- •Internal combustion engine
- •Give equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •Using the English-Russian dictionary translate the following text
- •Into Russian:
- •IV. Translate the following information into English:
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •Explain and translate the following definitions of the car body elements:
- •Translate the following information into English:
- •Translate the following information into Russian:
- •Give equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •Translate the following information into English:
- •Translate the following text into Russian:
- •Give equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •Translate the following information into Russian:
- •Translate the following text into Russian:
- •Be ready to talk and discuss the general structure of a ship
- •Uss Nimitz’s catapult 1
- •Translate the following text into English:
- •Inspecting a used car
- •Incandescent lighting - освещение лампами накаливания
- •Answer and translate the following questions:
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •Translate the following text into Russian:
- •IV. Translate the following information into English:
- •Various definitions
- •Decipher and translate the following abbreviations:
- •Answer the following question:
- •Translate the following text into Russian:
- •Translate the following material into English:
- •I. Translate the following sentences:
- •II. Translate the following information in to Russian:
- •Translate the following advertising material into English:
- •Be ready to talk about the power supply at your home.
- •Introduction to power electronics
- •I. Answer the following questions:
- •Translate into English words in brackets and then the sentences
- •Into Russian:
- •Translate the following text: Conductors
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •Translate into English: Теория цепей
- •Translate into Russian: Current supply
- •Give equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Translate and answer the following questions:
- •Translate the following text:
- •Translate the text and be ready to discuss the general radio design:
- •Translate into English the following material:
- •Translate the following extract: Microphone transmitter.
- •Introduction to radar fundamentals
- •Give equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Put 10 questions to the text and answer them:
- •Translate into Russian the following text:
- •Translate into English:
- •Read and translate the list of chemical elements with their symbols and atomic number: (in alphabetical order)
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •Translate into Russian:
- •Translate into English:
- •Translate the following information into English:
- •Put 6 questions to the text and answer them:
- •Translate the following sentences in to Russian:
- •Translate the following text and he ready to discuses properties of elements: Chemical properties of elements
- •Vanderwaals radius
- •Ionic radius
- •Isotopes
- •Translate the following text into English using proper terms given below:
- •Classification by Structural Change
- •Classification by Reaction Type
- •Translate into Russian the following sentences:
- •Translate the follow text into Russian:
- •Translate the classification of hydrocarbons into Russian:
- •Reaction Characteristics
- •Factors that Influence Reactions
- •Translate the following information into Russian:
- •Translate the following text into English: Насыщенные углеводороды
- •Translate the following material into Russian:
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •Translate the following information into Russian:
- •Translate into English:
- •Translate the following text into Russian:
- •Translate the following information into English:
- •Translate the words and word combinations in brackets into English.
- •Give equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •Translate the following text into Russian:
- •Translate into English:
- •Translate into Russian:
- •Be ready to answer questions on the text and talk about the refinery presses.
- •Translate words and word combinations in brackets into English. Translate
- •Give equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •Translate the following text:
- •Translate into English:
- •Translate into Russian:
- •Translate into English:
- •Translate in to English:
- •Interface поверхность раздела; граница
- •Viscosity
- •Translate words and word combinations in brackets into English. Then
- •Translate the following text and be ready to discuss it: crude oil pretreatment (desalting).
- •Electrostatic desalting.
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •Translate the following information into Russian:
- •Translate the following text into English:
- •Translate the following information into English:
- •Give eqvivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •Translate the following text into English:
- •Translate the following text:
- •Translate into English:
- •Improving the quality of petroleum products
- •Give eqvivalents to the following words and word combinations:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Translate into Russian:
- •Translate into English:
- •Translate into Russian: The Physics of Oil Refineries
- •Discussion of the refinery process. Prepare the brief report on one of the theme topics.
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •Translate the following text in writing:
- •Introduction to nuclear power
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •Translate the following text into Russian:
- •Translate the following text into English:
- •Inside the reactor
- •Put some questions to the text and translate them:
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •Translate the following material into English:
- •Translate the following text into Russian:
- •Translate the following text into Russian:
- •Translate the following word combination into Russian:
- •Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •Translate the following text into English:
- •Translate the following text into English:
- •Translate the following extract into English:
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •Translate the following information into Russian:
- •Translate into Russian:
- •Translate the following information into English:
- •Translate the following information into English:
- •Give equivalents to the terms on the fig.2 using technical dictionaries.
- •Translate into Russian:
- •Translate into Russian:
- •Translate the following information into Russian:
- •Translate into English: Устройство энергетических ядерных реакторов.
- •Put several questions to the text above and answer them:
- •Translate the following text into Russian:
- •Translate the following extract into Russian:
- •To check yourself try to translate the following text at sight:
- •Introduction to the almr/prism
- •Translate the following information into English: хранение ядерного топлива
- •Work area
- •Electrical safety
- •Power tool use and care
- •Service
- •Рабочее место
- •Поддерживайте чистоту и порядок на Вашем рабочем месте.
- •Меры безопасности при подключении к электросети.
- •Указания по безопасности
- •Использование инструмента и уход за ним.
- •Important safety instructions
- •Translate into English:
- •Устройство и принцип работы р ис. 1. Внешний вид аппарата.
- •6 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures exhaust gas recirculation apparatus for engine with turbocharger
- •Read the patent given above, identify its parts and be ready to comment on peculiarities of their translation. 2. Translate the following extract into English:
- •Beltline: The horizontal area of the body along the door just below the side-window glass.
- •Abstract
- •Description
вает его склонность к окислению, ускоряет процесс коррозии металлических деталей, соприкасающихся с маслом.
Содержание механических примесей
Присутствие механических примесей в нефти объясняется условиями ее залегания и способами добычи. Механические примеси состоят из частиц песка, глины и других твердых пород, которые, способствуют образованию нефтяной эмульсии. В отстойниках, резервуарах и трубах при подогреве нефти часть механических примесей оседает на дне и стенках, образуя слой грязи и твердого осадка. При этом уменьшается производительность оборудования, а при отложении осадка на стенках труб уменьшается их теплопроводность. Массовая доля механических примесей до 0,005% включительно оценивается как их отсутствие.
Mechanical Impurities Content
Presence of mechanical impurities in oil is explained by conditions of its occurrence and ways of its extraction. Mechanical impurities consist of particles of sand, clay and other hard rocks that make up oil emulsion. When oil is heated in sedimentation tanks, reservoirs and pipes a part of mechanical impurities settles on the bottom and walls forming a layer of dirt and hard sediment. Together with this equipment productivity decreases, and in case of sediments formation on the pipes walls pipes thermal conductivity also decreases. The presence of mechanical impurities in the amount of 0.005% inclusive is estimated as their absence.
Вязкость
Вязкость определяется структурой углеводородов, составляющих нефть, т.е. их природой и соотношением, она характеризует возможность распыления и перекачивания нефти и нефтепродуктов: чем ниже вязкость жидкости, тем легче осуществлять ее транспортировку по трубопроводам, производить ее переработку. Особенно важна эта характеристика для определения качества масленых фракций, получаемых при переработке нефти и качества стандартных смазочных масел. Чем больше вязкость нефтяных фракций, тем больше температура их выкипания.
Наибольшей ценностью обладает легкая нефть с низким содержанием
Viscosity
Viscosity is defined by the structure of hydrocarbons contained in oil, i.e. their nature and ratio. It characterizes the ability of oil and oil products atomizing and pumping. The lower liquid viscosity is the simpler its transportation via pipelines and its processing are. This characteristic is especially important for defining the quality of oily fractions obtained in the process of oil processing and the quality of standard lubricating oils. The higher oil fractions viscosity is the higher their final boiling point is.
The most valuable is light oil with low content of sulfur, water, salts and
серы, воды, солей и механических mechanical impurities with low viscosity
примесей, а также с низкой вязкостью. as well.
charged particles injected into the crude oil - заряженные частички впрыскиваются в сырую нефть.
EXERCISES
Translate words and word combinations in brackets into English. Then
translate sentences:
The refinery must separate the various components of crude oil into specific petroleum products such as (бензин или масла).
Water and (углеводород) don’t mix well because their molecules don’t bind to one another strongly.
The strength of the (водород) bonds between water molecules makes oil and water so (несмешиваемый).
(Поверхностное напряжение) is particularly strong in water because water molecules attract one another so strongly.
The smallest droplets experience (сильные силы притяжения) as they try to move through the surrounding liquid and travel extremely slow.
In fact, various (химические примеси) in the petroleum actually surround the water droplets, so that they can’t touch and coalesce.
Heat reduces the (вязкость сырой нефти) and the water molecules are able (оседать) more easily.
The refineries use (электрофильтр) to pull the water droplets through the oil.
Translate the following text and be ready to discuss it: crude oil pretreatment (desalting).
Description.
Crude oil often contains water, inorganic salts, suspended solids, and water-soluble trace metals. As a first step in the refining process, to reduce corrosion, plugging, and fouling of equipment and to prevent poisoning the catalysts in processing units, these contaminants must be removed by desalting (dehydration).
The two most typical methods of crude-oil desalting, chemical and electrostatic separation, use hot water as the extraction agent. In chemical desalting, water and chemical surfactant (demulsifiers) are added to the crude, heated so that salts and other impurities dissolve into the water or attach to the water, and then held in a tank where they settle out. Electrical desalting is the application of high-voltage electrostatic charges to concentrate suspended water globules in the bottom of the settling tank. Surfactants
are added only when the crude has a large amount of suspended solids. Both methods of desalting are continuous. A third and less-common process involves filtering heated crude using diatomaceous earth.
