3. Complete the gaps. Use one word at a time.

1. Each chemical i) element has an atomic number, e.g. Hydrogen=1.

2. A mobile phone is a hand-held communication k) device .

3. Bill works as a computer g) programmer .

4. People are suspicious of genetically b) modified food.

5. The virus attacks your immune l) system.

6. The internal combustion a) engine was a wonderful invention with terrible consequences.

7. I’ve got a high-speed Internet j) connection.

8. The Voyager spacecraft sends messages from f) outer space.

9. This model has a battery c) life of 9-14 hours.

10. We’re building a remote h) control robot.

11. Facebook is a social d) networking site.

12. We will analyse the statistical e) data from the survey.

a) engine	b) modified	c) life	d) networking	e) data	f) outer
g) programmer	h) control	i) element	j) connection	k) device	l) system

4. Put these inventions into two columns – the best and the worst. Continue this lists with your own ideas.

nuclear weapons	internal combustion engine	tetra-pak carton		electric car	speed camera	mobile phone
bicycle	plastic bag	cat’s eye		landmines	internet	light bulb
car alarm	telephone	computer		television	radio	penicillin
THE BEST			THE WORST

The best inventions ever	The worst inventions ever

5. Write a short essay (150-250 words) about:

a) the positive and negative effects of 5 inventions named above;

b) the scientific discoveries of the last 500 years you consider to be the greatest (choose 5);

c) the inventions of the last 500 years you consider to be the most important (choose 5);

Passive voice

Formation: to be + Past Participle

	Indefinite	Continuous	Perfect
Present	I am taken he/she/it is taken we/you/they are taken	I am being taken he/she/it is being taken we/you/they are being taken	I, we, you, they have been taken he, she it has been taken
Past	I/he/she/it was taken we/you/they were taken	I/he/she/it was being taken we/you/they were being taken	had been taken
Future	Shall/will be taken	-	Shall/will have been taken

USAGE:

REMEMBER that we use Passive Voice only with transitive verbs (verbs which take an object - noun, pronoun, phrase, or clause): They built that castle in 1000. That castle was built in 1000. Find the direct object by asking Subject + Verb + What/Whom? My dad is driving Fred to his friend's house. My dad is driving whom? Fred. That's the direct object. So, drive is a transitive verb.

1. When the agent is unknown, unimportant or obvious from the context.

Those people have stolen my car. My car has been stolen (by those people).

2. To make statements more polite or formal.

My new suit has been burnt.

3. When the action is more important than the agent – as in news reports, formal notices, instructions, processes, headlines, advertisements, etc.

Taking pictures is not allowed. (written notice)

The local bank was robbed this night. (news report)

4. To put emphasis on the agent.

The Tower of London was built by William the Conqueror.