Summary (реферат)

Variant 2

1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на временную форму глагола. Выпишите сказуемое и укажите его время.

1. Dry powders are very effective on Class D fires.

2. They will have much work to do next week.

3. Our cadets have already come back from their holidays.

4. The rescuers had performed their operation by 18 p.m. yesterday.

5. Every year a lot of fires occur because of people.

6. The fire gave humans the first form of portable light and heat.

7. Mr. Smith is looking for a job of a crew chief these days.

8. We were having our marching drills the whole morning yesterday.

9. Great fires in Europe hastened the development of the fire engine.

2. Составьте 2 общих вопроса, 2 специальных вопроса и 2 отрицательных предложения к утверждениям из Задания 1.

3. Поставьте прилагательные, данные в скобках, в соответствующую степень сравнения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Which is (effective) extinguishing agent to put out flammable liquids?

2. That fire was (bad) the firefighters ever faced.

3. (Many) and (many) natural disasters occur every year.

4. Our educational institution is one of the (old) in the city.

5. Gases which are (heavy) than air can be used to blanket fire.

6. Fires travelling (slow) uphill are an exception to the rule.

4. Переведите слова на русский язык и определите, к каким частям речи они относятся. Укажите словообразующий суффикс или префикс.

1. combustion –combustible – сombustibility

2. gas – gaseous

3. protect – protection– protective

4. proper – improper – properly

5. harm – harmful – harmless

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He is to make a report on Friday.

2. The informed fire officer, his control of the situation can have a calming effect on people.

3. The will be able to finish this work in a couple of days.

4. Care should be taken in the laboratory not to inhale hydrogen sulphide.

5. The fire brigade must arrive at the place of fire very quickly.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Подчеркните сказуемое в страдательном залоге.

1. His speech was listened to very attentively.

2. I was told that the meeting had been attended by the general.

3. Are the new inventions that our scientists are working at used in our industry?

4. Mass is measured in grams or kilograms.

5. Drums containing petrol must not be left open.

7. Перепишите предложения, выбрав причастие нужной формы. Укажите вид причастия. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The monument (designing, designed) by Wren is 202 feet high.

2. A (falling, fallen) piece of paper comes to the ground less quickly than a piece of wood.

3. The children came in (pushing, pushed) each other.

8. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод герундия.

1. A protractor is used for measuring angles.

2. He does not show any interest in studying law.

3. The motor kept on rotating owing to its inertia.

4. Heating copper wire from 0 to 100^оC increases its resistance about 40%.

5. Catalysts aid in accelerating reactions.

9. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. The surface tension of water is strong enough to let a steel needle float on water.

2. He is the man to rely upon.

3. Pressure causes ice to melt.

4. To explain this simple fact is not very easy.

5. Metallic sodium is a white metal soft enough to be easily cut with a knife.

6. Mention is to be made of the high boiling point of this liquid.

10. Прочитайте текст.

Fire Extinguishing Theory

The extinguishment of fires is based on an interruption of one or more fire ingredients. With flaming combustion the fire may be extinguished by reducing temperature, eliminating fuel or oxygen, or by stopping the uninhibited chemical chain reaction. If a fire is in the smoldering phase, only three extinguishment options exist: reduction of temperature, elimination of fuel, or oxygen.

One of the most common methods of extinguishment by cooling is dependent on cooling the fuel to a point where it doesn’t produce sufficient vapor to burn. Solid fuels and liquid fuels with high flash points can be extinguished by cooling. Low flash point liquids and flammable gases cannot be extinguished by cooling with water as vapor production cannot be sufficiently reduced.

Reduction of temperature is dependent on the application of an adequate flow in proper form to establish a negative heat balance.

In some cases, a fire is effectively extinguished by removing the fuel source. This may be done by stopping the flow of liquid or gaseous fuel or by removing solid fuel in the path of the fire. Another method of fuel removal is to allow the fire to burn until all fuel is consumed.

The method of extinguishment by oxygen dilution is the reduction of the oxygen concentration in the fire area. This can be accomplished by introducing an inert gas into the fire or by separating the oxygen from the fuel. This method of extinguishment will not work on self-oxidizing materials or on certain metals as they are oxidized by carbon dioxide or nitrogen, the two most common extinguishing agents.