Топик По Английскому Языку (Терехина О. В.)

Offset printing press. Offset printing is a convention method of printing. Plate came on the plate cylinder. Dampening units where dampening solution is used to separate the printing and non-printing areas. Printing areas are oleophilic and hydrophobic often inking unit, ink it hears printing areas. Plate transfer on the blanket cylinder, rolls over the circumference of the impression cylinder on which the sheet of paper is held by grippers. The contact line between blanket cylinder and impression cylinder is called the printing nip. Press and circumferences speed is the same. Offset printing is used for the printing matter at the big circulations.

Letterpress. Flexography. Letterpress is old printing. But it seldom use. Flexography is a convection printing method. It belongs to letterpress pr. technology. Printing elements are high then non-printing areas. There are 3 types’ machines: central imres. cylinder, inline, stack-time. Printing plate can be flate or cylinder form. Printing press consists of plate cylinder, impression cylinder, anilox roller, inking unit. Ink covers is surface doctor blade remove the exes of inks, comes the contact printed form elements. Moneyed on plate cylinder and from it to the printed material.

Gravure printing. Gravure printing is a very old printing process. Gravure printing press consists of impression cylinder, gravure cylinder, blade and ink fountain. On gapless gravure cylinder graining indenting elements. Impression cylinder must be sufficiently stable and as small as possible in its diameter to assure a narrow printing nip. In gravure printing the ink must be applied into engraved cells of the gravure cylinder surface. Doctor blade is referred to as the soul of gravure printing , its design is of immense importance. Gravure printing is used for the printing packaging candy, soup packets, coffee, cheese, plastic bags and different products.

Screen printing. Screen printing is one most versatile process for transferring ink and technical coatings. Its application ranges from artistic applications to the large-scale industrial sector from single-item production to long print runs. Screen printing is a push-through process, a special type of stencil printing. The ink is first spread over the plate by a squeegee as evenly as possible and with virtually no pressure. This takes without contact between screen and substrate. This flooding produces a cleaning of the ink residues remaining in and on the plate from the preceding printing process. Stencil printing has one general disadvantage that restricts its use, namely that all parts of the parts of the stencil must be connected to each other. Printing can be done on paper, textiles, ceramics and plastics.

Post press Finishing. The following products are produced in the finishing sector: Individual sheets, folded sheets, newspapers, booklets, brochures, hard covers, packing material. The following operations are carried out in the process section. 1. Cutting and die-cutting. The main applications are: paper cutting, cutting webs, trimming, cutting case material to size.2.Folding. There are two types of folding machines: the buck’s fold principle, the knife fold principle. 3. Forwarding. The forwarding process is generally followed by gathering into blocks partial products. 4. Assembling into books. 5. Blocks biding.6.Trimning. 7. Edge treatments on books and brochures.8. Case making.9.Book finishing. The book finishing cantaing the assembly of partial products, which have been produced separately from one another; into the enol product. 10. Packinging. Packages have three basic functions to fulfile:-protective function,-logistics function,-information function.

Digital printing Electro photography printing process can be broken down into 5 steps: Imaging, Inking, Toner transfer, fixing the toner, Cleaning. 1) Imaging is carried out by charging a suitable photoconductive surface with subsequent imaging. 2) Inking is done via system which travisfer the fine toner particles without contact the photoconductor drum. 3) Toner transfer takes place directly from the photoconductor drum to the substrate. 4) Fixing unit is required to a chore the particles of toner on the paper and create a stable print image. 5) Cleaning. The photoconductor drum is now charged again with a homogeneous charged image via the corona.