1. Give equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

Aircraft carrier,взлетать вертикально, capital ship, личный состав, submarine, flight control tower, надстройка, angle deck, носовая часть, ship’s hull, вертолёт, aircraft design, линкор, flight deck, landing hook, воздушный бой, starboard side,вертикальный взлет и посадка.

1. Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. A crash barrier was raised to stop any landing aircraft which overshot the landing area.

2. Aircraft carriers are generally accompanied by a number of other ships, to pro­vide protection.

3. The pilot only needs to increase engine power to maximum to get airborne again.

4. The bridge, flight control tower, engine exhausts are located in the superstruc­ture.

5. The angle deck also allows launching of aircraft at the same time as others land.

6. Aircraft utilise their hover capability to land vertically and so require no assis­tance in speed reduction upon landing.

7. A steam-powered catapult is used to propel the aircraft forward assisting the power of its engines.

8. Aircraft take off to the front, into the wind, and land from the rear.

9. Modern navies that operate such ships, treat aircraft carriers as the centerpiece of the fleet.

2. Translate the following information into Russian:

A surface ship generally consists of the hull, decks and superstructure. The interior of a ship is divided into compartments (rooms, cells or bays) by bulkheads. The keel, running fore-and-aft throughout her length, is the backbone of the ship. The deck be­low is called the second deck, then comes the third and so on. The part of a ship above the main deck is the superstructure. It extends from side to side of the ship and usually mounts masts supporting radio and radar antennas, engine exhaust and other equipment. In the aircraft carriers the superstructure is positioned away from centerline to permit take-off and landing of aircraft. The front of a ship is the bow; the rearmost part is the stem. Щг right side is the starboard; her left side is the port. Ships are driven by propel­lers and steered by the rudder.

Like other warships aircraft carriers are built of mild steel. The vessel has two skins or bottoms. The inner and outer bottoms are connected together by two systems of frame

• longitudinal and transverse, which subdivide the double bottom into watertight cells.

The American aircraft carrier, nuclear-powered USS Nimitz has a flight deck on which there are four steam catapults.

Below the flight deck are the hangars where aircraft are stored. These decks are connected by elevators for the rapid movement of aircraft upwards. Below these decks are the engine rooms, living quarters, repair shops, lower hold and many other cells.

3. Translate the following text into Russian:

Just like the family motor boat, an aircraft carrier propels itself through the water by spinning propellers. Of course, at about 21 feet (6.4 meters) across, a carrier’s four bronze screw propellers are in a very different league than a recreational boat’s. They also have a lot more power behind them. Each propeller is mounted to a long shaft, which is connected to a steam turbine powered by a nuclear reactor.

The carrier’s two nuclear reactors, housed in a heavily-armored, heavily restricted area in the middle of the ship, generate loads of high-pressure steam to rotate fan blades inside the turbine. The fans turn the turbine shaft, which rotates the screw propellers to push the ship forward, while massive rudders steer the ship. The propulsion system boasts something in excess of 280,000 horsepower (the Navy doesn’t release exact numbers).

The four onboard turbines also generate electricity to power the ship’s various elec­tric and electronic systems. This includes an onboard desalination plant that can turn

0. gallons (-1,500,000 liters) of saltwater into drinkable freshwater every day

• that’s enough for 2,000 homes.

Unlike the old oil-boiler carriers, modem nuclear carriers don’t have to refuel regu­larly. In fact, they can go 15 to 20 years without refueling. The trade-offs are a more expensive power plant, a longer, more complicated refueling process (it takes several years) and the added risk of a nuclear disaster at sea. To minimize the risk of such a ca­tastrophe, the reactors inside a supercarrier are heavily shielded and closely monitored.