- •Superior orbital fissure, communication, content.
- •Name the types of the joints (according to the classification) between the bones of cranial vault.
- •Radiocarpal joint, shape, biomechanics
- •What type of joint by structure is hip joint?
- •Enumerate the continuous type of joints (synathrosis)
- •It has two articular surfaces:
- •11. Function of the tricep brachii.
- •13. Muscles of neck, classification.
- •14. Function of anterior muscle of leg
- •15. Enumerate the muscle of thenar.
- •16. Functions of muscles of the lateral group of the leg.
- •17. Classification of muscles of thigh and its function.
- •18. Enumerate the peculiarities of structure of topography of muscle of facial expression.
- •19. Coats of eye ball.
- •20. The inner core of the eyeball.
- •Photoreceptors
- •Blind Spot:The point in the Retina where the optic nerve exits the eye. There are no photoreceptors which makes this Blind Spot insensitive to light.
- •21. Functions of the iris and the structure providing them.
- •23. Topography of the subcortical and the cortical center of the visual analyser.
- •24. Middle ear structure and the function.
- •25. The part of the osseous labyrinth, function
- •26. Membranous labyrinth structure and function.
- •31. Red nuclei and the black substance, topography and the function.
- •32. Enumerates the lobes of the brain and the sulci separating them
- •33. Name the element of structure of the ventral part of the medulla.
- •34. Topography of the vegetative nuclei of the rhomboid fossa.
- •35. Topography of the brain ventricle.
- •36. Innervation of the extrinsic muscle of eye ball.
- •37. Structure of wall of fourth ventricle.
- •38. Topography of corpus callosum, fornix, anterior commissure of the brain.
- •39. Meninges of brain, peculiarities of the structure.
- •40. Part of the Rhomboid Fossa:
- •41. Classification of cranial nerve by the function and the source of development.
- •42. Topography of spinal cord and the meninges.
- •43. Sources of formation of cervical plexus and its branches.
- •44. Vagus nerve, parts, zone of innervation
- •45. Enumerate the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus, zone of innervation.
- •46. Nuclei and branches of trigeminal nerve.
- •47. Formation of the spinal nerves.
- •48. Blood supplying of the muscles of facial expression.
- •49. Topography of the subclavian artery, branches of the first part.
- •50. Internal jugular vein, sources of formation and its branches.
- •51. Blood supplies of the brain.
- •52. External carotid artery, topography branches of the anterior group.
- •53. Enumerate the branch of the interior group of the carotid artery and the zone of blood supplying.
- •58. Oral cavity, division into parts, blood supplying.
- •59. Division of the pharynx and function.
- •60. Enumerate the communication of the middle nasal meatus
Superior orbital fissure, communication, content.
Ans: Superior orbital fissure is a foramen in the skull, lying between the lesser and the greater wing of sphenoid bone, and it is the communication between the cavernous sinus and the apex of the orbit.
It contents:
Superior and the inferior division of the occulomotor nerve
Trochlear nerve
Lacriminal, frontal and nasociliary branches of the opthalmivc nerve
Abducens nerve
Branches of the inferior ophthalmic vein
Name the types of the joints (according to the classification) between the bones of cranial vault.
Ans: The bones of the skull are connected by the fibrous joint called suture. These joints are referred to as synarthrosis because of immovable, it have no joint cavity.
Radiocarpal joint, shape, biomechanics
Ans: Radiocarpal (articulation radio carpea) or the wrist joint is the synovial joint of the ellipsoid variety formed between the distal aspect of the radius and the articular disc proximally and the proximal row of the carpal bone distally.
It has two articular surfaces:
Proximal: lower end of the radius and triangular articular disc of the inferior radio- ulnar joint
Distal: Proximal surface of the scaphoid, triquetral and the lunate bone.
The movement allowed at the wrist joints are flexion, extension, adduction and abduction.
What type of joint by structure is hip joint?
And: The hip joint or the coxal joint is a multiaxial synovial joint of the ball and the socket variety form between the hip bone proximally and the femur distally.
Enumerate the continuous type of joints (synathrosis)
Ans: A synarthrosis *are the type of joint which permit very little movement or no movement. Most synarthrosis joints are fibrous joint.
Eg. Suture joints and the gomphosis joint
Classification of joint by structure.
Ans: Joint can be classified into 3 type by structure
A fibrous joint: bones are held by dense regular fibrous connective tissue
A cartilaginous joint: bones are joint by the cartilage
A synovial joint: it has a synovial cavity, synovial fluid, synovial capsule and the bone were joint by various ligament.
Which joint by shape do refer to the biaxial joint?
Ans: Saddle joint, ellipsoid joint and Condylar joint
Which joint by shape do refer to the multiaxial joint?
Ans: Ball and socket joint ( articulation spheroidea).
Elbow joint, classification by structure and the function.
Ans: Elbow joint is a synovial joint of the hinge joint variety between the humerus and the bones of the forearm and it also compound joint as more than two bones takes part in it. It allows on the flexion and the extension because it is uniaxial.
It has two articulation: Humeroulnar part and the Humeroradial part.
Temporomandibular joint, muscle which influence on it.
Ans: Temporomandibular joint is a synovial joint of the condylar variety.
It has two articular surfaces:
Upper articular surface: formed by the anterior articular part of the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.
Inferior articular surface: form by the head of themandibular.
Muscles influence on the movement:
Protraction: Pterygoid muscle
Retraction: posterior fibre of the temporalis muscle also assisted by the masseter, digastric, genoihyoid muscle.
Depression: lateral pterygoid, geniohyoid, myohyoid and digastric muscle
Elevation: Masseter, temporalis and medial pterygoid muscles
Side to side movement: contraction of lateral and the medial pterygoid muscle.