Note to the text

Battle of Culloden – Каллоденская битва (1746 г.; разгром якобинского восстания в Шотландии)

Comprehension check

8. Answer the following questions:

1. Why is year 1603 so significant for Scotland?

2.Why do the Scottish people want independence for their country?

3.Which part of Scotland do most people of Scotland live?

9. Match the following English words and expressions with their Russian equivalents:

1) independent	a) лесоводство, лесничество
2) the Scottish	b) (шотландские) горцы
3) tartan	c) различные законы
4) the Highlanders	d) независимый
5) forestry	e) община
6) community	f) Шотландцы
7) have declined	g) шотландка (ткань)
8) kilt	h) пришло в упадок
9) have set up	i) юбка шотландского горца
10) different laws	k) открыть (предприятие, дело)

10. Complete the following text using the English words and expressions from task 9.

Some centuries ago Scotland was an ... country. It had and has now ... ... to England and its own legal and education systems. The Scottish like and proud of their traditions. Each Scottish clan has its own ... to make ..., their national dress.

A lot of Scotland’s traditional industries ... ..., but foreign companies ... ... their enterprises in the country. The original people of the North of the country ... work in ... and fishing.

*11. Translate the following text into English paying attention to the words and expressions in bold type.

Шотландия занимает северную часть острова Великобритания. Здесь свои законы, свой парламент, свои деньги, своя культура. Замки, килты, виски, волынки (bagpipes), народные танцы – это часть обычной жизни шотландцев. Население страны более 5 миллионов человек. Столица – Эдинбург. Крупные города страны – Эдинбург, Глазго, Абердин, Данди.

Такие отрасли промышленности как горная, сталелитейная, кораблестроительная пришли в упадок, но на северо-востоке страны развивается нефтегазовая промышленность. Шотландия – это страна гор, рек, озер.

12. Use information from tasks 7 – 11 to summarize the text “Scotland”.

Use the following phrases:

The text reports on ... В тексте сообщается о …

The text deals with ... Текст касается …

Much attention is given to ... Большое внимание уделяется …

It should be said (stressed) that... Следует сказать (подчеркнуть) что …

It is pointed out that ... Отмечается, что...

Summarizing, it can be pointed out (mentioned) that … Подводя итоги можно отметить (упомянуть) …

13. Read the following text and write down Russian equivalents for the expressions in bold type. Wales

1. Wales has a very strong Celtic culture. Other Celtic languages have mainly disappeared, but the Welsh language has been in daily use for centuries. It is estimated that 80 per cent of the population spoke Welsh during the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Various factors then reduced the number of Welsh speakers: many English and Irish workers moved to South Wales during the nineteenth century; people moved to the cities where less Welsh was spoken; children were punished if they spoke Welsh at school.

2. In recent years, however, there has been a revival of interest in Welsh. It is now spoken as a first language by more than 20 per cent of the population.

It is used as a first language in an increasing number of schools and it is studied as a second language in all other schools in Wales.

3. Welsh is recognized as a minority language by the EU and Wales receives money to make sure its language stays alive. There are television and radio stations with Welsh-language programmes, even soaps.

4. The Welsh have been famous for their singing for centuries. On his travels around Wales in the twelfth century, Giraldus Cambrensis wrote "in a crowd of singers ... you will hear as many melodies as you see mouths". This tradition carries on today. If you go to any Welsh rugby match, you will hear supporters singing in harmony. Male-voice choirs are found throughout Wales and many Welsh people have become famous opera singers.

5. The reputation of Wales as a centre for music attracts musicians from all over the world to its various festivals: 40 countries take part in the International Music Eisteddfod each year, while the largest music festival in Wales, the National Eisteddfod, has performers from every Celtic country, including Scotland, Ireland, France and Spain.

6. Wales has not always been a part of Great Britain. Between the ninth and the eleventh century, Wales was divided into small states. In the thirteenth century, Llewelyn ap lorwerth united the country and his son was crowned the first Prince of Wales. Welsh independence didn't last long. Later that century, the English king, Edward 1, decided to conquer Wales. The Welsh surrendered and Edward I of England gave the title of Prince of Wales to his own heir, Edward II. Since then the eldest son of the English king or queen has always been given the title "The Prince of Wales" and this is why Wales is called "Principality".

7. Wales is famous for its castles. They were built by the Romans and the English to dominate the Welsh. There are so many of these medieval castles that they stretch like an iron chain across Wales. Perhaps the most impressive castle in Wales is Caerphilly. This immense fortress dating from 1268 is one of the greatest surviving castles of the medieval western world.

8. Many people go to Wales on holiday. It is famous for its mountains, which stretch from North to South Wales, its beautiful valleys and its national parks. You can go canal boating on the beautiful Llangollen Canal in the North; pony-trekking in the Snowdonia National Park; canoeing in the fast-flowing rivers and hiking in the hills. Most of its coastline is protected and has not been spoilt by tourism or industry.

Comprehension check

14. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text “Wales”. Correct the false statement. For example:

1. Wales has a strong Celtic culture. – True. Wales has a very strong Celtic culture.

2. The Welsh language is a world language. – False. The Welsh language is spoken in Wales. It is recognized as a minority language by the European Union.

1. The Welsh language is Celtic language.

2. The Welsh language is not studied at school.

3. Wales is famous for its musical festivals.

4. Wales has always been a part of Great Britain.

5. Wales is mostly mountainous country.

6. There are a lot of castles in this country.

15. Complete this passage using the words and expressions from the box.

total area, is divided, occupation, coal-mining, iron and steel, engineering, capital

Wales is a small country. Its ... ... is 8,006 square miles. Its .. is 2.8 mln. people. Wales is called ... . Country ... ... into thirteen counties. Agriculture is the main ... in Mid-Wales and North-Wales. The main industries in the country are ..., ... ..., ... . The ... of Wales is Cardiff.

16. Which parts of the text “Wales” correspond to the following headings? Put them into a logical order.

1. The Prince of Wales.

2. Wales is a centre of music.

3. Attraction land of tourists.

4. The Welsh language.

17. Use the structural pattern built in task 16, add 1 – 3 sentences to illustrate each heading. Use the following phrases:

It is reported that …

Much attention is given to ...

It should be said (stressed) that ...

It is pointed out that ...

It is interesting/important/necessary to note/consider …

18. Read the text “Northern Ireland” and translate the sentences given in bold type in writing.