II. Section: Fighting a battle

1. Match the words and phrases in List A with those in List B. Learn these lexical units.

List A

List B

to clash (with sb) to fire a rifle to shoot down an aircraft to shell (a position) to target missiles to target civilians clash to open fire to come under fire shelling military target to hit a target pinpoint accuracy to spot a target to shoot sb point-blank to shoot to kill to shoot down unarmed demonstrators to launch a missile to be bombed out to cease fire to return fire to suffer heavy casualties to inflict casualties on sb death toll skirmish to miss a target

a. поразить цель b. стрелять на поражение c. промахнуться d. военная цель e. застрелить в упор f. расстрелять безоружных демонстрантов g. перестрелка h. засекать цель i. запускать ракету j. нести тяжелые потери k. обстреливать из артиллерийских орудий l. вступать в вооруженное столкновение m. общее число погибших n. наносить потери o. нацеливать ракеты p. отвечать на огонь q. выбирать в качестве цели гражданское население r. подвергаться обстрелу s. остаться без жилья в результате бомбардировки t. прекращать огонь u. стрелять из винтовки v. артиллерийский обстрел w. открывать огонь x. высокая точность y. вооруженное столкновение z. сбить самолет

2. Give synonyms for the following words and phrases.

to fire (a rifle), to spot (a target), to fire, to shell, to shoot down (an aircraft), skirmish, to target (missiles), to hit (a target), to cease (fire), to fire (a shot), carpet (bombing), pinpoint (bombing), heavy (bombardment), to begin (bombardment), to come under (bombardment), casualty, heavy (casualties), to inflict (casualties), to suffer (casualties)

3. Suggest words and expressions that correspond to the following definitions.

1. the total number of people who die in an accident, war etc

2. to find or discover the exact position of something

3. someone who is hurt or killed in an accident or military action

4. to aim something, such as a missile, bomb, or weapon, at a target

5. a short fight between small groups of soldiers, etc, especially one that is not planned and that happens away from the main part of a battle

6. to shoot someone as soon as you see them

7. to be where you may be hit if someone shoots

8. a short series of shots from a gun

9. to intend to kill someone when you shoot at them

10. an object, person, or place that is deliberately chosen to be attacked

11. to send a missile or spacecraft into the air or into space

12. a short fight between two armies or groups

13. the use of bombs to attack a place

14. a continuous attack on a place by big guns or bombs

15. to be very close to them when you shoot

16. to kill or seriously injure someone by shooting them, especially someone who cannot defend themselves

17. to cause a weapon to shoot bullets or missiles

18. to be forced to leave a place because of being attacked by bombs

19. to make an enemy plane crash to the ground, by firing weapons at it

20. to deliberately kill or injure someone using a gun

4. Match the words in List A with those in List B to form phrases.

List A	List B
to fire to launch to open precision to come to hit pinpoint to exchange to shoot to down to be caught to take a shot preliminary civilian to sustain a skirmish to be bombed	a. target b. rings out c. breaks out d. a shot at sb e. in the firing line f. casualties g. a missile h. sb in the head i. of one's home j. bombardment k. under bombardment l. bombing m. accuracy n. a plane o. into the crowd p. fire with sb q. fire on sb r. a target

5. Fill the gaps in the sentences with prepositions or adverbial particles if necessary.

1. Soldiers fired …. the crowd.

2. The latest estimates put the death toll ….. 15 000.

3. He lifted his rifle and fired ….. the target.

4. He was killed during the war when his plane was shot ..… .

5. Half the town was bombed ….. ….. their homes in the raid.

6. The missiles were targeted ….. the enemy capital.

7. He was shot ….. the leg while trying to escape.

8. The city came ….. fire from anti-government forces last night.

9. Students cowered in classrooms as the gun shots rang ….. .

10. The capital is still ….. constant bombardment by the rebel forces.

11. Greek forces clashed ….. Turks in the hills.

12. We used to shoot ….. empty bottles for practice.

13. Seventeen people were killed when security forces fired ….. demonstrators.

14. Troops opened fire ….. the demonstrators.

15. There are hundreds of nuclear missiles aimed ….. the main cities.

16. Armed officers had instructions to shoot the kidnapper ….. sight.

17. They skirmished briefly ….. soldiers from Fort Benton.

18. A couple of civilians were caught ….. the firing line.

19. Police fired shots ….. the air and used water cannon to disperse the crowd.

20. They fired ….. long bursts, which depleted their ammunition.

21. The docks are the main target ….. the bombing raids.

22. We can only hold ….. for a few more hours.

6. Choose the word or phrase (from the list) that best completes each of the sentences below. Change the grammatical form of the word or phrase if necessary.

to pinpoint, to clash, weapon, to miss, to kill, to down, to shoot, to launch, to bomb, to skirmish, bombardment, to target, clash, to hit, to bombard, bombing, civilian, accuracy

1. Rebel artillery units regularly ….. the airport.

2. The ship ….. by fire from a German plane.

3. Iranian and Iraqi troops ….. on the border.

4. The missiles can hit targets with pinpoint ….. .

5. The team went behind enemy lines ….. the exact locations of missile launchers.

6. The soldiers had orders to shoot ….. .

7. NATO warplanes ….. a dozen towns on Thursday.

8. He remembers when schools were closed for fear of catastrophic ….. raids in wartime Edinburgh.

9. Ten soldiers were wounded in a ….. with the rebels.

10. The Germans began their ….. of Paris in early 1870.

11. In 23 attacks, the terrorists ….. military bases.

12. The missiles ….. against enemy targets.

13. The GIA continued its attacks on ….. targets.

14. He claimed the rebels ….. 35 government aircraft.

7. Choose the word or phrase (from the list) that best completes each of the sentences below. Change the grammatical form of the word or phrase if necessary.

to fire, to shoot up, heavily, skirmish, to erupt, to miss, list, loss, toll, to inflict, to occur, to cause to launch, to hit, to miss, to spot

1. As the unrest continued, the death ….. rose.

2. The war has led to a tragic ….. of life.

3. Unfortunately heavy losses ….. during the First World War.

4. Casualty ….. were not published until months after the battle.

5. Our forces ….. heavy casualties on the enemy.

6. Further shelling ….. casualties in the trench and destroyed the parapet over a length of fifty yards.

7. The police ….. two shots at the suspects before they surrendered.

8. The bomb ….. its target by several kilometres.

9. Government soldiers ran into a group of rebels, and a ….. followed.

10. Shooting and shelling ….. sporadically from both sides.

11. The town was ….. bombed in World War II.

12. Then two men came in and ….. the entire lobby.

8. Translate these sentences. Give synonymous translations if possible.

1. Войска противоборствующих сторон вступили в вооруженное столкновение на границе.

2. Нам удалось засечь важные военные цели на территории противника.

3. Его подразделение сбило несколько вражеских самолетов.

4. Баллистические ракеты обеих сверхдержав были нацелены на основные промышленные центры друг друга, но ни одна ракета так и не была запущена против какой-либо из этих цели.

5. Самолеты НАТО подвергли бомбардировке основные военные и промышленные объекты на территории Югославии.

6. В результате бомбардировки почти все жители деревни остались без крова.

7. Город подвергался артиллерийскому обстрелу в течение нескольких недель.

8. В результате перестрелки на границе несколько человек получили ранения.

9. Войска открыли огонь по безоружным демонстрантам.

10. Его подразделение подверглось обстрелу со стороны боевиков.

11. Полицейские получили приказ стрелять на поражение.

12. Ракета поразила цель, находившуюся за тысячи километров от пусковой установки.

13. Ракета прошла мимо цели.

14. Командир приказал своим солдатам не стрелять очередями.

15. Преступник подошел сзади и выстрелил в упор.

16. В бою его подразделение понесло тяжелые потери.

17. Наша армия нанесла серьезные потери боевикам.

18. Журналисты сообщили о потерях среди мирного населения.

19. Общее число погибших увеличилось до 35 человек.

20. Бывший премьер-министр заявил, что он искренне сожалеет о гибели людей в Ираке.