I. Напишите транскрипцию данных единиц. Найдите русские эквиваленты и подготовьтесь к лексическому тесту.

BASIC CHEMICAL ELEMENTS

H - Hydrogen He - Helium B - Boron C - Carbon N - Nitrogen O - Oxygen F - Fluorine Ne - Neon Na - Sodium Mg - Magnesium K - Potassium Сa - Calcium Cr - Chromium Mn - Manganese Fe - Iron Co - Cobalt Ni - Nickel Cu - Copper Zn - Zink As - Arsenic Br - Bromine Sr - Strontium Mo - Molybdenum Ag - Silver Sn - Tin I - Iodine Ва - Barium W - Tungsten Pt - Platinum Au - Gold Hg - Mercury Pb - Lead Ra - Radium U - Uranium AL - Aluminium

водород гелий бор углерод азот кислород фтор неон натрий магний калий кальций хром марганец железо кобальт никель медь (купрум) цинк мышьяк бром стронций молибден серебро олово йод барий вольфрам платина золото ртуть свинец радий уран алюминий

II. Работа со словарём. Научитесь одним движением руки открывать нужную букву в словаре.

Ll (LM) Cc (BC) Jj (JK) Kk (K+ LM) Ii (Ii + JKLM)

lady-killer, lanky, limb, lofty, lure cloister, corona, Ceylon, cad juggle (trick), jargon, jot (not a ~), juvenile (delinquent, labour~ ), junk kin, kidnap, kirk (Scottish church), knick-knack, khan. ichor, impartial, indeclinable, impish

III. Переведите текст, применяя приемы простой лексической подстановки и альтернативной подстановки.

1. The Lost Colony

The Jamestown settlers were not the first English people to visit Virginia. Twenty years earlier the adventurer Sir Walter Raleigh had sent ships to find land in the New World where English people might settle. He named the land they visited Virginia, in honour of Elizabeth, England’s unmarried Queen.

In July 1585, 108 English settlers landed on Roanoke Island, off the coast of what is now the state of North Carolina. They built houses and a fort, planted crops and searched – without success — for gold. But they ran out of food and made enemies of the local American inhabitants. In less than a year they gave up and sailed back to England.

In 1587 Raleigh tried again. His ships landed 118 settlers on Roanoke, including fourteen family groups. The colonists were led by an artist and mapmaker named John White, who had been a member of the 1585 expedition. Among them were White’s daughter and her husband. On August 18^th the couple became the parents of Virginia Dare, the first English child to be born in America.

In August White returned to England for supplies. Three years passed before he was able to return. When his ships reached Roanoke in August 1590, he found the settlement deserted. There was no sign of what had happened to its people except a word carved on a tree — “Croaton”, the home of a friendly Indian chief, fifty miles to the south. Some believe that the Roanoke settlers were carried off by Spanish soldiers from Florida. Others think that they may have decided to go to live with friendly Indians on the mainland. They were never seen, or heard of, again.

(B.O’Callaghan. An Illustrated History of the USA. p.15)

2. QUEEN BOUDICCA’S REBELLION

In 43 A.D., England was divided into different tribes. Some tribes welcomed the Romans, but others hated them and rebelled. The most famous rebellion against the Romans was led by a woman called Queen Boudicca. Queen Boudicca’s husband, the chief of the Iceni tribe, had recently died and so she took over as leader. Queen Boudicca rode in a chariot at the front of her army of wild Iceni warriors.

At first, the rebellion was successful. Boudicca’s army burned down the Roman cities of Colchester, St. Albans and Londinium (London). Queen Boudicca did not take prisoners. The Iceni killed every Roman or Romanised Britain they could and massacred over 70,000 people. Citizens were terrified of the advancing Iceni army. However, eventually the better organisation of the Roman army showed, and Boudicca was defeated. She was very proud, and did not want the shame of being taken to Rome as a prisoner in chains, so she killed herself by drinking poison. A big statue of Boudicca in her chariot stands by the River Thames in London.

(W.Ferguson. Cultural Classroom 2, p.81)

3. HERE’S HOW A VOLCANO WORKS:

The earth has a layer of “skin” that is made of rock. The earth’s skin is called the crust. The crust is like a jigsaw puzzle made up of giant pieces called plates. These plates move very slowly — a few inches a year. Why do they move? Because they sit on top of rock that is very, very hot. The rock gets so hot in spots that it melts.

…When the plates bump each other or pull apart, a crack may form in the crust. Magma and gas push up through the crack. Once magma is outside of the volcano, it is called lava.

Sometimes lava explodes in a cloud and shoots out of the crater, as it did in the Mount St.Helens eruption. But sometimes volcanoes don’t explode when they erupt. Instead, streams of hot lava flow out. The volcanoes of Hawaii erupt this way. The lava flows are beautiful, but they are like a “river of fire”. They burn everything in their path!

A volcano gets bigger from layers of lava and ash building up on its sides. When magma or lava cools, different types of volcanic, or igneous rock are formed. Granite forms when magma cools slowly in cracks beneath the earth’s surface. Basalt forms when a stream of lava cools quickly. Pumice, the lightest rock in the world, is made when thick, sticky lava cools fast. Pumice hardens with air bubbles inside — it is so light, it can float in water.

(E. Arnold, 32-35)