Lesson 19.

1. Грамматика: функциональная характеристика частей речи в контексте.

2. История образования в России (Education in Russia). Чтение, перевод и обсуждение текстов по тематике.

Text: Education un Russia (Учебник: с.34-36)

1. Используя слова и выражения из текста, письменно перевести текст:

Древняя Русь играла одну из ведущих ролей в мировой истории. Письменный старославянский пришел в Россию в 9 веке. Религиозные книги начали переводить с греческого на славянский в конце 9 века. Между 10 и 13 веками уровень цивилизации в древнем российском государстве был достаточно высокий и были накоплены многочисленные культурные сокровища. Культурными и образовательными центрами были моастыри. В них находились хорошо оборудованые книжные мастерские и библиотеки, в которых хранились и переводились книги. В Дореволюционной России безграмотность была очень высока, несмотря на сеть начальных школ для бедных. Дети из обеспеченных семей учились в гимназиях и реальных училищах. Существовали и школы для знати. В лицее, в котором учился А.С. Пушкин число учеников варьировалось от 30 до 100. Главными предметами были русская литература, история, география, математика, иностранные языки. Большое внимание уделялось физическим упражнениям.

2.Ответьте на вопросы:

1. What date does the history of higher education in Russian go back to?

2. Who was initiator of Moscow University foundation?

3. Was education free after 1917?

4. At what age was school attendance compulsory?

5. Why did the changes in system of education begin in 1991?

6. What new curriculums were introduced in schools?

7. When do our student have opportunity to continue their education?

3. Подготовить краткий пересказ текста.

4. Прочитайте текст и заполните таблицу. Перескажите текст с опорой на таблицу.

Augustine betankour – the russian spaniard

When we enter the beautiful hall of the Rostov State Transport University we see two marble monuments. One of them is a statue to Augustine Betankour. It is a pity that students and teachers simply pass this monument by, knowing very little or nothing about him. As a matter of fact Augustine Betankour was a remarkable man.

Augustine A. Betankour (Augustine Hose Pedro del Carmen Domingo de Candeliaria y Molina) was born on the 1-st of February 1758 in the family of the provincial officer. But his father was a nobleman, that is why his children could have 6 names. The Betankours’ family was big: there were 5 sons and 5 daughters in it. They lived in the town of Puerto-de-la-Cruz on the Tenerife Island. All the children, including girls, got a profound education: they were taught mathematics, drawing, rigid subjects, French and English. Augustine studied at the Royal School of St. Isidor, learning algebra, geometry, higher mathematics, mechanics and physics. At the same time he took lessons of drawing in the Art Academy. As the result he made his first invention – the spinning frame – when he was 19, and at the age of 26 he became an academician in drawing.

In 1784 Betankour went to Paris to learn mechanics and hydraulics in the Paris College of Bridges and Roads and then to London – to examine the latest steam machines. After making a model of his steam machine that was then used at all French factories, Betankour became a well-known European engineer.

In 1788 Betankour was appointed the director of the Royal Cabinet of Ma-chines by the decree of the Spanish king Charles III. His duty was to collect the models and drawing of the newest machines and devices in order to enhance the mechanic equipment in Spain.

In 1801 Betankour was appointed the General inspector of roads and channels in Spain and soon he became the Head of the Transport and Communication system of that country. But the intrigues in the government and around the Spanish king forced Betankour to look for some other country where his knowledge and experience could be appreciated. To our luck Russia had become his second homeland.

The tsar Alexander I in 1807 invited Betankour to Russia. At this time he was 50. Betankour was given a very complicated task – to create a system of transportation in Russia and to train specialist who would be able to work in it.

During his «Russian period» Betankour made a lot of important inventions: he worked out a project to prevent floods in the town of Tver; he made the design of water-supply to the fountain system in Tsarskoye Selo. One of his greatest contributions into the life of Russia was a Factory of securities in St. Petersburg. Betankour made a whole infrastructure for the people, working at this factory: starting from a kindergarten and school – to working process and samples of the first Russian securities, training courses for the specialists and even an amateur theatre for the workers. Augustine Betankour worked out a process of mounting the columns of the Isaak’s Cathedral in St. Peterburg, but he did not managed to realize it. Monferan, his scholar, successfully completed the process. That is why we can see the statue to Betankour inside of the Cathedral.

Augustine Betankour made a number of other great inventions which were carried out in the towns of Russia, but the most significant contribution of this great person into Russian history was creation of the Institute of Transport Engi-neers in 1809. Then during 15 years Betankour was the Head of the Institute. He invited the best European scientists and teachers to train future Russian transport engineers.