Developing Professional Language Competencies

1. Find in Text D words or phrases that mean:

1. концентрация власти –

2. пользоваться огромным успехом –

3. нести ответственность за что-л. –

4. ограничение свободы –

5. где процветает коррупция –

6. назначение на должность на основании заслуг –

7. профессиональный государственный служащий –

8. уклонение от ответственности –

9. направлять в другую сторону государственные средства –

10. неправомерное использование политической воли –

2. Explain the meaning of or paraphrase the underlined words and sentences in Text D.

3. Give Russian equivalents of the following words and expressions from the text:

1. theoretical pillars –

2. extent of authority –

3. narrowly focused –

4. reasonably efficient and effective –

5. unspectacular –

6. compulsion –

7. be a great improvement on –

8. every conceivable contingency –

4. Translate the last two paragraphs of Text D into Russian in writing.

5. Answer the questions in detail referring to the text.

1. What are the good points of the traditional model of administration?

2. Why can the traditional model be now regarded as obsolescent if not obsolete?

3. What are the basic paradigms for public sector management?

6. Define the main idea of each paragraph of Text D (2-3 sentences) and make an outline of the text in writing.

7. Complete the sentences with the appropriate English terms and word collocations.

(Государственные служащие) ______________________ also have an important managerial role, something more important than merely (ведение дел) ______________________ or following instructions.

The separation between (политика и управление государством) ________________________________ was designed to counter the spoils system, then still (процветающий) __________________ in the United States.

Weber regarded (бюрократия) __________________________ as the highest form of organization, but it is also criticized for producing inertia, lack of enterprise, (волокита/канцелярщина) ______________________, mediocrity and (неэффективность) _____________________, all diseases thought to be endemic in (государственный сектор) _________________________ bodies.

Ostrom advocates following the theory of (общественные блага) ___________________________ , which leads to a much reduced role for the (государственный сектор) ____________________________.

The argument that individual (чиновники) ____________________ work for themselves, instead of the (государственный интерес) _______________________, cannot be totally discounted.

8. Fill the gaps in this except with the correct articles where necessary (a, the, --).

By 1)_____ beginning of 2) _____ 1990s, 3)_____ new model of public sector management had emerged in 4)_____ most advanced countries and 5)_____ many developing ones. Initially, 6)_____ new model had 7)_____ several names, including: ‘managerialism’, ‘new public management’, market-based public administration’ or ‘entrepreneurial government’. Despite 8)_____ differing names, they all essentially describe 9)_____ same phenomenon. 10)_____ L/literature has more or less settled on new public management, often abbreviated to 11)_____ NPM, 12)_____ term coined by Hood, 13)_____ persistent critic. Ten years on perhaps 14)_____ time has come to question at what point 15)_____ ‘new’ should be dropped from 16)_____ title.

9. Translate the passage into Russian in writing.

The inadequacies of this kind of government management became apparent in the 1970s and 1980s. Hierarchical structures are not necessarily the most efficient of organizations if comparing outputs with inputs. Bureaucracy may be ideal for control but not necessarily for management; it allows for certainty but is usually slow in moving; work may be standardized, but at the cost of innovation. Also, the model of political control was always problematic in assuring genuine accountability.

From the 1970s, the public service encountered increasing criticism in most developed countries. There were four main problems. First, the model of political control was inadequate and illogical. Secondly, one-best-way thinking was problematic. Thirdly, the theory of bureaucracy is no longer universally seen as providing the technical efficiency Weber thought it provided, and also tends to be undemocratic. Fourthly, there was criticism from the Right of the whole idea of bureaucracy as something that took away freedom and was inefficient compared to the market.