Текст №2

Types of Banks

1) Central banks supervise the banking system; fix the minimum Interest rate; issue bank notes; control the money supply; influence exchange rates; and act as a lender of last resort.

2) Commercial banks are businesses that trade in money. They receive and hold deposits in current and savings accounts; pay money according to customers' instructions, lend money, and offer investment advice, foreign exchange facilities, and so on. In some countries such as England these banks have branches in all major towns; in other countries there are smaller regional banks. Under American law, for example, banks can operate in only one state. Some countries have banks that were originally confined to a single industry, e.g. the Credit Agricole in prance, but these now usually have a far wider customer base.

3) In some European countries, notably Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, there are universal banks, which combine deposit and loan banking with share and bond dealing, investment advice, etc. Yet even universal banks usually form a subsidiary, known as a finance house, to lend money - at several per cent over the base lending rate - for hire purchase or installment credit, that is, loans to customers that are repaid in regular, equal monthly amounts.

4) In Britain, the USA and Japan, however, there is a strict separation between commercial banks and banks that do stockbroking or bond dealing. Thus in Britain, merchant banks specialise in raising funds for industry on the various financial markets, financing international trade, issuing and underwriting securities, dealing with takeovers and mergers, issuing government bonds, and so on. They also offer stockbroking and portfolio of management services to reach corporate and individual clients. Investment banks in the USA are similar, but they can only act as intermediaries offering advisory services, and do not offer loans themselves.

5) In Britain there are also building societies that provide mortgages, i.e. they lend money, to home buyers on the security of houses and flats; and attract savers by paying higher interest than the banks. The savings and loans associations in the United States served a similar function, until most of them went spectacularly bankrupt at the end of the 1980s.

6) There are also supranational banks such as the World Bank or the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which are generally concerned with economic development.

I в тексте приведены наиболее важные разновидности банков. Каждый тип имеет свои отличительные черты. Прочитайте текст и сопоставьте характеристику банка с его названием.

Например:

1-В

1) building societies	строительные общества
2) investment banks	инвестиционные банки
3) central banks	центральные банки
4) supranational banks	всемирные банки
5) commercial banks	коммерческие банки
6) universal banks	универсальные банки
7) merchant banks	торговые банки
8) finance house	финансовый дом

А. Банк, который сочетает операции с банковскими вкладами и ссудами с операциями с акциями и облигациями.

Б. Банк, который специализируется на операциях с деньгами; получает и хранит вклады на текущем и сберегательном счетах, ссужает деньги и т.д.

В. Банк, который предоставляет ссуды под залог, привлекает вкладчиков, выплачивая более высокий процент, чем другие банки.

Г. Банк, который специализируется на мобилизации средств для промышленности, осуществляющий обеспечение ценных бумаг для корпораций; ведает вопросами слияния и поглощения банков.

Д. Банк, который выпускает банкноты и контролирует денежное обращение страны.

Е. Банк, который выступает как посредник, предоставляя консультации по вопросам собственности, но не дающий ссуды.

Ж. Банк, который ссужает деньги для покупки в рассрочку или кредит.

З. Банк, который занимается, в основном, вопросами экономического развития.