VII. Проанализируйте специфику библейского языка на основе представленных параллельных текстов.
ОТ МАТФЕЯ 6
7 Молясь же, не разглагольствуйте как язычники; ибо они думают, что в многословии своем будут услышаны.
8 Итак не уподобляйтесь им; ибо знает Отец ваш, в чем вы имеете нужду, прежде чем попросите у Него.
9 Вы же молитесь так:
Отче наш, Который на небесах!
Да святится имя Твое.
Да придет Царство Твое.
Да будет воля Твоя и на земле, как на небе.
Хлеб наш насущный дай нам сегодня.
И прости нам долги наши, как и мы простили должникам нашим.
И не введи нас во искушение. Но избавь нас от лукавого.
Ибо Твое есть Царство и сила и слава во веки.
Аминь.
Ибо если вы простите людям согрешения их, простит и вам Отец ваш Небесный;
если же вы не простите людям согрешений их, то и Отец ваш не простит согрешений ваших.
MATTHEW 6
7 “And when you are praying, do not use meaningless repetition, as the Gentiles do, for they suppose that they will be heard for their many words.
8 “Therefore do not be like them; for your Father knows what you need, before you ask Him.
9 “Pray, then, in this way:
‘Our Father who art in heaven, Hallowed be Thy name.
10 “Thy kingdom come.
Thy will be done,
On earth as it is in heaven.
11 ‘Give us this day our daily bread.
12 ‘And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors.
13 ‘And do not lead us into temptation, but deliver us from evil.
[For Thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever. Amen.]’
14 “For if you forgive men for their transgressions, your heavenly Father will also forgive you.
15 “But if you do not forgive men, then your Father will not forgive your transgressions.
VIII. Переведите фрагмент из Евангелия от Иоанна с английского на русский язык.
John 15
3 “You are already clean because of the word which I have spoken to you.
4. “Abide in Me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, unless it abides in the vine, so neither can you, unless you abide in Me.
5 “I am the vine, you are the branches; he who abides in Me, and I in him, he bears much fruit; for apart from Me you can do nothing.
6 “If anyone does not abide in Me, he is thrown away as a branch, and dries up; and they gather them, and cast them into the fire, and they are burned.
7 “If you abide in Me, and My words abide in you, ask whatever you wish, and it shall be done for you.
8 “By this is My Father glorified, that you bear much fruit, and so prove to be My disciples.
9. “Just as the Father has loved Me, I have also loved you; abide in My love.
10. “If you keep My commandments, you will abide in My love; just as I have kept My Father’s commandments, and abide in His love.
11. “These things I have spoken to you, that My joy may be in you, and that your joy may be made full.
12. “This is My commandment, that you love one another, just as I have loved you.
13. “Greater love has no one than this, that one lay down his life for his friends.
14. “You are My friends, if you do what I command you.
ОБЗОРНЫЕ УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Переведите следующие тексты, применяя известные вам приемы. Обоснуйте выбор.
I. THE COMPANIES ACTS 1963 TO 1990
COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES
MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION
OF
PIERCE LIMITED
1. The name of the company is PIERCE LIMITED
The objects for which the Company is established are:
(A) To carry on the business of importers, exporters, factors, mail order dealers, brokers and dealers both wholesale and retail, engaged primarily in the import sales, repair and distribution of liquidated stock and the purchasing, resale, rent and leasing of new and second hand machinery and liquidated stock and merchandise of every description, industrial plant and machinery, electronic equipment, ironmongery, metal goods, plastic goods, mechanically propelled vehicles and vessels of every description, chemicals, drugs, foodstuffs, textiles, leather clothing and wearing attire, fancy goods, farm produce, grain, animal seed, agricultural and horticultural machinery, furniture, carpets, pictures, jewellery, watches, clocks, microscopes, binoculars, telescopes, cameras, rubbers, gutta percha, latex, vulcanite and goods manufactured either wholly or partly from any of these substances and generally all articles of commercial, manufacturing, регsonal and household use and consumption, ornament, recreation and amusement.
(A)(i) To carry on business and to act as merchants, traders, commission agents, ship-owners, carriers or in any other capacity in Ireland or elsewhere and to import, export, buy, sell, barter, exchange, pledge, make advances upon, or otherwise deal in goods, produce, articles and merchandise; to establish or acquire and carry on offices, trading stations, factories, stores, and depots in Ireland or elsewhere and to purchase, lease, or otherwise acquire, carry on, develop and improve any business or real or personal property in Ireland or elsewhere, or any undivided or other interest whatsoever therein respectively.
(A)(ii)To acquire and hold shares, stocks, debentures stock, bonds, obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by any company constituted or carrying on business in Ireland or elsewhere, or possession thereof, or in any foreign country, and debentures, debenture stock, bonds, obligations and securities issued or guaranteed by government, sovereign ruler, commissioners, public body or authority, (whether supreme, municipal, local or otherwise) and whether at home or abroad; to acquire any such shares, stocks, debenture stock, bonds, obligations or otherwise and to subscribe for the same either conditionally or otherwise and to guarantee the subscription thereof, and to exercise all rights and powers conferred by or incidental to the ownership thereof.
(A)(iii)To provide representative, consulting, technical, advisory, professional, accounting, book-keeping financial and other services of any kind whatsoever to any person or persons’ legally or naturally engaged in any business or activity in any part of the world and to carry on the businesses of management, personnel and business consultants and advisers; corporate financial advisers; to market products of companies under agreements for fees and commissions and to provide management to other companies for fees and profit sharing and to employ, train and exploit the services of directors, executives, staff and personnel of all kinds, to act as advisers and consultants in trade development, efficiency, technique, business, office and works management studies, motor vehicle, ownership, public and personnel advertising, marketing, sales promotion and product design in relation to all types of commercial and manufacturing undertakings and technical, economic and financial matters effecting commerce and industry and to perform all duties of a secretarial nature; to carry on business as business system organizers, business transfer agents and contractors, hire purchase, financiers and consultants, manufacturers, designers, repairers and dealers in stationery, office equipment, machinery appliances, materials and supplies of every description.
(В) То mortgage and charge the undertaking and all or any of the real and personal property and assets. present or future, and all or any of the uncalled capital for the time being of the Company, and to issue at par or at a premium or discount, and for such consideration and with and subject to such rights, powers, privileges and conditions as may be thought fit, debentures or debenture stock, either permanent or either permanent or redeemable or repayable, and collaterally or further to secure any securities of the Company by a trust deed or other assurance.
(С) То issue and deposit any securities which the Company has power to issue by way of mortgage to secure any sum less than the nominal amount of such securities, and also by way of security for the performance of any contracts or any obligations of the Company or of its customers or other persons or corporations having dealings with the Company, or in whose business or undertakings the Company is interested, whether directly or indirectly.
(D) To receive money on loan upon such terms as the Company may approve, and to guarantee the obligations and contracts of any person or corporation.
(Е) То make advances to customers and others with or without security, and upon such terms as the Company may approve.
(F) To grant pensions, allowances, gratuities and bonuses to officers, ex-officers, employees of the Company or its predecessors in business or the dependents or connections of such persons, to establish and maintain or concur in establishing and maintaining trusts, funds or schemes (whether contributory or non-contributory) with a view to providing pensions or other benefits for any such persons as aforesaid, their dependents or connections, and to support or subscribe to any charitable funds or institutions, the support of which may, in the opinion of the Directors, be calculated directly or indirectly to benefit the Company or its employees, and to institute or maintain any club or other establishment or profit sharing scheme calculated to advance the interests of the Company or its officers or employees.
(G) To draw, make, accept, endorse, negotiate, discount and execute promissory notes, bills of exchange and other negotiable instruments.
(H) To invest and deal with the moneys of the Company not immediately required for the purposes of its business in or upon such investments or securities and in such manner as may from time to time be determined.
(I) To pay for any property or rights acquired by the Company, either in cash or fully or partly paid-up shares, with or without preferred or deferred or special rights or restrictions in respect of dividend, repayment of capital, voting or otherwise, or any securities which the Company has power to issue, or partly in one mode and partly in another, and generally of such terms as the Company may determine.
(J) To accept payment for any property or rights sold or otherwise disposed of or dealt with by the Company either in cash, by installments or otherwise, or in fully or partly paid-up shares of any company or corporation, with or without deferred or preferred or special rights or restrictions in respect of dividend, repayment of capital, voting or otherwise, or in debentures or mortgage debentures or debenture stock, mortgages or other securities of any company or corporation, or partly in one mode and partly in another, and generally on such terms as the company may determine, and to hold, dispose of or otherwise deal with any shares, stock or securities so acquired.
(К) То enter into any partnership or joint-purse arrangement or arrangement for sharing profits, union of interest or co-operation with any company, (firm or person carrying on or proposing to carry on any business within the objects of this Company and to acquire and hold, sell, deal with or dispose of shares, stock or securities of any such company and to guarantee the contracts or liabilities of, or the payment of the dividends, interest or capital of any shares, stock or securities of and to subsidize or otherwise assist any such company.
(L) To establish, promote or concur in establishing or promoting any other company whose objects shall include the acquisition and taking over of all or any of the assets and liabilities of this Company or the promotion of which shall be in any manner calculated to advance directly or indirectly the objects or interests of this Company and to acquire and hold or dispose of shares, stock or securities of and guarantee the payment of the dividends, interest or capital of any share, stock or securities issued by or any other obligations of such company.
(M) To purchase or otherwise acquire and undertake all or any part of the business, property, assets, liabilities and transactions of any person, firm or company carrying on any business which this Company is authorized to carry on.
(N) To sell, improve, manage, develop, turn to account, exchange, let on rent, royalty, share profits or otherwise, grant licences, easements and other rights in or over, and in any other manner deal with or dispose of the undertaking and all or any of the property and assets for the time being of the Company for such consideration as the Company may think fit.
(O) To amalgamate with any other company whose objects are to include objects similar to those of this Company, whether by sale or purchase (for fully or partly paid-up shares or otherwise) of the undertaking subject to the liabilities of this or any such other company as aforesaid with or without winding up, or by sale or purchase (for fully or partly paid-up shares or otherwise) of all or a controlling interest in the shares or stock of this or any such company as aforesaid, or by partnership, or any arrangement of the nature of partnership, or any other manner.
(P) To distribute among the members in specie any property of the Company, or any proceeds of sale or disposal of any property of the Company, but so that no distribution amounting to a reduction of capital be made except with the sanction (if any) for the time being required by law.
(Q) To do all or any of the above things in any part of the world, and either as principals, agents, trustees, contractors or otherwise, and either alone or in conjunction with others, and either by or through agents, trustees, sub-contractors or otherwise.
(R) To do all such things as are incidental or conducive to the above objects or any of them.
It is hereby expressly declared that each sub-clause of this Clause shall be construed independently of the other sub-clauses hereof, and that none of the objects mentioned in any sub-clause shall be deemed to be merely subsidiary to the objects mentioned in any other sub-clause.
The liability of the members is limited.
The Share Capital of the Company is_______ divided into_______
Shares of _____ each.
The shares in the original or any increased capital may be divided into several classes, and there may be attached thereto respectively any preferential, referred or other special rights, privileges, conditions or restrictions as to dividend, capital, voting or otherwise.
II COMPANIES ACTS 1963 TO 1990
COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES
ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION
OF
PIERCE LIMITED
PRELIMINARY
1. (a) Subject as hereinafter provided, the regulations contained in parts I and II of Table A in the first schedule to the Companies Act 1963 (hereinafter referred to as “Table A”) shall apply to the Company.
(b) Regulation 5, 8, 24, 47, 51, 54, 75, 79, 84, 86, 91, 92, 93, 94, and 95 of Table A part I and regulation 7 in Part II of Table A, shall not apply.
2. The Company is a Private Company and accordingly:
The right to transfer shares is restricted in the manner hereinafter prescribed;
The number of the members of the Company (exclusive of persons who are in the employment of the Company and of persons who, having been formerly in the employment of the Company, were while in such employment and have continued after the termination of such employment to be, members of the Company) is limited to fifty, so, however, that where two or more persons hold one or more shares in the Company jointly, they shall, for the purpose of this regulation, be treated as a single member;
(c) Any invitation to the public to subscribe for any shares or debentures of the Company is prohibited;
The Company shall not have power to issue share warrants to bearer.
SHARES
No share shall be offered at a discount.
4. (a) The Directors of the company are generally and unconditionally authorized to exercise all powers of the company to allot relevant securities (within the meaning of section 20 of the Companies (Amendment) Act 1983) up to an amount equal to the authorized but as yet unissued share capital of the company on the date of incorporation of the company. The authority hereby conferred shall expire five years from the date of incorporation of the company, unless previously renewed, revoked or varied by the company in general meeting, save that the company may before such expiry date make an offer or agreement which would or might require relevant securities to be allotted after the authority has expired and the Directors may allot relevant securities in pursuance of such offer or agreement as if the authority hereby conferred had not expired.
(b) The pre-emption provisions of sub-sections (1), (7) and (8) of section 23 of the Companies (Amendment) Act 1983 shall not apply to any allotment by the Company of equity securities (within the meaning of the said Section 23).
5. The Directors may, in their absolute discretion and without assigning any reason therefore, decline to register any transfer of any share, whether or not it is a fully paid share.
6. When any shares have been forfeited an entry shall be made in the Register of Members of the Company recording the forfeiture and the terms and date thereof.
BORROWING POWERS
The Directors may exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money, and to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and uncalled capital, or any part thereof and to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities, whether outright or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or of any third party.
GENERAL MEETINGS
8. Regulation 4 of Table A part 11 shall apply to the Company and subject to Section 141 of the Act, a resolution in writing signed by all the members for the time being entitled to attend and vote on such resolution at a General Meeting (or being bodies corporate by their duly authorized representatives) shall be as valid and effective for all purposes as if the resolution had been passed at a General Meeting of the Company duly convened and held, and if described as a Special Resolution shall be deemed to be a Special Resolution within the meaning of the Act.
VOTES OF MEMBERS
9. No business shall be transacted at a General Meeting unless a quorum of members is present at the time when the meeting proceeds to business; save as herein otherwise provided, two members present in person or by proxy shall be a quorum.
DIRECTORS
Unless and until otherwise determined by the Company in General Meeting the number of Directors shall not be less than two or more than seven. The first Directors will be the persons named in the statement delivered to the Registrar of Companies in accordance with Section 3 of the Companies (Amendment) Act 1982.
In regulation 98 of Table A part 1, the words “but shall” to the end shall be omitted.
A resolution in writing signed by all the Directors for the time being entitled to receive notice of a meeting of the Directors shall be as valid as if it had been passed at a meeting of the Directors duly convened and held.
The quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of the Directors may be fixed by the Directors, and unless so fixed shall be two.
Provided that he shall have declared the nature of his interest in accordance with Regulation 83 of Table A part 1, a Director may vote in respect of any contract, appointment or arrangement in which he is interested, and he shall be counted in the quorum present at the meeting.
DISQUALIFICATION OF DIRECTORS
15. The office of Director shall be vacated if the Director:
(a) Ceases to be a Director by virtue of Section 18O of the Act; or
(b) Is adjudged bankrupt in the State or in Northern Ireland or Great Britain or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors generally; or
Becomes prohibited from being a Director by reason of any order made under Section 184 of the Act; or
Becomes of unsound mind; or
Resigns his office by notice in writing to the Company; or
(f) Is convicted of an indictable offence unless the Directors otherwise determine; or
(g) Is for more than six months absent without permission of the Directors from meetings of the Directors held during that period.
16. Where a notice is sent by post it shall be deemed to have been served at the expiration of forty eight hours after it was posted; and regulation 133 of Table A shall be modified accordingly.
17. A member who has no Registered Address in the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland or Great Britain, and has not supplied to the Company an address within the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland or Great Britain for the giving of notices to him shall not be entitled to receive any notices from the Company.
INDEMNITY
18. In addition to the indemnity contained in regulation 138 of Table A part 1, the Company shall indemnify every Director, Secretary or other officer against all costs and expenses incurred in or about the execution and discharge of the duties of his office.
SECRETARY
19. The first Secretary of the Company shall be the person named as the first Secretary of the Company in the statement delivered under Section 3 of the Companies (Amendment) Act 1982.
III. Protecting the Environment
<…> Ozone, a type of oxygen, forms a layer in the upper atmosphere, located between 15 and 30 km above the earth’s surface. The ozone layer absorbs most of the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. UV radiation reaching the earth threatens humans and plants and animals. In large doses, these powerful rays from the sun can cause skin cancer and other health problems in humans, can harm and even kill plants and animals, can make plastics, rubber, building materials wear out sooner.
Researchers found out that the ozone layer over the entire planet is thinning. A lot of chemicals, used by people, harm the ozone layer, for example, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that are used (as the cooling fluid) in refrigerators, domestic and vehicle air conditioners, fire extinguishers, aerosol cans. <…>
(Washington DC)
IV. Why Lifecycles supplements?
Made from natural sources with minimal processing and contain no artificial preservatives, colours, sweeteners, starches, wheat, yeast or dairy.
Scientifically balanced to contain the complete range of essential vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, co-factors and complementary nutrients.
Include digestive enzymes to maximize absorption and product performance.
Each batch is subjected to complete independent third party laboratory analysis to ensure label claims are met.
(T.Riordan. A New Way to a Better Life, Brochure)
V. THE SHORTEST DISTANCE TO BETTER HEALTH
An adequate daily intake of vitamins and minerals is vital to long-term health for everyone from children to the elderly. However, food surveys show that our modern diets are deficient in many vitamins and minerals that are absolutely essential for health. These chronic nutrient deficiencies contribute to such conditions as osteoporosis (caused by calcium deficiency), heart disease and cancer. In the United States alone it is estimated that hospital bills could be reduced by $30 billion US if everyone took vitamin and mineral supplements.
Just as our bodies change as we age, so do our nutritional requirements. Keeping this in mind, Lifecycles vitamin and mineral supplements are scientifically designed for the various cycles of your life. Whatever your age or gender, Lifecycles has a formulation to fit your style of life and is available in the following formulas: Children’s Chewable, Men’s, Women’s, Mature Men’s, Mature Women’s and Cal-Plus calcium supplement.
VI. WHAT DOES AN INTERPRETER DO?
To explain what interpreters do it is worthwhile to start by discussing the differences between interpreting and translation.
Interpreting vs. Translation
On the surface, the difference between interpreting and translation is only the difference in the medium: the interpreter translates orally, while a translator interprets written text. Both interpreting and translation presuppose a certain love of language and deep knowledge of more than one tongue.
However, the differences in the training, skills, and talents needed for each job are vast. The key skill of a very good translator is the ability to write well, to express him/herself clearly in the target language. That is why professional translators almost always work in only one direction, translating only into their native language. Even bilingual individuals rarely can express themselves in a given subject equally well in two languages. And many excellent translators are far from being bilingual — they may not be, and need not be, fluent speakers of the source language (the language of the original text being translated). The key skills of the translator are the ability to understand the source language and the culture of the country where the text originated, and, using a good library of dictionaries and reference materials, render that material into the target language.
Forms of interpreting
An interpreter, on the other hand, has to be able to translate in both directions, without the use of any dictionaries, on the spot.
There are two types of interpreting: consecutive and simultaneous. In the most popular form of simultaneous interpreting the interpreter sits in a booth wearing a pair of headphones and speaking into a microphone. Strictly speaking, “simultaneous” is a misnomer: the interpreter can’t start interpreting until s/he understands the general meaning of the sentence. Depending on how far in the sentence the subject and the verb are located, the interpreter into English may not be able to utter a single word until s/he heard the very end of the sentence in the source language! This should make it evident how hard the task of the interpreter really is: s/he needs to be translating the sentence into the target language while simultaneously listening to and comprehending the next sentence. You can experience the difficulty of the task even if you are monolingual: just try paraphrasing someone’s speech with a half-sentence delay, making sure you understand the next sentence while paraphrasing the previous one.
One of the key skills of the simultaneous interpreter is decisiveness: there is simply no time to weigh the merits of variant translations or to recall just the right idiom in the target language. Any delay and you may lose a few words (and possibly a thought) that the speaker uttered. And since the speaker may be far away, or even in a different room than the interpreter, the loss may be permanent.
During consecutive interpreting the speaker stops every 1-5 minutes (usually at the end of every “paragraph” or a complete thought) and the interpreter then steps in to render what was said into the target language. A key skill involved in consecutive interpreting is note-taking, since few interpreters can memorize a full paragraph at a time without loss of detail. But interpreter’s notes are very different from those of a stenographer, because writing down words in the source language makes interpreter’s job harder when he or she has to translate the speech into the target language. Many professional interpreters develop their own “ideogramic” symbology, which allows them to take down not the words, but the thoughts of the speaker in language-independent form. Then the interpreter’s output is more idiomatic and less source-language bound.
In spite of the vast differences in the skills of translators and interpreters, there is one thing that they must share, besides deep knowledge of both languages: they must understand the subject matter of the text or speech they are translating. One of the main reasons why the Automatic Translation projects that were popular since 1950’s failed is precisely that reason. Translation is not a matter of substituting words in one language for words in another. It is a matter of understanding the thought expressed in one language and then explaining it using the resources of another language. In other words, what an interpreter does is change words into meaning, and then change meaning back into words — of a different language. So interpreting is basically paraphrasing. And just like you can’t explain to someone a thought if you didn’t fully understand that thought, nor can you translate or interpret something without mastery of the subject matter being relayed. This is why making sure that the interpreter is knowledgeable in the subject matter of the conference or the workshop they are interpreting at is just as important as making sure that s/he is an experienced interpreter.
Qualifications of a good interpreter:
Knowledge of the general subject of the speeches that are to be interpreted.
General erudition and intimate familiarity with both cultures.
Extensive vocabulary in both languages.
Ability to express thoughts clearly and concisely in both languages.
Excellent note-taking technique for consecutive interpreting.
At least 2-3 years of booth experience for simultaneous interpreting.
http://www.ricintl.com/interpreting_vs_translation.html
V
The
Maryland English Institute and American
Council for Collaboration in Education
and Language Study
This
is to certify that
Galina
Stavitskaya
has
successfully completed the course of study at
the
Summer Institute for Russian Teachers of English at
the
University of Maryland
June
5 - August 30, 2004
College
Park, Maryland
Peter
J. Thanner John F. Simpson Director Director Maryland
English Institute ACCELS
VIII.
V
We
go back a long time
And
some of our very best memories
Are
of the good times
We
have had together With
you dear, dear friend Alice
& Daniel
REQUESTED
THE HONOR
Of
your presence dear
Peter
At
Anniversary party
On
Saturday
The
eighth of June
Year
two thousand and two
in
the afternoon
Reception
immediately following Sincerely
yours,
Alice and Daniel
IX.
IX.
I
N V I T A T I O N
I,
WILLIAM JAMES SMITHSON born on March 27,1960, a permanent
resident
of the USA, residing at: 1642 Brighwater Avenue,apt,1-G,Brooklyn,
N.Y. 11235, invite my friend, Olga Ivanovna Smirnova born on
February 23,1954, Novgorod, Russia, residing at: 2 Pushkin Str, apt
31,Novgorod, Russia for a period of thirty days. I pledge to provide
to the above named person full support during her stay in the USA
and, in case of need, to pay all medical expenses and to secure
return ticket.
X.
American
Council for Collaboration in Education and Language Study
Scheduled Itinerary for
Philadelphia Excursion
July
9 - 10, 1988
Saturday,
July 9
8:00
a.m. Depart College Park from Harford Hall. You may either eat
breakfast beforehand in
the
dining center, or take food with you on the bus.
11:30
a.m. Guided tour of historic Philadelphia: Independence
Hall Congress
Hall Liberty
Bell Portrait
Gallery in the Second National Bank of
the
United States (a newly-opened exhibition)
1
— 3 p.m. Lunch (buy your own) and shopping at The Gallery
3:30
p.m. Excursion to the Rodin Museum
4:30
p.m. Depart for Bryn Mawr College 6:00
p.m. Meet with high school teachers of Russian from special National
Endowment for the Humanities program at Bryn Mawr.
7:30
p.m. Dinner (provided by ACCELS), Wyndham House
Free
evening (optional activities in Philadelphia)
Sunday,
July 10
Sleep
late!
10:30
a.m. Brunch (provided by ACCELS),
Bryn
Mawr dining center
11:30
a.m. Leave for Lancaster County
(Pennsylvania
Dutch Country) Farmers’
market Amish
homestead
3:00
p.m. Depart Lancaster for College Park
6:00
p.m. Arrival at Harford Hall.
XI.
X
LANGUAGE
TRAVEL CERTIFICATE
THIS
IS TO CERTIFY THAT
PETR
LIVENKO
Has
attended an EF language course in English
from
27/ 07/05 to 12/08/05
This
student attended 100% of the course
AIM
OF COURSE:
to
improve our students’ abilities to communicate in English by
building confidence and increasing fluency and accuracy,
to
give students cultural and social experience of life in another
country.
THE
SYLLABUS COMPRISED:
Grammar
in situational context; vocabulary work; development of speaking and
listening skills with work on pronunciation and aural comprehension;
cultural project work involving spoken English outside the
classroom; a focus on everyday life in an English-speaking country;
written tests.
COMMENTS:
____________
____________ Course
Town
Date
Signature
of Head Teacher
XII.
THE
INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL
The
International School 1-3
Mount Radford Crescent Exeter, EX2 4EW, Devon
Course
Report
TATYANA
KOZAKOVA PRE-INTERMEDIAТЕ
ENGLISH
Written
English: Generally
your written work is accurate, especially in more controlled
situations.
Spoken
English: You
have managed to become a more confident and able communicator and I
know you have worked especially hard to improve your listening
skills — well done!
Attendance: Excellent
Punctuality:
Excellent
General
Remarks: You
have generally worked steadily throughout your stay and tried to
improve all areas of your English. You now need to consolidate what
you have learnt and to take every opportunity to practise your
speaking and listening. Good luck for the future!
Head
of Studies: (Signature) Date:
29th
August, 2003
H
TETLEY
Tetley’s unique blend has three main components:
- Assam teas from India, for body and strength
- African teas for that distinctive taste and ‘red’ colour
- Ceylon teas for the smooth refreshing finish
…and, being naturally rich in antioxidants, it’s good for you too!
Tetley contains LESS caffeine than either a cup of instant or ground roasted coffee — and that’s a fact!
‘If you are not totally happy with your Tetley product in any way, please contact us and we will try our hardest to help you”.
- Tetley tea is a rich source of antioxidants.
- The antioxidants found in tea, fruit and vegetables form an important part of a healthy diet.
“At Tetley we don’t make tea for anyone else”
Return bag and contents if inner seal is broken.
XIV.
XV.
JOB DESCRIPTION
POST ROOM ASSISTANT
Clerical/Related Grade 2
The Post Room Assistant is responsible to the Post Room Supervisor and in his absence the Deputy Post Room Supervisor for the following:
Assisting with the receipt and sorting of incoming mail in the University Post Room.
Where appropriate assisting with the sorting and dispatching of outgoing mail in the University Post Room.
Liaising with the delivery and collection of mail to departments on the main campus of the University.
Using the University computer database to identify wrongly or insufficiently addressed mail.
Keeping up to date with efficient Post Room practices.
Conditions of Service
Hours: Hours 07:30-11:30. In addition, some paid overtime is required during the Christmas and Easter closure periods.
Holidays: 4 weeks per year plus additional days at Easter, Christmas and New Year.
(Booklet)
XVI. CURRICULUM VITAE
OLIVER WRIGHT- Curriculum Vitae |
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Personal profile |
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Experience |
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Achievements |
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Career history |
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Personal details
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Oliver Wright 15 Park Lane London SW58 0DB Tel: 0206 874 4700 Born: 03.07.57 Educated: Sidmouth School 1965-72, and Hertstone College 1972-73, Southtame College 1974, and University of Wales 1973-1977. August 2001 |
XVII.
CURRICULUM VITAE Personal details |
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Name |
Albert Lynn |
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Address |
4 Ash Green Road, Linkoln, OT2 7IR Tel: 0666 364 582 Email: lynn_alb@mktg.ssu.co.uk |
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Nationality |
British |
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Date of birth |
12/04/77 |
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Marital status |
Single |
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(1) Personal profile I am reliable, well organised, and used to working on my own initiative. I am able to prioritise my workload. I am comfortable working on my own or as part of a team. (2) Key skills |
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Familiar with Microsoft Word and Excel |
Good problem-solver |
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Confident communicator |
Self-motivated |
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Able to cope under pressure |
Fluent in German |
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Clean driving licence |
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(3) Work experience |
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2000 – Present |
Marketing Assistant, Success Solutions Unlimited, Manchester Duties include planning and implementing all advertising and promotion, responding to enquiries, monitoring student performance |
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1998 – 2000 |
Teacher of English, Churchill School of English, Munich, Germany |
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August 1996 |
One month placement in the sales department of Newton Publishing, London |
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(4) Education |
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Dec 1997 |
Certificate in Teaching English as a Foreign Language (Distinction) |
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1994–1997 |
London University: BA in English Literature and Language (2.2) |
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1987–1994 |
Minster College Secondary School, Wells 8 GCSEs, 3 A levels: English (A), German (B), Art (C) |
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Interests Football, sailing, reading, landscape painting (5) References Available on request |
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XVIII CV - Resume -Covering Letter
18 Wye 75008 Cardiff Wales tel: 4 75 27 25 63 email: marylam@zhunet.com 10.02.2005
The Principal Interplay Languages 23 White Yard 16004 CARDIFF
Dear Madam Director of Studies
I am interested in working as Director of Studies for your organisation. I am an EFL language instructor with nearly 10 years' experience to offer you. I enclose my resume as a first step in exploring the possibilities of employment with Interplay Languages. My most recent experience was implementing English Through Drama workshops for use with corporate clients. I was responsible for the overall pedagogical content, including the student coursebook. In addition, I developed the first draft of the teacher's handbook. As Director of Studies with your organisation, I would bring a focus on quality and effectiveness to your syllabus design. Furthermore, I work well with others, and I am experienced in course planning. I would appreciate your keeping this enquiry confidential. I will call you in a few days to arrange an interview at a time convenient to you. Thank you for your consideration.
Yours faithfully
Mary Lamberth
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XIX. October 13, 1995
Dear Belgorod,
Elgin is proud to have a Sister-City relationship with your fine community. The ties that bind our cities exemplify the fundamental greatness of our peaceloving peoples. We extend to you our thanks for enriching the lives of our Elgin citizens, and look forward to strengthening our mutual friendship.
Kevin Kelly
Mayor of Elgin
СОВЕТЫ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛА
П.Палажченко
Жаргон В принципе верен совет не увлекаться жаргоном как в учебе (этот слой лексики изменчив, за ним не угонишься, а студентам вообще лучше сначала разобраться с английскими артиклями и временами), так и в переводе. Но и уйти от жаргона не так легко, и едва только вам как переводчику начинают доверять, почувствовав по реакции собеседника, что «контакт есть» (it clicks), можете быть уверены: скоро начнется «бег с препятствиями» (an obstacle course) — и фразеологизмы, и поговорки, и крылатые слова и выражения, а равно и жаргонные словечки посыплются как из рога изобилия (will come pouring/ in abundance; собственно рог изобилия — a horn of plenty или cornucopia). Так что приходится быть готовым.
<…> Несколько примеров, пока отсутствующих в большинстве словарей:
бабки (деньги) — dough. Интересно обыграно в рекламе недорогих пельменей: И волки сыты, и бабки целы. Передать в переводе все ассоциации не удастся, но можно попробовать что-нибудь вроде The wolves are sated and Grandma keeps the dough. Среди жаргонных синонимов слова money — loot, cabbage, и, конечно, bucks;
<…> грузить (долго, нудно что-то рассказывать; перегружать собеседника своими проблемами) to bore someone stiff; to be a pest;
достать — в значении вывести из себя, безусловно, жаргонизм, поэтому и соответствие должно быть жаргонным. Например, Он меня достал — he got my goat (несколько «вежливее» he really gets (to) me);
<…> «завязать» — в письменных текстах в этом значении обычно дается в кавычках и означает бросить пить. Русскому Он «завязал» вполне соответствует английское Не is on the (water) wagon — согласно Webster's Third New International Dictionary, under pledge or resolution to abstain from alcoholic beverages. Антоним — сорвался: Он сорвался /снова пьет. — Не is off the wagon. Разумеется, английское выражение to tie the knot (в словарях оно сопровождается пометкой informal) не имеет с этой темой ничего общего и означает “сочетаться законным браком”,
заморочки — поскольку этого жаргонного словечка еше нет в словарях, могу опираться лишь на собственное приблизительное понимание его значений, которых, как мне кажется, два: одно близко к английскому snags, hitches (осложнения, неприятности), другое — к английскому hangups (навязчивые идеи, «пунктики»),
зачистка — из военно-полицейской лексики: mopping-up operation, sweep. Часто употребляется в переносном смысле, как правило, саркастически: Амбиции лубянского экономиста гораздо выше, чем простая «зачистка» таможни («Общая газета»). — The ambitions of the economist from Lubyanka go a lot further than just cleaning up the customs. Чистка (этническая) — ethnic cleansing;
кинуть — жаргонизм «с душком», означающий оставить партнера ни с чем, не заплатить. Запомнилась фраза одного российского политика, сказанная после дефолта 1998 года об иностранных инвесторах в российские ГКО (GKOs или treasury bills, T-bills): Мы их просто кинули (я все же не думаю, что он имел в виду, что «мы» сделали это преднамеренно). Что тут предложить в переводе? То con, to dupe, to defraud, простое to cheat — все предполагает преднамеренность (и лишь первые два варианта относятся к жаргонной лексике). Мне кажется, что здесь подошел бы перевод We just screwed them (или вполне литературное took advantage of them). В плане намерения он нейтрален — может быть, оно «имело место быть», а может быть... так уж получилось;
клево — жаргонизм со стажем, число вариантов его перевода почти неограниченно. Лично мне нравятся cool, super;
круто — поновей, чем клево, и с несколько иным оттенком — некоторой брутальности, что ли. Прилагательное крутой иногда просто синоним слова клевый, но чаще встречается другое значение, передаваемое по-английски tough, heavy. Это довольно круто.— This is pretty stuff. Как существительное — a tough guy, a bully, a roughneck;
лох — возможно, происходит от более «почтенного» слова олух — доверчивый человек, которого легко обмануть — a dupe, a sucker. Знаменитому американскому импресарио Ф.Т.Барнуму (Phineas Taylor Barnum) — отцу современного американского цирка, рекламы и маркетинга — приписывается фраза There's a sucker born every minute. — На наш век простаков хватит (подробнее см. в Англо-русском лингвострановедческом словаре «Американа» под редакцией Г.В.Чернова). Не только в разговорной лексике, но и в публицистике слова подобного рода в последнее время — не редкость. В следующем примере из полемической статьи в «Независимой газете» они явно в избытке, и в переводе возможна некоторая стилистическая нейтрализация: Президент, оказывается, просто «кинул» лохов-коммунистов. — It appears that the President has simply duped the gullible communists;
лохотрон — a confidence game или просто con game. Определение из Oxford American Dictionary: a dishonest scheme, such as one in which a victim is persuaded to entrust his valuables to the confidence man (one who defrauds people), who gives a false impression of safety — действительно, типичный лохотрон. Синонимы — fraud, scam;
наводка — tip-off /insider’s tip. Грабители действовали по наводке соседей пострадавшего. — The burglars were tipped off by the victim’s neighbors;
наезжать — атаковать словом или действием (честно говоря, более точного и полного определения подобрать не могу) — to rip into someone, to slam, to strong-arm. Мне кажется вполне приемлемым использование глагола to harass и существительного harassment: На все мои попытки как-то запугать или наехать она никогда не поддавалась («Аргументы и факты»). — Whenever I tried to somehow scare or harass her, she never flinched. Если наезжают «коллективно», то неплох вариант to gang up on someone. Наезд — скорее gang raid, но наверное, чтобы не рисковать, лучше просто attack. To же самое — накат. Накаты на Аксененко в прессе усилились («Общая газета»). — Attacks on Aksenenko in the media have been stepped up;
нал — наличные: cash. Черный нал — under-the-counter cash payments;
наперсточник — игра в «наперсток» — один из самых распространенных лохотронов (см. выше). Наверное, более подходящих переводов, чем con game и con, искать не надо. В последнее время часто встречается в переносном смысле: «Это — наперсточничество, — резюмировал представитель главного акционера ТВ-6, — а мы с наперсточниками не играем». («Независимая газета»). — “This is a con game,” said the representative of the station’s main shareholder, “and we don’t play with cons.”
облом — неудача, провал; огорчение: a flop, a washout. Какой облом! — What a bummer!
обуть – примерно то же самое, что кинуть. Из многочисленных возможных вариантов мне нравится to take to the cleaners;
<…> отключиться — to pass out /black out. Кстати, у слова отключение есть вполне нежаргонное значение, актуальное в последнее годы у нас и, как выяснилось, в США, точнее в Калифорнии: веерное отключение (электроэнергии) — rolling blackout;
отморозок — лучше всего, пожалуй, a freak: Несколько отморозков-камикадзе могут легко расправиться с миллионами людей («Известия»). — A few suicidal freaks can easily massacre millions of people;
оторваться — хорошо, весело провести время, часто, но не обязательно, с выпивкой — to have a ball /blast, to whoop it up;
отстой — все немодное, устаревшее, неинтересное, отсюда прилагательное отстойный — old hat, fossil, square;
оттягиваться — to loosen up — примерно то же самое, что оторваться, хотя этимология вызывает некоторые подозрения; впрочем, вошло в язык, о чем свидетельствует реклама газированной воды с лозунгом Оттянись со вкусом! — Taste it and relax /have a ball;
подставить — to set someone up;
пофигизм — от русского Мне все по фигу. — I couldn't care less. Наша защита — тотальный пофигизм («Новая газета»). — We are protected by our pervasive I-couldn’t-care-less attitude;
прикол — забавная ситуация, может быть, розыгрыш (прилагательное прикольный) — fun, a prank; может быть, high jinks. Прилагательное — тоже fun (например, a fun game, a fun place);
прокол — прямое значение соответствует английским puncture или burst tire. Переносное (в зависимости от контекста) — bummer, gaffe /blunder или foul-up. Иногда возможно просто failure;
разруливать — первоначально — из лагерно-криминального жаргона, но в последнее время, кажется, вошло в общепринятый лексикон: Ситуация очень нестандартна, противоречива. Не существует заведомо известных способов ее «разруливания» («Труд»). — The situation is unusual and full of contradictions. There are no ready recipes for how to sort it out /work through it;
раскручивать — известный анекдот — диалог новых русских у памятника Пушкину:
Кто это?
Да Пушкин раскрученный.
В последнее время, однако, слово раскрутить в этом значении из жаргона уже практически перешло в обычную лексику. Английские соответствия довольно многочисленны — от нейтральных to promote и to publicize до разговорного, слегка жаргонного to hype. Раскрутка — hype. Раскрученный певец — much touted /hyped singer, раскрученный политик — лучше сказать well-known politician, нераскрученный — little-known, virtually unknown. Интересно, что одновременно с распространением жаргонного значения произошла и актуализация этого слова в его первоначальном, «нормальном» значении: Россия раскручивает внутренние механизмы самодвижения (из интервью М.С.Горбачева газете «Труд»). — Russia has set in motion internal mechanisms of self-sustaining development. Спираль насилия, которую здесь раскручивают десятилетиями, очень трудно разрубить (из интервью Е.Примакова газете «Век»). — The cycle of violence that has continued here for decades is very difficult to break /stop (кстати, cycle действительно предпочтительнее spiral — последнее чаще употребляется как глагол или причастие: spiralling prices, spiralling inflation);
<…> страшилка — a horror film/movie/show. В переносном смысле — scare tactics, scary stuff, bogeyman. Синоним — ужастик: Ужастики для выбивания денег на научные исследования — не наш стиль (из интервью в газете «Век»). — Scaring people/using scare tactics in order to obtain funding for research is not our style;
тормоз — из нового молодежного жаргона. Означает человека, до которого ничего не доходит, «тугого» в общении. В зависимости от контекста можно сказать He's a bore или He's really slow. <…>
тусовка — компания, группа людей, объединенных общими интересами или совместным времяпрепровождением — crowd. Модная тусовка — fashion crowd, телетусовка — ТV crowd и т.п. Это слово встречается довольно часто даже в статьях на международные, политические темы, часто в стилистической «смеси» и весьма размытом значении: Некоторый волевой импульс, который вносит Россия в кислую международную тусовку... («Московский комсомолец») = Russia is injecting a certain amount of will in the flabby/lackluster international debate/dealings:
<…> халява — a freebie; free/coding. Халявщик — a freeloader. В своей книге Bandits, Gangsters and the Mafia английский историк Мартин Макколи приводит следующие определения слова халява: a cheap railway station prostitute; to satisfy one’s wants at someone else’s expense; a female thief; a floozy, whore; something which is easily done. Mikhail Bulgakov, продолжает Макколи, in Master and Margarita, uses the word to describe a visit to the theater without paying. Отдавая должное недюжинной эрудиции автора, все же замечу, что самое лучшее определение — то, которое сам он приводит чуть ниже и как-то походя: Khalyava is something for nothing. В отличие от Макколи, я не думаю, что халява есть родовой признак «коммунистического» и постсоветского общества: Only when Russia has overcome its communist past will khalyava be overcome. Имея некоторое представление о жизни в обществах, не знавших «коммунизма», полагаю, что халява есть явление, так сказать, общечеловеческое;
«чайник» — первоначально это слово употреблялось профессиональными водителями в отношении автолюбителей. Сейчас оно служит для обозначения непрофессионалов в любой сфере. Оно также используется в переводах (или переложениях) книг известной в США серии For Dummies. Например, PC for Dummies — ПК для «чайников». Правда, между этими словами есть некоторое различие: «чайник» — неспециалист, дилетант, dummy — скорее полный профан или даже идиот. Так что я бы предложил ПК для тупых.
(Мой несистематический словарь, 33-39)
Л.Виссон
Даже формальная английская проза обычно написана менее высокопарным стилем, чем русские тексты. В двух российских экспериментах переводы с русского на английский, сделанные носителями русского языка, были исправлены носителями английского. В результате тексты оказались менее формальными и более разговорными:
Он увидел страну в тисках блокады. Он узнал о голоде и тяготах, выпавших на долю людей.
Translator: He saw the country in the clenches [sic — LV] of the blockade. He learned of the famine and hardships that had befallen the people.
Editor: He saw the country being strangled by the blockade, the famine and hardships the people were suffering.
Названия стран должны располагаться в алфавитном порядке и писаться с прописной буквы.
Translator: The names of the countries should be written with a capital letter and put into alphabetical order.
Editor: The names of the countries should be alphabetized and capitalized.1
Сокращение и конденсация текста, однако, не должны радикально менять стиль высказывания. «Российские предложения, направленные на ликвидацию ядерного оружия» можно сжать при переводе — Russian proposals for the elimination of nuclear weapons/to eliminate nuclear weapons, — но использование глаголов to scrap или to get rid of было бы слишком разговорно для данной темы. Во время процесса конденсации никогда нельзя забывать о стилистическом уровне текста:
Да, события вокруг аварии в Чернобыле еще раз отчетливо подтвердили: существуют две политические морали, две линии поведения в вопросах, имеющих для человечества поистине жизненное значение.
Yes, Chernobyl once again demonstrated the existence of two political moralities, two types of conduct in matters/on issues truly vital/of vital importance to mankind.2
<…>
Если у переводчика есть хоть малейшее сомнение в том, правильно ли он понял докладчика, или ему не до конца понятна цель высказывания, нейтральный стиль перевода — самый лучший выбор.
Мы задаем им встречный вопрос: а вы готовы пустить на слом сотни ракет и самолетов, тысячи ядерных боезарядов?
We counter with а question: But are you ready/Are you really ready to ...
Most neutral: do away with/put an end to
Semi-neutral: destroy/eliminate
More colored: wreck/dump
Most colored: consign to the garbage heap/smash to bits
... hundreds of missiles and airplanes, thousands of nuclear warheads?
Хотя иногда разговорное выражение или фразеологизм имеет точный эквивалент на другом языке, частота использования этого выражения может cильно варьироваться. Например:
Ни в грош не ставят эти права, и среди них первейшее право человека — право на жизнь, те, кто является приверженцем гонки вооружений.
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Neutral :
Colloquial:
Too colloquial /vulgar:
Equivalent but archaic in English:
They set no store by
They care nothing for
They could care less about
They don’t give a damn about
They don’t give a brass farthing for
They don’t give a tinker’s dam for
Для англоговорящего A tinker's dam — выражение устаревшее и архаичное, в то время как «ни в грош не ставить» звучит вполне нормально для носителя русского языка. Есть случаи, однако, когда эквиваленты выражений на обоих языках совпадают:
Это играет на руку тем, кто выступает с претензиями на право объявлять правительства «законными» или «незаконными».
This plays into the hands (plural in English) of those who arrogate themselves/claim the right to declare governments “legitimate” or “illegal.”
Многие русские выражения, которые содержат слово «рука» или «нога», не имеют в английском точных эквивалентов, и тогда требуется нейтральный перевод:
Развитие позитивных процессов было подорвано с легкой руки НАТО.
The development of positive processes was thwarted/undermined with some assistance from/with a bit of help from NATO.
А если переводчик обязательно хочет сохранить образ руки:
...with a helping hand from NATO.
ИЛИ:
Предпринимается откровенная попытка поставить все с ног на голову.
There is an open policy of/An open attempt is being made to turn everything upside down/topsy-turvy/to upset everything.
Порой весьма разговорное выражение вкрадывается в стилистически нейтральное или даже формальное заявление.
Нравственно разложить, запутать, сбить, как у нас говорят, с панталыку можно лишь утаиванием правды, ложью.
Moral corruption, confusion, driving someone/people crazy/nuts/wild/bats can only be done by hushing up/covering up the truth, by lying/lies.
Иногда нужно слегка изменить английский эквивалент:
Мир давно перешел уже ту черту, за которой гонка вооружений стала поистине безумной.
The world has long gone past/beyond the point/crossed the threshold beyond which the arms race has become genuinely insane.
<…> Высокий стиль с церковнославянской лексикой, в английском варианте можно передать словами с латинскими корнями:
Ни для кого не секрет, что обреченные историей расисты, находящиеся и в своей стране, и в регионе в абсолютном меньшинстве, не смогли бы творить преступные деяния без опоры на эти круги.
It is perfectly clear to everyone/ it is no secret to anyone that the racists doomed by history, who both in their country and in the region are in the absolute minority, could not have perpetrated these evil deeds without relying on/ without support from these quarters/ sectors/ circles.
«Низкий» русский разговорный стиль передается словами с англосаксонскими корнями:
Администрация США периодически обращается с подстрекательскими посланиями к афганской контрреволюции. В Белом доме с помпой принимают ее главарей. В декабре прошлого года в госдепартаменте было организовано провокационное сборище, на котором с участием предводителей бандитского отребья, окопавшегося в военных лагерях на территории Пакистана, обсуждались вопросы активизации военной, финансовой и политической помощи наемным бандам.
The US Administration periodically sends inflammatory messages to the Afghan counter-revolutionaries. The White House (locative becomes subject) received its ringleaders with solemn ceremony/pomp/rolled out the red carpet for its ringleaders. Last December (no “in” necessary in English) the State Department organized a provocation/an inflammatory get-together at which, with the (participation of the) top brass/top dogs of this collection of thugs/riffraff/bandit-like riffraff/rabble who had dug into/entrenched themselves on the territory of Pakistan, issues/questions were discussed of how to/ways to step up/increase/ give more assistance to the mercenary bands.
(Синхронный перевод с русского на английский, 145-150)