Lexical-Syntactical Devices

Climax (gradation)

1. I was well-inclined to see him, I liked him when I did see him and I admire him now.

2. No tree, no shrub, no blade of grass, not a bird or beast, not even a fish that was not owned!

3. “Not a word, Sam – not a syllable!”

Antithesis – the balancing and contrasting of two words, phrases, or ideas by placing them side by side

1. Mrs. Nork had a large home and a small husband.

2. Don`t use big words. They mean so little.

3. In marriage the upkeep of woman is often the down-fall of man.

Litotes understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of the contrary

1. She was not unhappy.

2. He did it not without difficulty.

3. The ice cream was not too bad.

4. A million dollars is not a little amount.

5. She is not unlike her mother.

Simile is a figure of speech that directly compares two things through the explicit use of connecting words (such as like, as, so, than, or various verbs such as resemble)

1. She was beautiful like a flower.

2. She has always been as live as a bird.

3. He wore a grey double-breasted waistcoat, and his eyes gleamed like raisins.

Periphrasis the use of an unnecessarily long or roundabout form of expression

1. the opposite sex

2. I was earning barely enough money to keep body and soul together.

3. He ran out of the bathroom in his birthday suit not knowing that Helen was already waiting for him in the living room.

Represented speech serves to show either the mental reproduction оf а once uttered remark, or the character's thinking

Rosita sniffed and … in her well-bottom voice declared that yes, it was better that they stay out of the sun, as it seemed to be affecting Ottilie`s head.

Phonetic Expressive means:

Alliteration is the repetition of the same sound in a series of words.

for the greater good of ... (1)

safety and security (1)

share a continent but not a country (2)

A neat knot need not be re-knotted.

Onomatopoeia is a word that phonetically imitates, resembles or suggests the source of the sound that it describes.

1. Puff, the train came into the station.

2. “Sh – sh!” – “But I am whispering.” This continual shushing annoyed him.

Graphon – indicates irregularities or carelessness of pronunciation, supplies information about the speaker’s origin, social and educational background, physical or emotional condition.

1. It ain`t the roads we take …

2. «Vy didn’t you say so before. For all I knowed, he vas one o’ regular threepennies…If he’s anything of a gen’lm’n, he’s vorth a shillin’ a day».

Graphical stylistic devices

Capitalization

"How DISGUSTING!"

Hyphenation - He was like a chim-pan-zee.

Italics

Bold type

Emphatic use of punctuation