Developing Professional Language Competencies

1. Study the Key Terms and Common Collocations section. Read Text C and define its main idea.

2. Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and phrases:

1. строгое соблюдение принципов –

2. бросать прямой вызов чему-л. -

3. основанный на достоинствах, заслугах -

4. преобладать, господствовать -

5. управление, основанное на результатах деятельности -

6. правительственный аппарат -

7. политическое руководство -

8. имевшие место прецеденты -

9. предоставлять общественные блага -

10. установленный порядок действий -

3. Explain the meaning of the expressions from Text C in English, and then translate the expressions into Russian.

1. a major reform movement –

2. merit-based public service -

3. serving the public … was a high calling -

4. a strictly hierarchical model of bureaucracy -

5. permanent, neutral and anonymous officials -

6. motivated … by the public interest -

7. a flexible, market-based form of public management -

8. poor performance of public bureaucracies -

9. daily annoyances of irksome restrictions -

10. cumbrous red tape -

11. disruption to standard operating procedures -

12. politics/administration dichotomy [daI`kPtqmI] -

4. Answer the questions in detail referring to the text.

1. What was the beginning of public administration like?

2. Why is the traditional model of public administration being replaced now?

3. What are the seven fundamental principles of traditional public administration?

4. How and why have these principles been challenged?

5. What changes in organizational culture were brought about by the economic problems of the 1980s?

5. Translate the definition of the traditional model of public administration given in the text into Russian in writing.

6. Complete the sentences with the correct English terms from the box below. Translate the sentences into Russian.

Policy policies deliver delivery administration administer regulation regulate

1. The government must evolve new _______________to reduce unemployment.

2. The college loses a lot of money through poor _____________________.

3. There have been complaints about a lack of direction in domestic _______________.

4. The Navajo _______________ their own territory within the United States.

5. Good government can _________________ a high level of services while maintaining a fiscal discipline.

6. The proposal seeks to change the way the airline industry is __________________.

7. The government followed a ________________ of restraint in public spending.

8. They made all kinds of promises before the election, but have since failed to ____________________ the goods.

9. Some argue that government control of the economy must include an effective incomes ___________________.

10. The government has promised stricter _____________________ of the stock market.

11. The cuts will inevitably impact on service ______________________.

12. On September 27 a new coalition ____________________ was formed.

13. The government may find itself unable to _________________ on tax cuts.

14. The legislation was to be centrally ____________________ by the Board of Education.

15. There are too many rules and ________________ governing small businesses.

7. Translate into Russian the part of the text describing the 7 fundamental principles of traditional public administration and their criticism.

8. Summarize text C in 50-60 words.

9. Study the meanings of these often confused verbs and their derivatives. Fill in the blanks in the sentences with the correct words.

‘to adapt’ versus ‘to adopt’

to adapt – 1) to change your ideas or behavior so that you can deal with a new situation;

2) to change something to make it more suitable for a new use or situation;

3) to change a book or play so that it can be made into a film, TV program, etc.

adaptable – adaptable people can change their behavior or ideas easily in order to deal with new situations; adaptable things can be used in different situations or for different purposes.

adaptation (or adaption) – 1) a book or play that has been made into a TV film, program etc; 2) the process of changing something so that it can be used for a different purpose;

3) the qualities that make it possible for plants and animals to deal with their environment.

adopt – 1) to decide to start using a particular idea, plan, or method; to formally accept a proposal, usually by voting; to start using a particular way of speaking, thinking, or behaving that is not the one you usually use; 2) to take someone else’s child into your family and legally make him or her your own child; 3) to choose a country to live in as your home; 4) Br E to choose someone to represent your political party in an election.

adoption – 1) the process of making a child legally part of your family (adoptive parents); 2) the decision to use or accept a particular idea, method, law, or attitude; 3) Br E the choice of someone to represent a political party in an election.

1. For many childless couples, …………………………. is the best solution.

2. The television …....................................... of the stage play was very successful.

3. Courses can be ………………………………… to suit the needs of an individual.

4. The vehicles are large and not easily ………………………………… to new uses.

5. The process of …………………………… to a new school is difficult for some children.

6. The child has now been legally ……………………………. .

7. The policy has not yet been formally ……………………………...

8. The company can easily ………………………………… to changing demand.

9. He specializes in screen …...................................................... of classic novels.

10. We will encourage a wider ………………………… of this strategy for pollution control.

11. Parliament unanimously ………………………………. the committee’s proposals.

12. We need to assess the new situation and …………………………….. accordingly.

13. He decided to …………………………… a more radical approach to the problem.

14. A lot of companies have found it hard to ……………………………... to the new system.

15. The children have …………………………………. well to the heat.

16. Kelly was ……………………………….. as the candidate for Bolton West.

17. Many old market buildings have proved highly …………………………………..

18. The committee recommended the ……………………………... of new safety procedures.

19. We need ……………………………………. workers who are willing to learn new skills.

20. Most students have little difficulty ………………………………….. to college life.

21. They specialize in the …………………………………. of old buildings for housing.

22. She has ……………………………… Japan as her home.

23. The company was accused of being slow to …………………………….. .

24. Many countries have ………………….. quite rigorous processes for review of functions.

10. Translate the following sentences into English in writing.

1. Увеличение налогов не может оставаться единственным инструментом фискальной политики.

2. Эти реформы позволят нам более эффективно предоставлять услуги в области здравоохранения.

3. Для соблюдения правил пожарной безопасности должны быть установлены детекторы дыма.

4. Приходившие на смену прежним правительства игнорировали эту проблему.

5. Существуют строгие правила, регулирующие использование химических веществ в продуктах питания.

6. Муниципальные советы (local councils) несут ответственность за предоставление большинства основных услуг.

7. Доложите об инциденте местному правительственному чиновнику.

8. С помощью бюрократической системы правительство стало прямым поставщиком общественных благ.

9. Общественность требует улучшения механизмов отчётности правительства.

10. Считалось, что мотивацией государственных служащих должен быть именно общественный интерес.