7. Answer the following questions:

1. How can you explain a saying “The Englishman’s home is his castle”?

2. How do the Englishmen spend their leisure time?

3. What reputation has the English people in the world?

8. Match the following English words and expressions with their Russians equivalents:

1) easy-going	a) преданность
2) stay-at-home	b) повседневные дела, занятия
3) familiar things	c) добродушный, беспечный
4) sense for privacy	d) быть защищенным законом
5) devotion	e) домосед(ка)
6) to be protected by law	f) чувство уединения
7) pursuits	g) хорошо знакомые вещи

9. Make an outline of the text you have read.

10. Use the outline to summarize the text.

It’s interesting to know

England has retained almost none of its national songs. The English sitting with their friends over a drink in the pub sing either the traditional songs of Scotland or American songs.

11. Read the following text and write down Russian equivalents for the words and expressions in bold type. The Welsh

1. There is no other part of the British Isles where national spirit is stronger, national pride more intense or national traditions more cherished than in Wales. The Welsh still proudly wear their national dress on festive occasions; the Welsh language is taught side by side with English in schools; Welshmen have a highly developed artistic sense.

2. Welsh really began with the Anglo-Saxon victories in the sixth and seventh centuries which isolated the Welsh from the rest of their fellow-Brit­ons. Then came the Normans who penetrated into the south of the country and established many strongholds, in spite of strong resistance organized by the Welsh. Eventually, however, the subjection of the people was completed by Edward I, who built many castles and made his son, afterwards Edward II, the first Prince of Wales.

3. The population of Wales amounts to about three million. The Welsh language is a Celtic branch of the Indo-European languages and some roots are common with them. The Welsh call their country Cymru, and they call themselves Cymry, a word which has the same root as «camrador» (friend or comrade).

4. Have you noticed the number of Welsh place-names that begin with "Llan" - Llanbers, Llandudno, Llangollen, Llanfair? There are hundreds of them in Wales. In the dark days of the early Saxon occupation of England, Christianity still lived on among the Welsh and the first Celtic saints went from place to place teaching the Christian faith, preaching, organizing little groups of believers, and starting centers of worship. These centres were called "llans" (the word is generally translated "church"), for example, LIandewi was the llan of St. Ddewi (David). Llanfair was the llan of Fair (Mary).

5. Welsh family names are very often Jones, Williams, Morgan, Evans, and Owen. That is why Welsh people in villages often call people by their jobs together with their family names. Then everybody knows which Jones or which Williams they are speaking about. You can understand what Jones the Meat, Williams the Bread and Morgan the Fish do. Many other names come from the tradition of calling "son of" his father using the Welsh word "ap" (or "ab"). This "p" can be found at the beginning of many common Welsh names. For example, Gary Pritchard, which is the same as the English Richardson.

6. Welsh living in England are often called by the nickname "Taffy". This may come from the River Taff, which runs through the capital Cardiff or it may come from "Daffydd", the Welsh form of "David".

7. The Welsh wear the same clothes as the English. But on holidays a Welsh woman wears a red cloak, a long black skirt, an apron and a high black hat on her head. The men do not have a national costume. They smile, "We have no money after we have bought clothes for our wives!"

8. The Welsh are known in Great Britain for their singing. Welsh people like singing together. Every village has more than one choir. They sing in competitions, on holidays and every time they want to sing. Welshmen sing louder than anybody. They sing very loudly when they are going to a football match in a bus, and they sing in the stadium, of course.

9. Welsh people are very proud of their national language and culture. They are very proud of Wales, too.

Comprehension check

12. Answer the following questions:

1. How do the Welsh people call their country?

2. What is the meaning of the word “Llan”?

3. What branch of the Indo-European languages does the Welsh language belong to?

4. Why do villagers in Wales call people by their job?

5. What is the traditional Welsh dress?

13. Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text “The Welsh”. Correct the false statement.

1. The Welsh are proud of their country.

2. The Welsh Speak only English.

3. In villages Welsh people often call people by their job.

4. “Taffy” is a nickname of Welshman.

5. Welsh men and women wear their national dresses on holidays.

6. Welsh are excellent dancers.

14. Which parts of the text “The Welsh” correspond to the following headings? Put them into logical order.

1. The way of life of the Celtic tribes.

2. The Celts religion

3. The first mentioning of the British Isles and its inhabitants.

4. The invasion of Britain by the Celts.

15. Use the structural pattern built in task 14, add 1 – 3 sentences to illustrate each heading.

16. Read the following text and write down Russian equivalents for the sentences in bold type.