5. Give Russian equivalents to the following phrases.

Direct access to the surface

Open-cast mining

Tabular deposits

Oil well

Underground workings

Production face

6. Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1) Mining refers to ore extraction.

2) Mining is the industrial process of removing a mineral-bearing substance from the place of its natural occurrence in the Earth’s crust.

3) The term “mining” includes the recovery of oil and gas from wells.

4) The mode of occurrence of the sought-for-metallic substance governs to a large degree the type of mining that is practiced.

5) Depending on their function, mine workings are described as exploratory, if they are driven with a view to finding or proving mineral, and as productive, if they are used for the immediate extraction of useful mineral.

7. Translate the following sentences into English.

1) Горные выработки могут быть разведочными и эксплуатационными.

2) Для разработки более глубоких частей пласта необходимо проводить ряд подземных выработок.

3) Механизация горной породы способствует увеличению добычи полезного ископаемого.

8. Complete the given sentences. Use the information from the text.

1) Mining is a branch of industry, which deals with __________________

2) Many factors affect the choice of the mining method. In case the deposit _____

3) Mine workings may have different functions, for example, productive workings which ______________

4) If we describe underground workings, we should divide them into __________

9. Make your own sentences using the following expressions.

Example: 0) surface method – This surface method is not productive.

1) to refer to

2) to include

3) in other words

4) the tendency

5) to contribute

6) to depend on

7) development

8) broadly speaking

10. Give a short summary of the text. You may use the plan which is given below.

• Give the definition to mining and its methods.

• Tell about the functions of mining.

1. The text tells us about ________________ .

2. The author points out _______________ .

3. He believes ____________________ .

4. In the second part of the text he continues _______________ .

5. The author also gives the information about __________ .

6. In conclusion, ________________ .

Lesson VIII

Oil extraction

Lead-in

Oil extraction (oil production) is a process of oil recovery from a well.

Write down the words associated with “oil extraction”. Explain your associations.

Vocabulary

1) to extract oil	- добывать нефть
2) to establish	- оценивать, устанавливать
3) refinery	- нефтеперерабатывающий завод
4) reserves	- запасы
5) to decrease	- уменьшать, убывать, понижаться
6) to increase	- увеличивать, повышать, усиливать
7) to discover	- обнаруживать, открывать
8) to recover	- добывать(нефть, газ)
9) to pump	- качать, откачивать \ насос
10) substance	- вещество, материя
11) сomposition	- состав, соединение
12) viable	-жизнеспособный
13) recovery factor	- коэффициент нефтеотдачи
14) to extract	- извлекать (нефть, газ или инструмент из скважины)
15) excess pressure	- избыточное давление
16) sluggish	- медлительный, медленный
17) treacle	- вязкая жидкость
18) seam	- пласт; тонкий слой; прослой
19) large-scale	- широкий, масштабный; крупномасштабный
20) commercial production	- промышленная добыча
21) production facilities	- эксплуатационное оборудование
22) trap (pocket)	- ловушка (для отделения газа от жидкости или нефти от воды)
23) reservoir	- пласт-коллектор; пластовый резервуар (нефти, газа)
24) sufficient	- достаточный; обоснованный
25) to force	- выталкивать
26) to inject	- нагнетать
27) atmospheric temperature	- температура воздуха