2. Pay attention to the stress in the following words. Pronounce them.

hydroge´ology	ap´plying
´aquifers	termi´nology
inter´changeably	en´vironment
dis´tinction	´surface

3. Read the text and fulfil the exercises. Hydrogeology

Hydrogeology (hydro- meaning “water” and -geology meaning “the study of the Earth”) is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust, (commonly in aquifers). Hydrogeology is the part of hydrology that deals with the occurrence, movement and quality of water beneath the Earth's surface.

Hydrogeology is a branch of the geosciences dealing with the flow of water through aquifers and other shallow porous media (typically less than 450 m or 1,500 ft below the land surface.) The very shallow flow of water in the subsurface (the upper 3 m or 10 ft) is pertinent to the fields of soil science, agriculture and civil engineering, as well as to hydrogeology. Groundwater is a slow-moving, viscous fluid (with a Reynolds number less than unity). The mathematical relationships used to describe the flow of water through porous media are the diffusion and Laplace equations, which have applications in many diverse fields. Steady groundwater flow (Laplace equation) has been simulated using electrical, elastic and heat conduction analogies. Transient groundwater flow is analogous to the diffusion of heat in a solid.

Traditionally, the movement of groundwater has been studied separately from surface water, climatology, and even the chemical and microbiological aspects of hydrogeology (the processes are uncoupled). As the field of hydrogeology matures, the strong interactions among groundwater, surface water, water chemistry, soil moisture and even climate are becoming clearer.

4. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition.

1) Hydrogeology is the area of geology that deals _________the distribution and movement _______ groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust.

2) The very shallow flow of water in the subsurface is pertinent _____ the fields of soil science, agriculture and civil engineering.

3) Transient groundwater flow is analogous ____ the diffusion of heat in a solid.

4) As the field of hydrogeology matures, the strong interactions _____ groundwater, surface water, water chemistry, soil moisture and even climate are becoming more clear.

5. Agree or disagree with the following statements.

1) Hydrology is the science of soil occurrence, movement and transport.

2) Hydrogeology is a branch of the earth sciences dealing with the flow of water through aquifers.

3) Groundwater flows from high pressure gradient to low.

4) The movement of groundwater has been studied together with surface, water, climatology.

6. Give the English equivalents to the Russian words.

1) Hydrogeology is the (раздел) of geology that (занимается, имеет дело с) the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust, (как правило) in aquifers.

2) The study of the (взаимодействие) between groundwater movement and geology can be quite complex.

3) Hydrogeology, (как упомянуто выше), is a (раздел) of the geosciences dealing with the flow of water through aquifers and other shallow porous (среда).

4) Groundwater is a slow-moving, (вязкая) fluid (with a Reynolds number less than unity). Steady groundwater flow (уравнение Лапласа) has been simulated using electrical, elastic and heat conduction analogies.

5) Traditionally, (движение подземных вод) has been studied separately from surface water, (климатология), and even the chemical and microbiological aspects of hydrogeology.

6) (С развитием гидрогеологии), the strong interactions among groundwater, surface water, water chemistry, soil moisture and even climate are becoming clearer.

7. What are the subjects of the following sciences?

1. Hydrology	deals with is concerned with	flow of water through aquifers and other shallow porous media.
2. Hydrogeology		farming
3. Topography		planning, building and repair of roads, bridges, large buildings.
4.Civil engineering		all aspects of the waters of the Earth: their circulation; their chemical and physical properties; and their reaction with the environment, including their relation to living things.
5. Agriculture		describing an area of land, or making maps of it.