Lesson 13

1. Части речи: наречие (степени сравнения).

2. Повторение пассивного залога (Приложение 1).

3. Из истории железнодорожного образования в России. РГУПС.

1. Степени сравнения наречий.

   1. Наречия (как и прилагательные) образовывают степени сравнения при помощи добавления суффиксов -er и –est: fast, faster, fastest.

   2. Для многосложных наречий и тех наречий, которые были образованы при помощи суффикса -ly, степени сравнения образуются при помощи слов more и most: wise – more wisely – most wisely.

   3. Степени сравнения наречий early и loudly образуются при помощи суффиксов: earlier-earliest, louder-loudest.. Степени сравнения quickly и slowly могут образовываться обоими способами: quicker/more quickly – quickest/most quickly, slower/more slowly – slowest/more slowly.

   4. Особые случаи образования степеней сравнения:

well – better – best; badly – worse – worst; much – more – most

little – less – least; far – farther/further – farthest/furthest

2. Passive Voice: выбрать правильный вариант.

№		A	B	C
1	Our University … in 1929.	founded	was founded	was found
2	The academic year … into two semesters.	is divided	divides itself	will be divided
3	Every year a student scientific conference … in many subjects.	was held	are conducted	is held
4	The students’ knowledge … in the Computer Centre.	were checked	will be checked	are checked
5	The students … to 8 departments.	are accepted	are received	are taken

3. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Подготовьте рассказ, используя следующие слова и выражения: It was founded in – был основан…; It was named (after) … - был назван в честь; It was renamed in … - был переименован в …; There were …. departments in it – в нем … факультетов.

The first public railway in Russia was constructed in 1838. The engineers were brought to Russia from Western Europe but very soon it became clear that the country needed its own specialists who knew the local working conditions. In 1842, the construction of an important railway between St. Petersburg and Moscow was started. This work progressed under very hard physical and climatic conditions. But all the engineering problems were successfully solved by the specialists from the Railway Transport Institute (or the Institute of Ways of Communi­cation, as it was called at that time) founded in St. Petersburg in 1809. This institute is the oldest of all the rail­way transport institutes in our country.

The Petersburg State Railway University is situated at 9, Moskovsky Avenue. It was founded as the Institute of the Corps of Railroad Engineers in 1809. First it was renamed the Institute of Railroad Engineers in 1924. Then it was renamed the Leningrad Institute of Railway Transport Engineers in 1930 and named after Member of the Academy V.N. Obraztsov in 1949. It received its present-day name in 1993. It was one of the first technical universities in Russia functioning as a private military-type university until 1864, with only one department until 1917. A number of transport institutes were established on the base of its departments in 1929–1931, including for the Leningrad institute of water transport engineers, the Leningrad highway institute, the Leningrad institute of civil air fleet engineers, and the Military transport academy.

Many famous scientists were among the members of the institute: N.A. Belelyubsky, B.E. Vedeneev, Y.M. Gakkel, G.O. Graftio, A.N. Krylov, S.Y. Zhuk, D.I. Zhuravsky, S.V. Kerbedz, P.P. Melnikov, D.I. Mendeleev, V.N. Obraztsov, M.B. Ostrogradsky, G.P. Peredery, and E.O. Paton. At present there are following departments: mechanics, bridges and tunnels, construction, transportation management, electromechanics, electrical engineering, economics and social management, resident and nonresident (evening) courses, and correspondence studies. The university is situated in several buildings: the first one is the former Yusupov Palace built in the mid-18th century and rebuilt by architect G. Quarenghi in 1790, the others are the buildings specially rebuilt for the university by architects A.D. Gotman in 1823 and I.S. Kitner in 1893–95.