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С.И. Жолобов

Краткий тематический словарь

Военные действия

Учебное пособие

для студентов университетов

Нижний Новгород 2011

Жолобов С.И. Краткий тематический словарь. Военные действия: Учебное пособие для студентов университетов. – Нижний Новгород: НГЛУ им. Н. А. Добролюбова, 2011 . – 78 с.

Настоящая работа представляет собой лексический справочник по темам, изучаемым студентами на пятом курсе. Соответствующий словарный состав сгруппирован на основе тематического принципа. Каждая лексическая единица снабжена толкованием, переводом, иллюстративными примерами ее употребления в речи, а также минимально необходимой грамматической и стилистической информацией. Кроме того, в учебное пособие включены разнообразные упражнения, которые должны помочь студентам усвоить изучаемый ими словарный материал.

© ГОУ ВПО НГЛУ, 2011

© Жолобов С. И., 2011

Contents

General concepts……..................................................... Fighting a battle…........................................................... Offence and invasion.................................................... Defence...................................................................... Militancy and subversion …………………………............... Insurgency...................................................................

4 10 20 30 37 50

Vocabulary practice Section: General concepts.....……….…………………...... Section: Fighting a battle.............................................. Section: Offence and invasion........................................ Section: Defence……….…………………………..……..…. Sections: Militancy and subversion, Insurgency………….

54 58 63 68 73

1. General concepts

1. battle [countable; uncountable] a fight between opposing armies, groups of ships, groups of people etc, especially one that is part of a larger war бой, битва, сражение: the Battle of Trafalgar | A career soldier, he had died leading his men into battle at Spion Kop during the Boer War. | The fierce battle for Travnik was now over, the sources said.

to join battle (with sb) | to plunge into battle вступить / ввязаться в бой: Get a good night's rest, men; we join battle with the enemy at first light. | He went to join the battle and, all unskilled in warfare, he was killed at once. | We do not readily plunge into battle with such powerful forces.

to fight / wage a battle вести бой: We invaded Ireland and fought our own battles there. | We are determined and able to fight battles. | He denied yesterday it was waging a battle on two fronts.

to win a battle выиграть сражение: They won the battle by sheer weight of numbers.

to lose a battle проиграть сражение: The French lost the Battle of Agincourt in 1415. | It may be, in the long run, more productive to lose the battle but win the war.

bloody battle кровавое сражение: one of the bloodiest battles of the Second World War

fierce / pitched / raging battle ожесточенный бой; жестокая схватка, яростная битва; решительное сражение: There sieges were less frequent and pitched battles more important. | He describes how he killed two young workers taken prisoner in a pitched battle inside a factory workshop.

at the battle of… в битве при…: Napoleon was defeated by the Duke of Wellington at the battle of Waterloo. | He is finally met and defeated at the Battle of Osterwald.

in (a) battle (of...): He died in battle. | The soldiers, who died in the 1916 Battle of Fromelles, are being given full military honours in a special service at a cemetery near the site.

2. combat [uncountable; countable] organized fighting, especially during a war бой, битва, сражение: These troops have very little experience of active / armed combat. | It is no coincidence that combat soldiers, particularly paratroops, wear camouflage uniforms that somewhat resemble a leopard's spotted coat. | There was fierce combat between the two sides.

close combat ближний бой: This will get your cavalry into close combat and hopefully out of the hail of missiles fairly quickly.

combat mission боевое задание: We flew over 200 combat missions. | In all, there are 15 combat missions involving both subs and surface vessels.

combat unit боевое подразделение: The women were excluded from the combat units. | Friedman was a member of a logistics team rather than a combat unit. | The battle casualties of the combat units were nearly as bad as those on World War II battlefields.

combat zone поле боя: She was actually in the combat zone now and she noted uneasily that once again she was placed firmly beside the count.

3. fighting [uncountable] a situation in which people fight, especially in a war бой, битва, сражение: The UN failed to stop the fighting in Rwanda. | The fighting is threatening to turn into full-scale war. | There was fighting on the streets of Paris yesterday when police and demonstrators clashed.

fighting breaks out / erupts / starts: Fighting broke out between army units. | The ceasefire appeared to be in tatters on Monday after heavy fighting erupted in Tetovo. | And it was on this day that heavy fighting started at Thermopylai.

to end fighting: On February 19, Aoun and Geaga agreed a six-point pact to end the fighting.

house-to-house fighting уличный бой

heavy / fierce / bitter fighting жестокое / ожесточенное сражение: Meanwhile, heavy fighting was going on in and around Tan Son Nhut. | Tass still reported heavy fighting around Bagram on March 8. | Fierce fighting has continued all day on the outskirts of the town. | There was fierce combat between the two sides.