, on 2. into 3. to 4. to 5. out of

Exercise II, p. 45

1. them 2. our 3. it 4. her 5. his 6. us

Exercise III, p. 45

1. Give me that pencil, please.— The black one? — No, the red one. 2. Take the vase out of the cupboard and put it on the table. 3. The lecture is very interesting. Don't miss it. 4. Ring up Helen. She is at home now. 5. There are some dirty dishes on the table. Wash them. 6. Don't take my dictionary. Take Ann's (dictionary). 7. Show us your new bicycle.— Here it is.

U NIT 7

Exercise I, p. 48

1. What time is it? — It's a quarter to eleven, (half past eleven; a quarter past twelve; twenty minutes past 8; twenty minutes to six; half past twelve; ten minutes past four; five minutes to nine; five minutes past nine; a quarter to eight) 2. What time is it by your watch? — It's ten minutes to eleven. My watch is ten minutes slow.— And my watch is five minutes fast. 3. What date is it today?—Today is Tuesday, the twenty-fifth of January. (Today is Friday, the ninth of June. Today is Wednesday, the twelfth of July Today is Saturday, the twenty-third of May)

UNITS

Exercise I, p. 55

1. Everybody is; Mr Anderson is cleaning; Mr Wilson is fixing; Mr and Mrs Thomas are painting; Mrs Black is doing; Tommy Lee is feeding; Mr and Mrs Lane are washing; I am; I'm washing...

385

I'm watching. 2. What are you doing; I'm typing; What are you typing; Is your husband; he's reading; Where are; They are playing; How is; What is she doing; She's visiting; how are you; Is your husband; he is.

Exercise II, p. 55

Where is Victor? — He's in his room.— What is he doing? — He's fixing the radio-set. 2. What are you writing? — I'm writing a letter to my sister. 3. Is Ann still typing? — Yes, she is. 4. What are you thinking about? — My work. 5. What are Jane and Dick doing now? — They are listening to music. 6. What are you looking for? — My umbrella.

UNIT 9

Exercise I, p. 62

Where is? She is; What is she doing; She's making; Is Johnny; he isn't; He is; What are they doing; They are playing; When is he coming back; What are you doing; I'm writing; Is she going; she isn't; Lucy and her husband are going.

Exercise II, p. 62

1. Are the students going to write a dictation? What are the students going to do (to write)? Who is going to write a dictation? Are the students going to write a dictation or a test? The students are going to write a dictation, aren't they? The students aren't going to write a test, are they? 2. Is she going to send a letter to her mother? What is she going to do? What is she going to send to her mother? Who is she going to send a letter to? Is she going to send a letter or a telegram to her mother? Is she going to send a letter to her mother or to her sister? She is going to send a letter to her mother, isn't she? She is not going to send her a telegram, is she^ 3 Are the Browns leaving on Monday? When are the Browns leaving? Who is leaving on Monday? What are the Browns doing on Monday? Are the Browns leaving on Monday or on Tuesday? The Browns are leaving on Monday, aren't they? They aren't leaving today, are they? 4. Is Betty coming to the party? Who isn't coming to the party? Is Betty coming to the party or not? Betty isn't coming to the party, is she? 5. Is Mike waiting for Lucy? Who is Mike waiting for? What is Mike doing? Where is he waiting for Lucy? Is Mike waiting for Lucy or for Paul? Mike is waiting for Lucy, isn't he?

Exercise III, p. 62

1. for 2. to 3. for 4. about 5. to 6. about 7. to 8. with

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Exercise IV, p. 62

1. Are you going to watch television tonight? — Yes.— So am I. 2. Lavrov is leaving on Tuesday. 3. What is Robert doing now? — He's translating an article. And what is he going to do then? — He's going to the cinema. 4. When are you going to visit your brother? — Tomorrow morning. 5. Are you going to the country tomobrow? — No. Tomorrow I'm taking my English exam. 6. My friends are coming on Sunday. I'm going to meet them at the sta­tion. 7. I'm going to the theatre tonight.

UNIT 10

Exercise I, p. 71

a) 1. something 2. anybody 3. something 4. anybody 5. anything 6. somebody 7. nobody 8. nothing 9. anybody

b) 1. little 2. much 3. a lot of, few 4. much, little 5. many (or a lot of) 6. many, few, a few 7. little 8. a few 9. many, a lot of 10. much, little 11. much 12. a lot of 13. many 14. many

Exercise II, p. 71

1. How many cinemas are there in your town? — There are some, two or three, I think. 2. Have you got any chalk? — Yes, I've got a little. Take some in the box. 3. There is too much furniture in their sitting-room, (or They've got too much furniture in their sitting-room.) 4. Please, give me something to read. 5. There is nothing (isn't anything) in the vase. 6. How many sisters has he? He has no (hasn't any) sisters. He has two brothers. 7. There is nobody in the flat. 8. There is something on the table. 9. Is there anybody in the office? 10. How much money have you got? 11. There are a lot of children in the park. 12. There is no (isn't any) butter in the fridge. 13. I haven't got many relatives. (I have few relatives) 14. Have you got many (a lot of) books? — No, very few. 15. There are some (a few) parks in our city. 16. There are no (aren't any) chairs in the sitting-room. 17. Somebody is standing at the window. 18. There is nothing in the bag. 19. I have no (haven't any) time to go there. 20. I have very little paper. I'm going to buy some. 21. There are a lot of women at this factory, but very few men. 22. He hasn't got many friends. 23. There isn't much tea in the teapot. 24. We haven't got much work today. 25. You haven't got many mistakes in your dictation, (or There aren't many mistakes in your dictation.) 26. Are there many roses in your garden? (or Have you got many roses in your garden?) 27. There are some (a few) newspapers on the table. 28. I have a little time. I'm going to the cinema.

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UNIT 11

Exercise I, p. 79

1. can (may) 2. must, needn't 3. can't, must 4. must, must, can't 5. may, mustn't 6. can, can 7. can't 8. may (can)

Exercise II, p. 79

1. May I smoke here? — No, you mustn't. 2. I can play golf And you? — So can I. 3. I can't swim.— Neither can I. 4. Where can we meet? — In the library. 5. Can I speak to you? — Yes, please. 6. Must I come, too? — No, you needn't. 7. I can't go with you. I must visit my sister. 8. Can I see Doctor Brown? — I'm afraid not. He is busy now. 9. Who can meet his mother at the station? — Mary can.

UNIT 12 Exercise I, p. 94

A. 1. Jack is often; 2. Mary and Jane often go; 3. Mike is never,

4. Betty sometimes phones; 5 They are sometimes; 6. Alice is usually; 7. Paul doesn't often come; 8. Jane always visits; 9. James doesn't often watch; 10. Donald doesn't know... he speaks.

B. It is; It is; Mary and James Wilson are; James is; His wife teaches; The Wilsons don't go; they are; They are having... liste­ning, They always listen; Peter isn't; He is; He does... his parents are; Peter's hobby is; He often plays.

Exercise II, p. 94

1. Victor doesn't want to go out of town.— Neither do I. 2. My brother doesn’t' smoke. 3. Sometimes I go to work on foot, (or Sometimes I walk to my office) 4. I read a lot.— So do I

5. My sister is usually busy on Monday. 6. He doesn't always rest in the south. 7. I don't like this picture.— Neither do 1. 8. We never go to the south in summer. 9. My son often visits me. 10 We are usually at home on Sunday evening. I like to spend the evenings at home, to listen to some music, to watch TV or read a book. I don't go to bed late, but I like to get up early. 11 Robert doesn't play tennis.— Yes, he does 12. He is very busy now.— So am I.

13. My son studies at the Medical Institute.— So does my daughter.

14. Do you ever see Peter? — Seldom.

Exercise I, p. 105

1. The swimming bath opens... closes; 2. I don't use; 3. How many cigarettes do you smoke; 4. What do you do; 5. Where does your father come; He comes; 6. why don't you get; 7. I play... I don't; 8. I do not understand; What does "deceive" mean; 9. What time do the banks close.

388

Exercise II, p. 105

1. Do you often see my brother at the plant? — Yes, I do. 2. Robert never writes to me. 3. Why don't you cook yourself? — I have no time. 4. What time do you have supper? — At 8 o'clock. 5 I wonder why Victor doesn't phone me. 6. Does your son like to watch TV? — Yes, he watches television every day. 7. I wonder whether he knows her address. 8. Do you know whether (if) he smokes? — I've no idea. 9. Nick lives far from here, doesn't he? — "Yes, very far. 10. Sometimes I go to work on foot. And you? — I always drive to work. 11. Where do you usually spend your holidays? — In the south, as a rule. 12. Don't you know my brother? — No. 13. Peter doesn’t speak German, does he? — Yes, he does. 14. Do you usually dine (have dinner) at home or at the canteen? — At home, as a rule. I live not far from work. 15. Do you like her flat? — No.— Neither do I.

Exercise I, p. 109

1. Where is, She is; What is she doing; She is cooking; Does she always cook; she does. 2. What are they discussing; They are speaking. 3. What is Mike doing; He is translating; Does he know; he does. 4. Does he often walk; he usually goes. 5. He is having; Does he always have. 6. Mike doesn't speak; He knows. 7. The students are writing. 8. The baby is sleeping; The baby sleeps. 9. I'm sitting; I usually sit. 10. AH speaks... he is speaking. 11. What are they talking about. 12. What does your father do. 13. My parents live; Where do your parents live. 14. Where are you going; Do you often go. 15. Our teacher is not standing; She is sitting. 16. She is eating; She always eats. 17. Alice doesn't take; She usually walks.

Exercise II, p. 110

1. As a rule my father gets up at 8 o'clock. 2. I always rest after

supper. 3. Where is Victor? — He is having dinner. 4. My brother

knows English and he can help you. Ring him up. I think he isn't

sleeping yet. 5. What is Robert doing? — He is playing tennis.—

Does he play tennis well? — Not very. 6. How often do you see your

sister? — Two or three times a month. 7. Mary is in the library

now. She is writing an article. She works in the library every

day. 8. Where are you in the evening? I often go to my classes at the

Institute. 9. Why are you often late? — I don't like to get up early.

10. Are the children having dinner? — No, they are playing football.

11. What are you doing now? — I'm listening to the radio. 1 always listen to the news in the morning. 12. We often go to the theatre.— So do we. 13. I wonder what he is doing now.— I think he is

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reading. 14. Peter doesn't play chess.— Neither does Nick. 15. She is usually at work at 10 a. m., but today she is at home. 16. How often do you meet Victor? — Every week, on Thursday.— Do you know where he lives? — No. 17. Who knows French? — Petrov does. 18. Who is playing the piano? — Helen is. She plays the piano very well. 19. He never writes to you, does he? — Yes, he does. 20. Do you often go to the cinema? — Once or twice a month.

UNIT 13 Exercise VIII, p. 114

1. Are you interested in football? — Yes, but I seldom go to the stadium, I prefer to watch football matches on television. 2. My brother is a bright boy. He does well at school, he can draw and play the piano well, he is keen on sports. In a week he is going to Moscow to take part in a tennis competition. 3. When do you want to go fishing? — Either on Tuesday or on Wednesday. 4. Please, switch on the TV set.— But I don't know how to switch it on. 5. Nick often goes away on business, and I seldom see him. 6. My wife doesn't work now, she looks after the baby. She is going back to work in three months. 7. Do you read a lot? — Yes, my book­case is full of books, but I'm very busy now, but usually I read for two hours in the evening. 8. My father comes home from work at 6 o'clock, has supper, rests about an hour and then he goes for a walk either to the park or to the river. He likes to go for a walk in the evening. 9. Both my brother and I are keen on sports. In winter we often go skiing on Sunday, and in summer we like to go fishing and boating.

Exercise I, p. 121

1. Mrs Wilson is sitting; She is reading, She reads; Mr Wilson is pouring; He drinks .. he goes; the children are not watching; They are playing; They usually watch... they are not paying; Mrs Wilson is not watching; She doesn't like; Mr Wilson leaves, Mrs Wilson doesn't go; She stays; She does ... looks. 2. Where is Jackson from; He is; What does he do; He is; What is he doing; He is; When is he leaving; 3. I'm phoning; I'm working; You never stay; I am having difficulty; you seldom have; You always finish; what are you doing; Are you watching; Jill is preparing ... I am get­ting.

390

Exercise II, p. 122

1. Where do you spend your free time? — We often go to the country. 2. When does the meeting begin? — At 5. 3. I come home late now, because I have a lot of work. 4. Where is Victor? — He is still having dinner.— He usually dines at a restaurant, doesn't he? — Yes, he does.— Why doesn't he dine at home? — He lives far from work. 5. Do you speak German? — No, I speak Spanish.— Who else knows Spanish? — I think Mary does. 6. Is your daughter keen on sports? — Yes, she is very keen on tennis. 7.1 seldom see my sister, because she lives out of town. 8. What are you doing now? — I'm translating an article. 9. My son doesn't like hockey. He prefers football. 10. Where are you going? — To the library.— Do you often work in the library? — Once or twice a week.

UNIT 14

Exercise VIII, p. 127

1. going 2. coming 3. go, go 4. comes 5. go 6. goes, comes 7. go 8. go 9. going 10. come

Exercise IX, p. 127

1. My parents are old. I have to help them. 2. I don't have to get up early now, because I'm on holiday. 3. The train arrives in Moscow at 6 a. m. 4. When do you come home? — As a rule, at 6 p. m. 5.1 am going to the south. And you? — 1 don't know where to spend my holiday. 6. Do you have to type yourself? — Not always, my sister helps me. She can type very well. 7. We must meet at the bus-stop at 12.30. I must hurry up. 8. I am looking forward to seeing my brother. He is coming back in a week.

Exercise I, p. 135

in; at; from; till; on; to; by; for; at; before; at; till; at; -; -; -; for; after; in; for; in; to;.-; of; with; with; on; at; to; at.

Exercise II, p. 135

James is; He works; He gets up... he doesn't like... he has breakfast; He gets ...he likes; He studies... he has; He teaches; he has; His physics lab is.. he does; His astronomy classes are; James is not athletic... he doesn't want... he jogs; He also plays; He is always; James and Bill are talking; What are you doing; I'm going; You are working; Do you often go; I'm taking; How long are you going; Do you want.

391

Exercise III, p. 135

1. Why does James get up early every day? 2. What time does he have breakfast? 3. What time does he get to the University? 4. What does James do? 5. When does he teach? 6. When is his physics lab? 7. What does James do not to get fat?

Exercise IV, p. 136

1. I must phone Mother. Wait for me a minute, please. 2. Where is Victor? — He is still having dinner. 3. It takes me about an hour to get to work. I live in the country. 4. What are you going to do to­night? — I want to help my son with his maths 5. Ring her up now I think she isn't sleeping yet. She usually goes to bed late. 6. Where are you usually in the evenings? — I always go for a walk in the park. Sometimes I play tennis or volley-ball there. 7. How often do you go away on business? — Once or twice a month. 8. I wonder what Father is doing now.— I think he is still working in the garden. 9. I don't know his address.— Neither do I. 10. We often go fishing.— So do we. 11.1 am very busy now.— So am I. 12. Victor is coming at 6 o'clock. I'm going to the station to meet him.

UNIT 15

Exercise I, p. 146

An Englishman came; He stopped... and decided; He went... and did so; he sent; he went; he wanted... he didn't remember; he sent.

Exercise II, p. 146

1. Yesterday Nick phoned me. He is going away on business tonight. 2. Two weeks ago my wife and I heard "Aida". We liked the opera very much. 3. My son is a student. He finished school three years ago. 4. Yesterday we were at the cinema. We met our friends there. 5. On Sunday we didn't go to the country. We visited our relatives. 6.1 didn't buy a ticket yesterday.— Neither did I. 7. 1 forgot her address.— So did I. 8. We came home late.— So did we. 9. I left home early.— So did I.

Exercise I, p. 155

A. lived; went; came; stopped; helped; said; lost; telephoned; sent; was; thanked; left; said; How did you lose; smiled; closed; said; didn't quite lose; got; didn't want.

Who did the grandfather live with? Where did he go every day? What time did he come home for lunch? What happened one day? What did one of the policemen say? Did the grandfather really lose his way? Why did the grandfather telephone the police?

B. Arthur is; He went; Deborah is; Did you have; Yes, I did...

392

I met; Did the train get; it didn't; It was

C. Jack is;; Why didn't he go; He was; Does he often travel; Where did he go; I don't know I'm afraid.

Exercise 11, p. 156

1. When did you last see Victor'' — 3 days ago at the Insti­tute. 2. Did you like the lecture? — Yes, very much.— So did I.— But my brother didn't like it.— Really? 3. Who visited him yester­day? - Bill did. 4. Whom did you invite to your birthday party? — Mary and Helen.— Why didn't you invite Emma? — She's very busy just now I invited her but she didn't come. 5. You phoned her yesterday, didn't you? — No, I phoned her on Thursday. 6 When did they come back from London? — A week ago.— How long did they stay there? — A month. 7. Where did you go yesterday after classes? — To the library. I spent the whole evening there.

8. We didn't translate this text last week, did we? — Yes, we did.

9. Did you look through the documents yesterday? — Yes, certainly.

10. You worked at the University before, didn't you? — Yes, I worked there for 10 years. 11. How much did you pay for your TV set? — 10 000 roubles. 12. Didn't you send him a telegram yester­day? — No, I forgot. 13. I don't know whether Victor came yester­day.— I think he did. 14. When did she leave? — I've no idea when she left.

Exercise I, p. 166

A. was ... was; didn't speak; was ... came ... went; didn't say ... went; washed ... did; went... found; were; woke ... was; saw; took ...

read.

B. Julia is having; Were you late; I was ... the manager was;

Did he see; he did; He saw ... I came in.

C. Were you; I wasn't; Where were you; I was; When were you; 1 rang you up... you didn't answer; I was; I came.

Exercise II, p. 166

1. Were you late for the lecture yesterday? — No, I came on time. 2. Where were your parents in summer? — At the seaside. 3. When was your brother abroad? — Last year. 4. Were vou at the Institute yesterday? — No, I was ill. 5. I wonder where they were last night. 6. Nick was in Italy in June, wasn't he? — No, he was there in September. 7.1 don't know whether Jane was at the lecture. Perhaps, she was. 8. She was disappointed by the news.— Really? 9. I was very busy yesterday.— So was I. 10. We were not late. Neither were we. 11. You weren't at the party, were you? — Yes, I was.

393

Exercise I, p. 170

A. was ... was; bought ... put; came ... said; are ... are; didn't say ... walked ... went; was ... didn't say; came; had; are ... said; forgot.

B. I got; My wife opened; she said; I answered; Are you... she asked; I answered; I'm not ... I'm; Dinner is... she said; I took... sat; My wife sat; Did you catch ... she asked; I answered; I missed it; I ran ... got; Which train did you catch; What time did you get ... she asked; I answered; my wife exclaimed; Wasn't the boss; he wasn't ... I said; He arrived; He missed.

Exercise II, p. 171

1. Yesterday evening we were in the club. There was a concert there. There were a lot of workers from our plant at the concert.

2. Five years ago I lived in Moscow, then I worked at a plant.

3. When did you last see Nina? — Last week. 4. Were you at home on Monday morning? — No, I was at work. 5. When did you have dinner? — At 3 o'clock. 6. What language did you study at school? — German. 7. When did you get married? — In 1988.

8. Last week the postman brought me a letter from my father.

9. Did you come to work on time yesterday? — Yes, I did.

10. Where were you on Sunday evening? — At Victor's. 11. When were you at the theatre last? — A month ago. 12. Yesterday I woke up at 7 o'clock. I washed, had breakfast and went to the plant. I ca­me to the plant at 8 o'clock, looked through the papers and dictated business letters to my secretary. After dinner I took part in a mee­ting and made a report. At our meeting we discussed a lot of questions. I was busy till 8 o'clock. 13. Did you enjoy the concert? — Yes, I did.— So did I. 14. I wasn't at the Institute yesterday.— Neither was I. 15. Why didn't you phone me yesterday? — I came home too late. 16. Weren't you at the cinema yesterday? — No, I was at a party. 17.1 didn't enjoy the film. Neither did I. 18.1 didn't have breakfast today, because I got up late and was in a hurry to get to work on time. I had to take a taxi. 19. Yesterday evening 1 was in the library.— So wasj. 20. I was not late.— Neither was I. 21. When did you first hear "Aida"? — 6 years ago. 22. Where did he buy this dictionary? — I've no idea where he bought it. 23. Last year I used to get up early.

UNIT 16 Exercise VII, p. 175

1. doing ... making 2. do 3. to do ... to make 4. do 5. to make 6. did 7. made

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Exercise VIII, p. 175

1. My watch was slow, so 1 had to take it to the repairs. 2. Did you have to wait for him long? — No, he came on time. 3. I didn't have to go to the Institute yesterday, we had no classes. 4. She told me to come at 6 and asked me not to be late. 5. I asked the typist to type some documents for me. 6. She told me not to wait for her. 7.1 want to ask Victor to meet me. 8. He told me not to switch on the TV set today. 9. She asked you not to phone her so late 10. I want to ask my brother for his typewriter for a few days. 11. Tomorrow Peter is leaving for Moscow. He is going to take part in a conferen­ce. 12. Switch on the radio. I want to listen to the news.

Exercise I, p. 185

at, to, on, at, before,at, on, for, off, on, on, to, off, of, into, at, at, on, out, for, at, with, alter, back, to, till (until), at, back, on, on, -, -.

Exercise II, p. 186

1. How often does Miss Green go to the office? 2. At what time does she start work? 3. Was she late for work yesterday? 4. How long did she type? 5. Where did she have lunch? 6. Who did she have lunch with? 7. What did she do after lunch? (Where did she go after lunch?) 8. When did she go home?

Exercise III, p. 186

I. The text was difficult and I had to use a dictionary. It took me about two hours to translate the text. 2. Did you listen to the news yesterday? — Certainly, I always listen to the news in the evening. 3. Hurry up. Father asked us not to be late. 4. Yesterday we had a meeting. My boss made a report. Everybody liked his report. 5 Today I left home at 8.20 and came to work 15 minutes earlier. 6. Yesterday my sister left for London. She will come back in two weeks. 7. Please, ask Victor to phone me tonight.

UNIT 17

Exercise I, p. 195

1. I was having 2. When I saw... I realised 3. I wrote. 4.'I took... it was raining 5. It was snowing... I wanted.

Exercise II, p. 196

A. 1 What were you reading ... I came; I took; 2. Ann was still waiting ... I arrived. She got... I was; 3. Where were you hurrying ... I met you; I was going; 4. I was not driving... the accident happe­ned; 5.1 came; While I was waiting... I was reading; 6. The telepho­ne rang... we were having. My wife answered.

395

В. The students were talking... the teacher came in... they stopped... the teacher spoke; He walked... began; While he was writing, the students sat... took... prepared; The teacher finished... sat... opened; He was reading... the students were answering, the bell rang... most of them were still writing; The teacher told .. he collected; they left... he began.

Exercise III, p. 196

1. While the typist was typing, I was speaking to the chief engineer. 2. What were you doing on Monday from 8 to 10 in the evening? — I was preparing for my exam. 3.You were busy yester­day, weren't you? — Yes, I was writing an article.— That's a pity. There was a very interesting lecture at the University yesterday.

4. Who were you talking to when I met you? — To my cousin. 5. Yesterday evening we were all at home. I was reading the whole evening. My wife was watching television, and the children were playing chess. 6. What were you discussing at yesterday's mee­ting? — We were speaking about our production plan. 7. Who hel­ped you to translate the article? — I translated it myself. 8. She never told about herself. 9. Who signed the documents? — You signed them yourself. 10. I didn't have to phone Nick. He phoned me himself. 11. We didn't ask anybody for help and did all the work ourselves. 12. They told me about it themselves.

UNIT 18

Exercise I, p. 210

1. I am going; 2. it will rain; 3. Tom will get; 4. A friend is coming;

5. we are going; 6. It won't hurt you; 7. I'll do.

Exercise II, p. 210

a) 1. I'm going to wash; 2 I'll lend; 3. What are you going to do; 4. I'll send; 5.1 am going to watch; 6. I'll do; 7. I'll go; 8. it is going to fall down; 9. I'll show; 10. I'll have; 11. I'll turn on; 12. He is going to have... he is going to start; 13. I'll buy; 14. What colour are you going to paint; 15. What are you going to wear; 16. When are you going to type; I'll do.

b) 1. what I am going to do; 2. The pUme is leaving; 3. you are going to like; 4. We are going to be; 5. Sue and Alan are getting married; 6. it is going to snow; 7. I'm taking; 8. My parents are arriving; 9. I'm going to be; 10. The new supermarket is opening.

c) 1. We are going; 2. We are having; 3. Does the film begin; 4.1 am not going away ... Are you going away; 5. The concert starts; 6 you are getting married, 7. The art exhibition opens... finishes; 8. What time does the next train leave; 9. we are going ... Are you coming.

Exercise II, p. 211

1. How long will it take you to finish this work? — I think I'll finish it in a week. 2. Where are you going to rest this summer? — I want to go to the south. 3. What are you doing tonight? — I'm going to the theatre. 4. I wonder whether Jane will come to the party.— I don't think so. Her mother is coming tonight, she's going to the station to meet her 5. Did you bring the dictionary? — No, I forgot. I'll bring it tomorrow. 6. Robert won't be present at the meeting. He's leaving for Moscow. He will stay there for a month. 7. Hurry up. The train starts in half an hour. 8. Don't worry about your daughter. I will look after her. 9. When are you taking your last exam? — On Friday.

UNIT 19

Exercise V, p. 214

1. It may rain tomorrow. Very likely. It rains every day. October is always very wet here. 2. It was raining hard yesterday and it was very cold. 3. It often snowed last month, and this month it often rains. 4. It is usually warm here in July, but this July is cool. 5. When did it last snow? — On Friday. 6. I am looking forward to summer. My sister and I are going to the south,. 7. Did it snow yesterday? — Yes, but the snow melted very quickly. 8. There isn't a cloud in the sky. I don't think it will rain today.

Exercise I, p. 218

Two men were travelling; They saw; they saw ... Indians lived; they met ... who was, He was ... knew; He could; the weather will be...asked; he answered; Rain will come; there will be... the sunshine will come...the weather will be; said; he turned; how do you know; I heard.

Exercise II, p. 219

1. Where did you spend your holiday? — 1 was in the Cauca­sus.— What was the weather like there? — It was dry and sunny. I swam and sunbathed a lot. 2. What is the climate like in Bela­rus? — Summer is not hot Winter is mild. The climate is wet, it often rains. 3. What is the weather forecast for tomorrow? — It will be cloudy and cool, but it won't rain.

UNIT 20

Exercise I, p. 225

1. Will you please translate this article? — I'll try to. 2. Shall I buy this dictionary for you? — Please, do. 3. Where shall we

397

meeе? — Let's meet at the cinema at 7. 4. Shall we play a game of chess? — I'm sorry but I can't. I'm going to the Institute. 5. Shall we go to the theatre tomorrow? — Good idea. 6. Shall I switch on the TV set? --Yes, please. 7. Will you please pass me the salt? 8. Will you please lend me some money? — Certainly. 9. Shall I invite Victor to my birthday? 10. Shall I type these letters? — Please, do 11. Shall we go out of town tomorrow? I'm afraid I can't. I shall be busy tomorrow. 12. Shall I buy you a ticket for the match? — Please, do. That's very kind of you. 13. Will you please tell me the time? — It's 10.30.

U NIT 21

Exercise I, p. 231

I'll be working; When will you be setting off ( = When are you setting off); I'm taking ( = will be taking); I'm spending (= will be spending); We are doing ( = will be doing); Will you be tra­velling ( = Are you travelling); I'm taking; I'll be staying... I'll be leaving; I'll be sitting...it will probably be pouring; my gin-friend will be waiting... she won't wait; I'll be doing.

Exercise II, p. 231

1. Come to see me tonight. My friend will be telling about his trip to England. 2. When is he flying to Paris? — Next week.

3. Don't go away. The train will be arriving in a few minutes.

4. Let's hurry up. It will be raining in a minute. 5. I won't write to him. He's coming next week. 6. Will you be travelling again in summer? — Yes, we are going to the Caucasus. 7. What will you be doing tomorrow? — From 10 to 2 I shall be working in the library. From 3 to 7 I'll be having my classes at the Institute.

UNIT 22

Exercise VI, p. 234

1. another 2. other 3. other 4. another 5. other 6. another 7. other 8. other 9. another 10. other 11. other

Exercise VII, p. 234

1. Do you enjoy French films? — Yes, I do. 2. 1 didn't enjoy the concert. And you? — Neither did I. 3. One of her sons is a pilot, the other is a diplomat. She is very proud of them. 4. This summer we rested in the south.— Did you have a good time? (Did you enjoy yourselves?) — Yes, the weather was fine. We enjoyed swimming in the sea and lying in the sun. My husband spent a lot of time fishing. It is his hobby.

398

Exercise I, p. 242

It was; I never get up; 1 sometimes stay; I got up; I looked; It was; I thought; It is raining; the telephone rang, It was; she said; I came; I am still having ... I said; What are you doing...she asked; I'm having... I repeated; she said; Do you always get up; It is.

Exercise II, p. 242

1. What are you going to do tonight? — Nothing special.— Shall we go to the cinema? — Good idea. 2. I couldn't buy the tickets for this film yesterday.— What a pity! 3. Do you enjoy playing tennis? — Yes, it's my favourite kind of sports. 4. Are you going to the south this year? — No, this year I am having my holi­day in Novemder. November in the south is rainy and cool. 5. My father is very fond of gardening. We have a good garden, and he is very proud of it. 6. Last Sunday we went to a restaurant to celebrate our wedding anniversary. We enjoyed ourselves greatly.

UNIT 23

Exercise I, p. 253

A. 1. You won't catch... you don't hurry. 2. I shall wait...you are

3. the weather is... we'll have 4.1 finish... I'll take 5. He will leave...

you arrive 6. I'll have... I finish 7. I'll speak... I see 8.1 won't leave...

you return 9. you don't take... you'll be 10. What will happen...

I tell 11. Will you tell ...breakfast is 12. you ask... he will help 13. I'll be...she arrives 14. he doesn't attend... he won't see 15. she

hears... she'll be 16. I shan't phone... something important happens 17. he doesn't come, will you be? 18. They will laugh...they realise 19. you'll like... you meet 20. I'll send... I reach 21. I'll get... they have 22. Will she go... she gets 23. he offers... Guy will take 24. he tells... I'll go B. the sun rises... we'll get up and dress While you prepare... I'll pack. We'll set off...everything is ready. We won't stop...it's. While we have... we'll discuss. When we finish... we'll sleep. We'll hurry... it's ... the weather is... we'll put on. As soon as it gets... we'll make. Before everybody goes... we'll have. Won't we have ... C. I'll ring... there are, you are. . you'll have; I'll deci­de . I get; I pass... I'll buy; he gets in touch, I'll invite; I'll miss... I go, I'll see.. I get home.

Exercise II, p. 254

1. I'll call on you as soon as I am free. 2. I'll tell you my new address before we move to our new flat. 3. If nobody meets me at the station, I'll take a taxi. 4. After the meeting is over, I'll go to the cinema. 5. I'll wait until he phones me. 6. What will you do if you don't find him at home? 7. When I come to Moscow I'll send you a

399

41

telegram. 8. I'll help you as soon as I finish writing my article. 9. I shan't leave until you return. 10. You'll miss the train if you don't hurry up. 11. We won't have dinner until you come. 12. I'll call on you before I leave Moscow. 14. If he doesn't come tomorrow, send him a telegram. 15. I'll speak to him about it when I see him. 16. If I don't go away on business, I'll call on you one of these days.

UNIT 24

Exercise V, p. 257

1. Do you enjoy Indian films? — Yes, I do. 2. What is your bro­ther doing? — He's preparing for his exams. 3. I didn't enjoy the concert. And you? — Neither did I. 4. Here's your coat. Put it on. 5. Yesterday Nick rang me up. He asked me for my tape-recorder for a few days. 6. Where are the books? — They are inside the dra­wer 7. Switch on the light It's dark. 8. We enjoyed ourselves at the party.

Exercise I, p. 262

We had; He's flying; He arrives; we contacted ... the flight number is; we're not ... he's coming; he doesn't know; I doubt... we'll be able; he feels; the time is; he gets; it's; he'll probably want; he'll just want; I'll be taking... he's.

Exercise II, p. 263

It was my wife's birthday on Saturday. She was 37. We invited our parents and some friends to her birthday party. We had a good time. My wife cooked tasty dishes. One of her friends brought good records, and we enjoyed listening to them. While we were dancing, our parents were watching the slides of their trip to the Crimea. My birthday is in June. We are going to celebrate it in a restaurant.

UNIT 25

Exercise I, p 278

the most beautiful; the Nicest; larger; harder; more; more interesting; the worst

Exercise II, p. 278

1. Yesterday I got up later than usual. 2. My father is the oldest in our family, and my sister is the youngest. 3. Our sitting-room is the lightest room in our flat. 4. He is the most talented of his friends. 5. My elder brother is five years older than I (me). 6. My father is the tallest of us. 7. She is as beautiful as her mother. 8. It is the most interesting book in his collection. 9. Which language

400

is more difficult: German or English? 10. This summer is the driest. 11. There are more students in our group than in yours. 12 My suit is much more expensive than yours. 13. The railway station is farther from here than the airport. 14. The Moscow under — ground is the best in the world. 15. This story is not so interesting as that. 16. Mary is much more beautiful than her sister. 17 I have fewer books than you. 18. Your dictation is the worst. 19 The twenty-second of December is the shortest day of the year. 20. This exercise is much more difficult than that. 21. This film is less inte­resting than that. 22. She is as sociable as her sister.

UNIT 26

Exercise V, p. 281

1. other 2. another 3. other 4. another 5. the others 6. others

7. another 8. the others

Exercise I, p. 293

to; on; for; —; for; at; on; on; —.

Exercise II, p. 293

1. were 2. them 3. on 4. on 5. much better 6. stronger 7. fewer

8. the other 9. at

Exercise III, p. 293

What can I do for you? — I'd like to buy a light raincoat.

— What size do you wear? — 46.— How do you find this blue rain­coat? I think it will suit you.

— I like the colour, but I don't like the style Have you got a rain­coat the same colour, but a different style? — Have a look at this

raincoat. How do you find it? — I like it. I'd like to try it on.__Go

to the fitting-room.— I think this raincoat is a bit tight on me.

— Yes, you need a size larger. Take off this raincoat I'll bring you size 48. Here you are,— I think this raincoat fits me.— Yes, it is your size.— How much is it? — 3000 roubles.— I'll take it.

UNIT 27

Exercise I, p. 307

1. can't 2. couldn't 3. was able to 4. to be able to 5. couldn't 6. was able to 7. could 8. be able to 9. was able to 10. shall be able to 11. be able to 12. couldn't 13. will be able to 14. will be able to

Exercise II, p. 308

1. don't have to 2. mustn't 3. don't have to 4. doesn't have to

401

Exercise III, p. 308

1. must 2. had to 3 I'll have to 4. had to 5. had to

Exercise IV, p. 308

1. needn't 2 mustn't 2. mustn't 3 needn't 4. needn't 5. must 5. must, mustn't

Exercise V, p. 308

1. Will you be able to help me with maths tonight? — I'm afraid not. I have to go to the airport to meet a friend of mine. 2. I must hurry up. Ann and I are to meet at the Institute at 10. 3. You needn't (don't have to) to get up so early. You will be able to do everything if you get up an hour later. 4. May I look through these journals? — I'm afraid not. I must show them to the manager. You may (can) take them only after dinner. 5. I worked hard and I was able to finish the work on time. 6. I shan't be able to go to the theatre with you. I shall have to stay at work till 8. 7. I didn't have to send her a telegram. She rang me up herself 8. Did you have to wait long? — About an hour. 9 Hurry up. The ship is to sail at 7.

ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ МАТЕРИАЛ

TOPIC: HOUSE. FLAT

Text

Many families in London live in flats but some people live in their own houses in the suburbs. The Browns too have a house in a London suburb. There are two floors in it, the ground floor and the first floor.

On the ground floor there's a sitting-room, a kitchen and a hall. Upstairs there are two bedrooms and a bathroom. In front of the house the Browns have a small garden where they grow flowers. At the back of the house there's a large garden with some fruit trees in it. At the side of the house there is a garage.

Let's have a look at Mr Brown's sitting-room. There is a piano with a low (music) stool in front of it. Next to the piano there's a bookcase. On the left there is a large window. Under the window there's a cosy sofa. The fireplace is at the other end of the room. On each side of the fireplace there's an armchair.

Opposite the fireplace you can see a small table with some newspapers on it. By the table there's a small chair. On the right there's a radio-set. There's a nice thick carpet on the floor. During the day the sitting-room is full of light. The Browns are glad to have a sitting-room like this.

Conversation

Paul: It's quite a big house. How many floors are there?

Dan: Three altogether and a basement. There's the sitting room

and the kitchen on the ground floor, three rooms on the next

floor and three on the top floor. Liz: And my study is in the basement. Dan: There's a small garden at the back, too Paul: Well, it's a lovely house. Liz: Yes we like it, too, but there's one thing... Paul: What's that? Liz: Too many stairs. Dan: The stairs!

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TOPIC: FAMILY. FRIENDS. RELATIVES.

Text 1

Victor Raul Manani is twelve years old. He lives in a little town near Lima on the west coast of Peru. He's got three brothers and two sisters. His father is dead. His mother sells potatoes in the market. Victor sells chewing gum and hats to people in cars.

"I work because I need to eat", says Victor. "I don't like selling things in the streets but I like making money. I make quite a lot. 1 spend it on shoes, school books and clothes but I give some money to my mother. I like school and learning English. I can speak a little English now."

Text 2

Paloma Jerez is Spanish. She is married to Juan, a dentist, and lives in a flat in Madrid. She has twins, two girls aged three, and she's a teacher of mathematics. In her spare time she likes going to parties, playing the classical guitar and swimming, but she doesn't like watching television at all. She likes going to Ibiza for her holidays.

Text 3

My name is Georgina, but I'm called "Georgie" by my friends. I live near York, in the north-east of England. I'm a dental nurse. I work for a young Australian dentist. He's very nice and he's a very good dentist, but I don't like my job very much.

My sister is called Rosie. She's married with two children, a girl and a boy, and lives in a house near London in a town called Enfield. She's a teacher. She teaches in a big school in the north of London. She likes her job very much.

My brother's name is Andrew. He doesn't have a job. He's unemployed.

Conversation

Presenter: And now on Radio 5: Sportworld with Kevin Callaghan.

Kevin: Good afternoon, and welcome to Sportsworld. Today in the studio we have a special guest, an up-and-coming tennis star, winner of the Monte Carlo Cup, second in the Earls Court Indoor Championships — yes, it's Debbie Ford. Hello, Debbie!

Debbie: Hello'

Kevin: Well, Debbie, you're a very successful tennis star and you're still very young... just how old are you?

Debbie: 15.

404

Kevin: Just 15! That's fantastic! Tell me, Debbie, what's the

secret of your success? Are you all good sportsmen

in your family? Debbie: Well, I started playing tennis very young. My mother's

a teacher and she started me playing. Kevin: I see... what about your father? Debbie: Oh Dad? ... No ... he's a bit lazy ...he's 49 now ... and he

just doesn't have the time. Kevin: What does he do? Debbie: He's a doctor. He used to play football when he was

younger...

Kevin: Have you got any brothers or sisters? Debbie: Yes, I've got a brother and a sister. Kevin: Tell me about them. Debbie: Well, Jane... my sister's name's Jane .. she's 20 and

she's a secretary... she works for the Chesterton

Gazette.

Kevin: And what about your brother? Debbie: David ... well he's only 10 so he's still at school. Kevin: Are they good at sport? Debbie: Mmm! Not bad! Jane swims quite well ... she likes

swimming ... but David's the one to watch. Kevin: Oh yes?

Debbie: He started playing tennis two years ago and... Kevin: With your mum? Debbie: Yes, Mum started him off. It's good ... we can practise

together ... he's faster than... Kevin: And he's only 10! Debbie: Mmm! Kevin: So, we'll have to look out for David in a few years time.

Now, Debbie ... tell us something about your training

schedule...

TOPIC: WORKING DAY. DAILY ROUTINE.

Text

Gavin is a student from Cardiff College of Further Educa­tion. He is spending a year at the Sorbonne University in Paris. After a few weeks in Paris he wrote a letter to his friends at the college.

Paris,

21 st October Dear All,

I'm writing this letter in my room and I can see the river Seine from my window. It's beautiful.

405

I am staying in a student hostel some miles from the centre of Paris. I've got a big room and I use it as a bedroom and a study and a sitting room! I share a big kitchen with the other students in the hostel. I sometimes cook there, but I usually have my meals, at the University. The food there is good and quite_сhеар

The University is about two stops from here on the Metro (the underground). It only takes ten minutes to get there, so that's easy Most of the other students cycle, but I haven't got a cycle yet.

I'm enjoying myself very much Pans is a fascinating city. I really like walking round the old parks It's very different from Cardiff.

Do write if you have time.

All the best Yours, Gavin

Conversation

John: So you work in a pub.

Lucy: Yes, that's right.

John: What's it like?

Lucy: It's nice. I like it. You meet a lot of interesting people.

A lot of boring ones too, mind you. John: I beg your pardon? Lucy: I said, a lot of boring ones too. John: Oh, yes. I can imagine. A pub — I should think that's

hard work, isn't it? Lucy: Yes and no. It depends. John: How do you mean? Lucy: Well, it's hard at weekends. I mean, last Saturday night,

with both bars full and one barman away ill — well, my feet

didn't touch the ground. But on weekdays it's usually very

quiet.

What about you? What do you do¹ You're an accountant or

something, aren't you? John: I work in a bank.

Lucy: Oh yes, that's right. Ann said. That must be nice. John: It's all right. Lucy: But you have to move round from one place to another, don't

you? I mean, if you get a better job — if they make you

manager or something — it'll probably be in another

town, won't it? John: Yes, probably. Lucy: I wouldn't like that. I mean, I've got lots of friends here.

I wouldn't like to move somewhere else.

406

John: Oh, we like it. We've lived here for, what, six years now. We're ready for a change.

TOPIC: WEEKEND. PASTIME. HOLIDAYS. Text

The Woods are a busy family. Paul is a businessman and Sheila is a doctor at a busy clinic in Oxford. Their daughter, Joan, is busy too She is only 20, but she is a trainee manager at a hotel in town. The Woods have got a large, smart house near Oxford but they do not really live together. One of them is always out, and they are often all out.

Rich, the "baby of the family", now lives away from the family. He is a student in London and he lives in a small flat there. This is his first year away from home, and life in London is not always easy. So he's often at home at weekends. This weekend he's at home but he's got problems there too. He's got a suitcase full of dirty clothes and the washing machine is broken. He's hungry, too, but there is something wrong with the cooker and the electri­cian's away for the weekend. There are some cheese biscuits on the table and there's some cold soup in the fridge but that's all.

His mother and father are at a conference in New York and his sister's no help! She's got an invitation to a conference this weekend and the taxi's on its way. This is not Rich's idea of a happy weekend at home!

Conversation 1

Chris: 7^8—2 — double 5 -0.

Nick: Hello. This is Nick. Is that Chris?

Chris: Yes it is.

Nick: Do you want to come to the cinema tonight? There's a good

film at the Odeon. Chris: Er ... Well, I'm sorry, Nick, but I visit my gran on Mondays,

so I can't go to the cinema today Nick: Oh dear! Well, let's go on Thursday then. Chris: Thursday? Oh, on Thursdays I have my trumpet lesson. Nick: Oh no! Well, what do you do on Saturdays? Chris: I always play football on Saturdays. Nick: You certainly have a busy week! Chris: Yes, I'm sorry, Nick. See you, Nick: Goodbye!

Conversation 2 Simon: What's the matter? Wendy: I'm bored.

Simon: Why don't we watch television? Wendy: Oh Simon, television's boring.

407

Simon: You're right Well, let's play football then

Wendy I don't like football, Simon!

Simon: Oh! Do you like dancing?

Wendy: Yes, I do.

Simon: Well, let's go to the disco

Wendy: Simon, what time is it?

Simon: It's 4.30

Wendy: And what time does the disco open?

Simon: At 8 o'clock Well, shall we go to the ice rink?

Wendy: I can't skate, Simon.

Simon. Oh, can you ride a bicycle?

Wendy: Yes I can ... But I haven't got a bicycle.

TOPIC: SHOPPING

Text

John wanted a copy of "War and Peace", by Tolstoy, so he went to a famous bookshop in Charing Cross Road and asked for it.

The assistant looked puzzled. "You should try the foreign book department", she said. "But it's a novel, and I want it in English," John replied. "Oh, novels are on the first floor," she said.

Eventually John found the novels, and after some time he discovered a copy of "War and Peace". "I'd like to buy this, plea­se," he said to an assistant in a yellow jumper. She took it from him and gave him a receipt. "Pay at the cash desk," she said pointing towards the far corner of the shop.

John waited for ten minutes in a small queue, then he paid and the girl at the cash desk stamped his receipt and gave it back to him. He took it to the girl in the yellow jumper. She glanced at it and handed him a parcel. "Thank you," he said. "Thank you," she replied. When John got home, he opened his parcel. It contained

a book about roses.

Conversation 1

Mrs Cox: Good morning. Perhaps you can advise me...

Assistant: Yes, madam.

Mrs Cox: I'm looking for a toy ... for my nephew.

Assistant: Oh, yes ... how old is he?

Mrs Cox: He'll be nine years old on Saturday.

Assistant: Skateboards are still very popular.

Mrs Cox: Hmm, I don't want him to hurt himself.

Assistant: What about a drum set?

Mrs Cox: I don't think so. His father will be angry if I buy him

one of those. Have you got anything educational? You

see, he's a very intelligent boy. Assistant: I've got the perfect thing! A do-it-yourself computer kit!

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Conversation 2

Man: Good morning, madam. Can I help you³

Anna: Yes, please Have you got the Times?

Man: No, madam, we haven't. We —

Anna: Oh dear What about the Guardian?

Man: No, madam. We haven't got the Guardian. We don't —

Anna: Well, have you got Time Magazine?

Man: No, we haven't This isn't —

Anna: You haven't got any newspapers or magazines? Is this a

newsagent's shop or isn't it? Man: It isn't. It's a bookshop. We don't sell newspapers and we

haven't got any magazines.

UNIT 1 GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT (I)