6. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words.
Classical geology (объясняет) events of the past (на основании) processes which (происходят) at present.
Regional geology (нацелена) at the integration of all the geological information which (имеет отношение к) particular area.
Geology (имеет отношение) the study of development of (земной коры).
We (достигли) the present state of geology as a result of much work and (расшифровывания) of records of rocks as documents of its history.
The most obvious (воздействия) of such (сил) are the (разрушительные) effects of (выветривания, эрозии и переноса пород) which (имеют тенденцию) to (выравнивать) landscape and irregularities of the surface.
7. Match the science (1-6) with the description of what it studies (a-f).
1. Palaeontology- |
A combines all the information from different fields of geological science and makes maps. |
2. Classical geology- |
B is concerned with the study of Earth’s geological history on the basis of research of sedimentary rocks. |
3. Geology- |
C deals with observations and classification of the remains in the rocks and thus constructs their evolution. |
4. Regional geology- |
D studies the Earth history and uses technology to decode the records of rocks. |
5. Stratigraphy- |
E deals with practical application of geological knowledge. |
6. Applied geology- |
F seeks to interpret the past events in terms of the processes which are at work at present. |
8. Choose the correct variant.
1). The surface of the Earth is formed by _________ .
A. endogenous forces
B. exogenous forces
C. both
2). Geological maps _________________ .
A. show all geological information
B. geological information from particular areas
C. essential bases of all kinds of mining
3). At present views on the Earth evolution and development of a man ______ .
A. have changed
B. are not complete
C. have not been determined
4). Geologists ________________ .
A. input different geological events
B. establish history of the Earth
C. both
5). Applied geology deals with ___________ .
A. practical application of geological science
B. present day processes
C. geological maps of different areas
9. Answer the questions on the text.
1. What does the word “geology” mean?
2. What does geology deal with?
3. What is classical geology aimed at?
4. What forces affect the Earth’s crust?
5. How do endogenous forces affect the crust?
6. What are the obvious effects of the exogenous forces?
7. What does stratigraphy deal with?
8. What is regional geology aimed at?
9. What does applied geology deal with?
Lesson II
The uses of geophysics
Lead-in
Fill in the spidergram with the words related to “Geophysics”.
Explain your associations.
Vocabulary
1) to process |
- обрабатывать, анализировать |
2) to extract |
- извлекать, добывать |
3) ore |
- руда |
4) surface method |
- наземный метод |
5) origin |
- происхождение |
6) beyond (one's) scope |
- вне (чьей л.) компетенции |
7) mineral exploration |
- разведка полезных ископаемых |
8) geophysical exploration |
- геофизическая разведка |
9) to call upon |
- обращаться |
10) soil |
- грунт, земля, почва |
11) covering |
- покрытие; оболочка |
12) subsurface |
- подземный; заглубленный |
13) mineral deposit |
- месторождение минерального сырья |
14) to rely upon |
- полагаться, доверять |
15) sought-for |
- искомый |
16) to assist in |
- содействовать, способствовать, |
17) procedure |
- метод; способ; методика |
18) density |
- плотность |
19) acoustic |
- акустический, звуковой |
20) electrical conductivity |
- электропроводность |
21) geophysical surveying |
- геофизическая съёмка |
22) self-powered |
- безбатарейный |
23) end product |
- конечный результат |
24) needs |
- запросы |
25) instrumentation |
- контрольно-измерительные приборы; |
26) to utilize |
- использовать |
27) reasonableness |
- обоснованность |