The adverb

1. What’s the difference between happy and happily?

2. What’s the difference between the Adjective and the Adverb?

Clever people behave properly. + N V +

Adverb as a part of speech includes words that describe circumstances in which an action takes place, and specify some characteristic features of an action, or a quality.

According to their morphological structure adverbs are classified into

1) simple - enough, back, here, there, then, quite, well, rather, too.

2) derivative - slowly, widely, beautifully, heavily, easily, lazily, differently, simply, etc.

3) compound - any­where, anyway, anyhow, sometimes, somehow, nowhere, clockwise, likewise, longwise.

4) complex - at a loss, at work, by name, by chance, by train, in debt, in a hurry, in turn.

According to their meaning all the adverbs can be divided into some categories, i.e. the adverbs of place, time, manner, quantity and quality.

We don’t use adverbs after the link verbs to be, become, feel, get, look, seem, taste, and smell.

I feel GOOD. You look BEAUTIFUL. It tastes DELICIOUS.

Some adverbs have degrees of comparison.

one syllable adverbs and early: adverbs in -ly by means of more and most: Irregular adverbs:

fast - faster - fastest, soon - sooner - soonest early - earlier - earliest beautifully - more beautifully - most beautifully carefully - more carefully - most carefully slowly - more slowly - most slowly; often - more often - most often well - better - best, badly - worse - worst, much - more - most little - less - least, far - father/further - farthest/furthest

Ex.1 Divide the following words into 2 columns: nice, nicely, beautiful, beautifully, good, well, friendly, friendly. Give the title to the columns.

Ex.2 Match column A with column B

Viewpoint	Well, badly, quickly, slowly, easily, quietly
When?	When, now, then, before, after, afterwards, once, just, still, already/yet, since, early, lately/recently, suddenly, soon, long, ago, today, tomorrow, yesterday
Connecting	Here, there, where, somewhere/anywhere, nowhere, elsewhere, far away/ far off, near, inside, outside, above, below
How much?	Much, little, very, too, so, rather, enough, quite, not at all, hardly/scarcely, nearly/almost, somewhat, much/far/by far
Where?	Obviously/ evidently, probably, possibly, indeed, certainly, perhaps, may be, apparently, decisively, undoubtedly, practically, naturally, fortunately, unfortunately, mainly, chiefly, mostly
How?	In addition, again, apart from this/ besides, moreover, as compared, to, equally, however, in reality, all in all, and so on, essentially, in brief, in conclusion.

Ex.3 Form the adverbs corresponding to the following adjectives:

bad, slow, quick, merry, sweet, happy, sad, brave, correct, care­ful, sudden, hard, sorrowful, bright, good, fast, near, slight, ter­rible, complete, entire, beautiful, wonderful, loud, proud, seri­ous, painful, long, cold, warm, silent, strong.

Ex.4 Find the appropriate Russian equivalents for the English adverbs.

1) shortly а) вероятно

2) hardly b) внимательно

3) nearly с) упорно

4) late d) весьма

5) hard e) почти

6) lately f) едва

7) sharp g) недавно

8) pretty h) поздно

9) closely i) ровно

10) likely j) вскоре

Ex.5 Choose the appropriate adverb.

1. He lives quite (nearly/near). 2, You've come too (lately/late). 3. The mechanic examined the damaged car (closely/close). 4. It is (prettily/pretty) difficult to speak to her. 5. We have seen very little of you (lately/late). 6. She is always (prettily/pretty) dressed. 7. He (nearly/ near) seized the rail. 8.I used to work (hardly/hard) to get everything I have got now. 9. His suggestion seemed (highly/high) improbable to us, 10. Her house stood (closely/close) to the river. 11 The wind was blowing so (hardly/hard) that I could (hardly/hard) walk. 12. The actress (justly/just) deserved the prize. 13. The plane flew (highly/high), we could (hardly/hard) see it. 14. (Shortly/ Short) after graduating I moved to the capital. 15.1 could see the house door which was (widely/wide) open.

Ex.6 Choose the correct variant

1.The firm is very efficient/ efficiently organized. 2. I have an awful/ awfully headache. 3. We must meet them. Their train arrives late/ lately. 4. That’s real/ really wonderful dress. 5. Her hair is soft/ softly and curly. 6. Is the girl good/ well brought up? 7. Everybody says that she sings bad/ badly. 8. Hurry up, George! Why are you always so slow/ slowly? 9. I don’t remember the rule very good/ well. 10. He is very difficult to deal with. He can’t explain anything clear/ clearly. 11. I can’t imagine how he passes his exams. He hard/ hardly studies at all. 12. She is very patient/ patiently with her pupils. 13. The house is very old. The roof doesn’t look safe/ safely. 14. I’m a little tired but I feel good/ well. 15. The food in our hotel is wonderful/ wonderfully. It always smells and tastes pleasant/ pleasantly.

Ex.7 Give the comparative and superlative degrees of the following adverbs:

well, far, late, easily, slowly, long, early, comfortably, near, quickly, clearly, badly, often, correctly.

Ex.8 Translate into English using the adverbs

1. Я где-то читал об этом. 2. Я никуда не пойду сегодня вечером. 3. Я никогда не смотрю футбол по телевизору. 4. Вы уже закончили печатать письма? 5. Уже совсем светло. 6. Он достаточно умен, чтобы понять это. 7. Он знает английский достаточно хорошо. 8. Он почти кончил свою работу. 9. Я едва понимал его. 10. Он работает очень упорно. 11. Он еще спит. 12. Он еще не вернулся. 13. Он говорит очень медленно. 14. Я совсем забыл этот рассказ. 15. Сейчас слишком поздно туда идти. 16. Вы должны идти туда немедленно, иначе вы опоздаете. 17. Я чуть не сказал ему об этом. 18. Уже совсем темно. 19. Еще не совсем темно. 20. Еще совсем не темно.