III. Section: Offence and invasion

1. Match the words and phrases in List A with those in List B. Learn these lexical units.

List A

List B

to advance on a town to storm a building to launch a strike to launch an attack to carry out an attack to come under attack to make a raid to besiege a port to impose a blockade to lift the blockade to invade a country to break through to send in troops surprise attack all-out attack full-scale attack to be on the offensive to go on the offensive to resume an offensive pre-emptive strike breakthrough charge conquests to mount an invasion invader to break off an offensive

a. направлять войска b. внезапная атака c. снимать блокаду d. наступать e. завоеванные земли f. захватчик g. возобновлять наступление h. упреждающий удар i. перейти в наступление j. совершить вторжение k. атака с целью прорыва l. прекращать наступление m. идти в наступление n. штурмовать здание o. подвергаться нападению p. наступление по всему фронту q. начинать атаку r. устанавливать блокаду s. совершать рейд t. осаждать порт u. оккупировать страну v. наступать на город w. наносить удар x. решительное наступление y. прорваться

2. Give synonyms for the following words and phrases.

to attack, to launch (an attack), to strike, to carry out (an attack), to impose a blockade, attack, to mount (an offensive), to go on (the offensive), to resume (an offensive), to make (a raid), air (raid), (to make) a foray, to launch (a strike), to lift (the siege), (offensive) war, to invade (a country), invasion, to launch (an invasion)

3. Suggest words and expressions that correspond to the following definitions.

1. a planned military attack involving large forces over a long period

2. a very powerful and violent attack

3. the land or people that another country has taken control of by force

4. a short sudden attack by a group of soldiers, especially in order to get food or supplies

5. a short sudden attack on a place by soldiers, planes, or ships, intended to cause damage but not take control

6. to surround a place, especially with an army, and try to gain control of it or force someone to come out of it

7. to move towards someone or something, especially in a slow and determined way (used especially to talk about soldiers)

8. a sudden brief military attack, especially by missiles or planes dropping bombs

9. to enter a country, town, or area using military force in order to take control of it

10. to manage to get past or through something that is in your way

11. to send soldiers, police etc somewhere to deal with a difficult or dangerous situation; to cause soldiers to move into battle

12. to start using weapons to try to defeat an enemy

13. the act of attacking

14. to get control of a country by force; to defeat an enemy

15. a violent military attack to take control of a place controlled by the enemy

16. to suddenly attack and enter a place using a lot of force

4. Match the words in List A with those in List B to form phrases.

List A	List B
pre-emptive to lift to advance to attack to break to send to strike to press to go to come full-scale to be an offensive to mount breakthrough to lay to lift raiding offensive	a. resumes b. attack c. an advance d. an assault e. under attack f. the siege g. siege to a castle h. charge i. warfare j. strike k. towards a city l. the blockade m. through defences n. party o. into attack p. on the offensive q. at a target r. in troops s. an enemy

5. Fill the gaps in the sentences with prepositions or adverbial particles if necessary.

1. The journalists found a city virtually …. siege.

2. The soldiers made nightly forays ….. enemy territory.

3. An economic blockade was imposed ….. the country six months ago.

4. They finally broke ….. the German line.

5. He is unlikely to send ….. the army to quell nationalist aspirations.

6. Fighter bombers struck ….. the presidential palace.

7. Grant launched an all-out attack ….. these defences during the gusty, rainy, and misty dawn of May 12.

8. They tried to create the impression that they were ….. the offensive.

9. The West African forces went ….. the offensive in response to attacks ….. them.

10. In the view of many analysts here, they did not have to create the impression that they are ….. the offensive.

11. The West African forces went ….. the offensive in response to attacks on them.

12. The violence is unlikely to stop without military strikes ….. terrorist bases.

13. The enemy's defences were strong but our soldiers broke ….. .

14. The rebels responded to a military onslaught ….. them by launching a major assault on an army camp.

15. In June 1176 King Richard laid siege ….. Limoges.

16. All the soldiers were ordered to go ….. and seize the enemy position.

17. The rebels attempted a surprise raid ….. a military camp.

18. In early 1940 the army began to advance ….. France.

19. The rebels are poised for a new assault ….. the government garrisons.

20. The enemy advanced ….. Rome, and at last conquered it.

6. Choose the word or phrase (from the list) that best completes each of the sentences below. Change the grammatical form of the word or phrase if necessary.

to strike, to raid, invasion, to advance, to storm, to break through, blockade, to send in, bombing, to assault, nuclear, to launch, offence, to make, to besiege, to hit, to mount, offensive, strike, to impose, siege, to invade, conquest, occupation

1. The convoy ….. by Afghan government troops.

2. The area is under ….. .

3. The major ..... was preceded by a significant upswing in fighting.

4. Terrorists were able ….. in one country and then flee to another.

5. The capital ….. by the opposition militia for two months now.

6. These base camps were used by the PKK guerrillas ….. forays into Turkey.

7. After hours of fierce fighting, rebels ….. and captured the capital.

8. The Romans ….. Britain 2000 years ago.

9. American aircraft carriers launched several ….. against the enemy.

10. He remembers when schools were closed for fear of catastrophic ….. raids in wartime Edinburgh.

11. We ….. a surprise attack against their ammunition depot.

12. Several dozen rebels ….. the ambassador's residence.

13. The Roman legions left, opening the way for the ….. of the British Isles by the Germanic tribes.

14. The army slowly ….. across the frozen tundra.

15. On March 30, 1972, Hanoi ….. its own major offensive across the demilitarized zone.

16. They ….. an economic blockade on the country.

17. The base was vulnerable to ….. attack.

18. He has asked the government ….. troops to end the fighting.

19. Vikings ….. settlements on the east coast.

7. Translate these sentences. Give synonymous translations if possible.

1. В то время немецкие войска наступали на Москву.

2. Противник начал наступление на рассвете.

3. Мятежники взяли приступом президентский дворец.

4. Военные базы используются для нанесения воздушных ударов по боевикам в соседней стране.

5. Боевики периодически нападают на конвои союзных войск.

6. Несколько десятилетий назад США установили блокаду Кубы.

7. Армия ведет подготовку к полномасштабному наступлению на базы террористов.

8. После артиллерийской подготовки его подразделение перешло в наступление.

9. Им удалось прорвать оборону противника с большим трудом.

10. Самолеты нанесли удары по основным военным и промышленным объектам страны.

11. На рассвете его батальон предпринял атаку на оборонительные позиции противника.

12. Город вновь подвергся нападению вражеской авиации.

13. Его взвод совершил вылазку в тыл противника.

14. Президент пригрозил, что его страна нанесет упреждающий ядерный удар по военным целям на территории противника.

15. Кто должен принимать решение об установлении и снятии блокады той или иной страны?

16. Римляне завоевали большую часть Европы.

17. Американцы вторглись в Ирак без согласия ООН.

18. Большинство членов ООН выступает против оккупации Израилем палестинских земель.