The Kazakhstan in the period of socialist reforms 1964-1954.

1. Kazakhstan during the "Khrushchev decade" (1953-1964).

The course on agricultural reform (September (1953) Plenum of the Central Committee and its decisions (increase in purchase prices for agricultural products, reduction of agricultural taxes). XX Congress of the CPSU (1956.) And a formal denunciation of Stalin's personality cult while maintaining the de facto basic principles of Stalinism. Top of liberalization of political life. Work on the rehabilitation of the innocent victims of political repression and deported peoples.

Reform in the management of the economy (economic councils as a principle of territorial-production management of the economy). Virgin and fallow lands in Kazakhstan (1954) as a continuation of the course on the economy extensification. Results and contradictions virgin soil, the economic, environmental and socio-demographic effects. Renaming Akmolinsk Tselinograd.

The development of industry and transport. Formation of town-forming enterprises and new towns. Construction of "Baikonur". Development of the processes of urbanization. Khrushchev's social illusion and utopia, the rule of arbitrariness and subjectivity. Increased migration flows from the European part of USSR in Kazakhstan. Changes in the size and composition of the population. Positive changes in welfare (housing and public construction, increasing the production of consumer goods and the expansion of their range, etc.). "Thaw" in political life. The development of science and culture of the country.

The Kazakhstan during the crisis years of the socialist system

1. Kazakhstan during the growing crisis of the Soviet economic and socio-political system (1964 - 1985.)

The relative weakening of ideological pressure in the era of "developed socialism" awakening of national consciousness of Soviet ethnic groups, dissident. The first secretary of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan Dinmuhammed Kunayev (1964-1986). The successes of Soviet Kazakhstan and the positive trends in science, education, culture and art. Creation of a new generation of Kazakh writers, poets, musicians: O. Suleimenov, A. Alimzhanova, M. Shakhanova, M. Magauin, A. Kekilbayev, S. Kaldajakova. The value of their work in preparing the national-cultural renaissance.

The growth defects of the administrative-command system. Saving super-centralized economy and the extensive nature of its development. Failures in reforming the economy. Further bureaucratization of social management areas. The growing role of Kazakhstan in the economic complex of the Union. The change in the social and demographic structure of population. Exacerbation of environmental problems, the national question. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan (1979) and participation in the Afghan war in Kazakhstan. The stagnation of the level and quality of life. The problem of shortages of goods.

2. The policy of "perestroika" in Kazakhstan (1985-1991).

The April Plenum and politics, M.S. Gorbachev's "perestroika". The main stages of "perestroika" and their characteristics. The inability of the administrative-command system to reform: the growth of a systemic crisis. The collapse of the illusions about the possibility of democratization of social relations in a socialist system.

Attempts to create informal associations, from environmental and national-cultural movements for the first socio-political associations. Exacerbation of the systemic crisis on the eve of the collapse of the USSR. Exposure of the insolvency of the Soviet economic and socio-political model of development and self-determination of peoples.