1. Give equivalents to the following words and word combinations:

Piston engine, camshaft, wedge type combustion chamber, valve, wedge type com­bustion chamber, блок цилиндров, cylinder head, компоновка двигателя, camshaft lobe, штанга толкателя, internal combustion engine, коленчатый вал, clearance, engine con­figuration, opposed engine, роторный двигатель, рабочая смесь.

2. Translate the following sentences into Russian:

The internal combustion engine converts fuel into the energy that powers the au­tomobile.

A battery and electric starter get the engine starting but the car going.

It takes two complete revolutions of the crankshaft to complete the cycle.

During the exhaust stroke, the piston moves up again and forces the burned gases out of the cylinder and into the exhaust system.

The location of the combustion chamber is the area between the top of the piston and the cylinder head.

The hemispherical combustion chamber is compact and allows high compression with a minimum of detonation.

The rotary engine bums as much as 20 % more fuel than the conventional one and is potentially a high polluter, but its small size allows the addition of emission-control parts more conveniently than does the piston engine.

Within this chamber of the rotary engine all four functions of a piston take place simultaneously in the three pockets that are formed between the rotor and the chamber wall.

The overhead camshaft arrangement has the advantage of eliminating the added weight of the rocker arms and push rods.

3. Using the English-Russian dictionary translate the following text

Into Russian:

Engine configuration is an engineering term for the layout of the major components of an internal combustion engine. These components include cylinders, pistons, crankshaft or crankshafts and camshaft or camshafts.

For many automobile engines, the term block is interchangeable with engine in this context, for example Vblock and Vengine can often be used interchangeably in American English. This is because the most common forms are all based on a combined engine block and crank case that are milled from a single piece of cast metal. The locations of the major components are largely determined by the shape of this one component.

The standard names for some configurations are historic, arbitrary, or both, with some overlap. For example, the cylinder banks of a 180° V engine do not in any way form a V, but it is regarded as a V engine because of its crankshaft and big end configu­ration, which result in performance characteristics similar to a V engine. But it is also considered a flat engine because of its shape. On the other hand, some V-twin engines which have none of the typical V engine crankshaft design features and consequent per­formance characteristics are also regarded as V engines, purely because of their shape. The names W engine and rotary engine have each been used for several unconnected designs. The H-4 and H-6 engines produced by Subaru are not H engines at all, but boxer engines.